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Impact of Control Interventions on Malaria Incidence in the General Population of Mali
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The increase in malaria incidence and the reduction of funding for malaria control have highlighted the need to step up efforts in the fight against malaria in Mali. To further refine the malaria control strategy implemented in the country, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of control interventions at the health district level on malaria incidence in the general population.Method: Malaria, rainfall, and intervention data were collected for the 75 health districts of Mali for the period from April 2017 to March 2022. The impact of the different control interventions on malaria incidence in the general population was assessed at the health district level with a Generalized Additive Mixed Model considering rainfall.Results: Although coverage rates varied widely between health districts, most interventions showed an improvement in coverage over the study period. Two interventions had a small impact on incidence: long-lasting insecticidal net mass distribution (LLIN), with a reduction rate of 2.2 ‰ for an adjusted coverage rate from 30.0 to 79.0% (odds ratio (OR): 0.998; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.997-0.999), and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), with a reduction rate of 1.9 ‰ for an adjusted coverage rate from 30.0 to 80.0% (OR: 0.9979; 95% CI 0.996-0.998).Conclusion: The analysis found a small impact of LLIN and SMC on malaria incidence at the district level. Malaria control should be reinforced by improving coverage and utilization rates in the general population and in the most vulnerable groups and by deploying larger numbers of community health workers where needed
Les salons d’hivernage en Guadeloupe (1946-1962)
No full textInternational audienceDe 1946 à 1962, un cercle de savants, intellectuels, littéraires et artistes retrace l’ensemble des arts et traditions populaires. 47 artistes locaux s’exposent dans ce nouveau lieu de diffusion de 1946 à 1962. Ce cercle se compose de 11 femmes et 34 hommes, 12 sont nés en Guadeloupe, 29 sont des artistes amateurs ou autodidactes, 8 sont formés à Paris, à Bordeaux ou en Martinique, 2 sont professeurs, 6 reçoivent des prix et distinction, 15 participent à d’autres expositions guadeloupéennes et expositions hexagonales. La création du salon d’Hivernage de 1946-1962, exposition annuelle pour les artistes, est à étudier, à travers sa lecture critique dans la Revue Guadeloupéenne et la presse locale. Il y a une ambition des artistes de traduire une « expression de l’âme populaire de la Guadeloupe ». Cette volonté pittoresque est réfléchie dans le fonds consacré au Salon d’Hivernage (fonds Roger Fortuné série 7J) qui ambitionne de donner à la peinture une place prépondérante face à l’artisanat local qui y trouve une place secondaire
Taxonomic Revision of the Asiatic Widespread Filmy Fern Cephalomanes javanicum (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) Reveals More Species than Expected
No full textInternational audienceThis study revises the taxonomy of Cephalomanes javanicum (Hymenophyllaceae), a filmy fern traditionally considered widespread across the Indomalayan and Australasian regions. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, type specimens, and herbarium collections, we clarify the taxonomic status of three recognized varieties: typical C. javanicum, C. javanicum var. sumatranum, and C. javanicum var. asplenioides. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular phylogenetic investigations reveal that these varieties represent distinct species rather than intraspecific variants. Additionally, we reassess C. atrovirens, a species often confused with C. javanicum, and confirm that its two previously recognized subspecies also warrant species status. Based on these findings, we propose the elevation of the C. javanicum varieties and C. atrovirens subspecies to full species rank, providing updated taxonomic treatments, synonymy lists, and new lectotypifications. These revisions contribute to a more accurate understanding of species diversity within Cephalomanes and have broader implications for fern taxonomy, biogeography, and conservation in the tropical Asia, Australasian, and Oceanian regions
Oxygen supersaturation has negligible effects on warming tolerance across diverse aquatic ectotherms
No full textInternational audienceUnder the midday sun, when photosynthesizers are producing oxygen, shallow aquatic ecosystems can become supersaturated with oxygen (>100% air saturation) while they simultaneously peak in water temperature. It has been suggested that oxygen supersaturation could protect water-breathing animals from mortality during heatwaves because of the potential role of oxygen in governing thermal tolerance. Here, we conducted a circumglobal assessment of the effects of ecologically relevant oxygen supersaturation (150%, hyperoxia) on warming tolerance (here, measured using critical thermal maximum, CT max ) in 14 aquatic ectotherms from diverse marine and freshwater environments (10 fishes, four decapod crustaceans), in a series of 24 experiments that included 147 CT max trials and 1,451 animals using two warming rates (0.3°C min −1 and 1°C h −1 ). In 10 of 14 species, there was no effect of oxygen supersaturation relative to normoxic controls. In four species (two tropical reef fishes and two marine decapod crustaceans), we found mixed evidence for effects of oxygen saturation, with most of the effects being small ( ca . 0.2°C–0.3°C). Thus, contrary to predictions, we conclude that oxygen supersaturation is unlikely to protect most water-breathers from heatwaves and therefore few species distribution models or climate risk assessments will benefit from incorporating oxygen supersaturation
Digital NGD Design for FPGA-based Application
No full textInternational audienceNegative Group Delay (NGD) remains a little-known concept in embedded digital signal processing, and most electronic designers are unfamiliar with its design and analysis. This paper presents a clear, step-by-step theoretical framework and a practical methodology for implementing baseband NGD using a low-order finite impulse response (FIR) filter. All FIRbased NGD parameters and characteristics can be defined under specific conditions based solely on the desired NGD value and the sampling frequency. Our synthesis results confirm that the realized time-advance increases with normalized frequency. We validate the approach through simulation and then demonstrate a proof-of-concept FPGA implementation. In transient experiments using a 3 kHz Gaussian pulse, the NGD circuit produces an advance of approximately 13 µs relative to the input signal and the NGD execution time is about 2µs
Mapping Species Birth Across the Recombination Landscapes of Marine Snails
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the drivers of heterogeneous genomic divergence is essential for uncovering the mechanisms that generate and constrain biodiversity. The extent to which adaptation and speciation are facilitated by reorganisation of the recombination landscape remains untested in many systems. Marine ecosystems, with their dynamic and fluid habitats, offer a compelling context to investigate genomic divergence. In this study, we mapped genomic divergence and selection across recombination landscapes of parapatric marine snail sister species that we show have recently undergone secondary contact. Regions of reduced recombination were enriched for genes exhibiting signatures of negative selection, whereas regions of high recombination were associated with genes under putative positive selection. Notably, the recombination landscape of the population in parapatry of one species ( Scurria viridula ) differs markedly from that of the other population within this same species, highlighting the role of introgression in reshaping recombination landscapes. In the other species ( Scurria zebrina ), conservation of the recombination landscape and divergent selection among populations suggest trapping of beneficial allele combinations in regions of low recombination maintains the identity of this species. Among species, signals of divergence with gene flow consistently cluster within specific genomic regions characterised by high recombination rate variation among the populations of S. viridula . These results challenge traditional theoretical expectations of recombination evolution by showing that the causes of genomic divergence can be population‐specific. This study demonstrates that recombination landscapes are key modulators of genomic divergence, with contemporary evolutionary shifts that could enable populations to adapt to distinct environments. Our findings provide new insights into the interplay between recombination, selection, and gene flow during speciation, underscoring the complexity of evolutionary trajectories in marine systems
La théorie hydrosociale et sa pertinence dans la gestion de l'eau dans les quartiers précaires en Haïti
No full textYolette Jérôme (2025). La théorie hydrosociale et sa pertinence dans la gestion de l'eau dans les quartiers précaires en Haïti. InfosNation-Espace Sciences et Société le 27 décembre 2025. https://infosnation.com/11734-2/?amp=1International audienceLa théorie hydrosociale propose une approche relationnelle-dialectique qui conceptualise l'eau et la société comme des entités co-constituées qui se font et se refont mutuellement dans le temps et l'espace. Cette approche théorique offre un cadre d'analyse particulièrement pertinent pour comprendre les dynamiques complexes de gestion de l'eau dans les quartiers précaires haïtiens. En s'appuyant sur des études de cas à Port-au-Prince, notamment le quartier de Canaan, cet article démontre que le cycle hydrosocial permet de saisir les interactions entre infrastructures hydrauliques formelles et informelles, rapports de pouvoir, pratiques communautaires et vulnérabilités structurelles qui caractérisent l'accès à l'eau dans ces espaces urbains marginalisés. L'analyse révèle comment les arrangements hydrosociaux dans les bidonvilles haïtiens reflètent des inégalités profondes tout en générant des formes de résilience et d'adaptation communautaire
La mémoire du risque cyclonique à Mayotte : de la mémoire habitante à la mémoire paysagère, le cas de Kamisy (1984) et Feliksa (1985)
No full textInternational audienceDans cette communication nous reviendrons sur le concept de mémoire du risque que nous développerons au prisme d’une recherche menée auprès des habitants de Mayotte et de l’exploitation de la documentation archivistique. Nous proposerons une discussion sur le concept de mémoire du risque et de son élargissement à des objets autre que les éléments transmis par le témoignage ou les archives en questionnant la place des paysages comme objet produit par les sociétés et porteur en lui-même d’une mémoire à valoriser dans le cadre de stratégie de prévention des risques
The effectiveness of heat prevention plans in reducing heat-related mortality across Europe
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Heat-health warning systems and action plans, referred to as heat prevention plans (HPPs), are key public health interventions aimed at reducing heat-related mortality. Despite their importance, prior assessments of their effectiveness have yielded inconsistent results. The objective of this study is to systematically assess the effectiveness of heat prevention plans in reducing heat-related mortality risk across Europe.We analysed daily mortality and mean temperature data from 102 locations in 14 European countries between 1990 and 2019. Using data from national experts, we identified the year of HPP implementation and categorised their development class. A three-stage analysis was conducted: (1) quasi-Poisson time series models were used to estimate location-specific warm-season exposure-response functions in three-year subperiods; (2) mixed-effect meta-regression models with multilevel longitudinal structures were employed to quantify changes in pooled exposure-response functions due to HPP implementation, adjusted for long-term trends in heat-related mortality risks; and (3) the heat-related excess mortality due to HPP was calculated by comparing factual (with HPP) and counterfactual (without HPP) scenarios. Estimates are reported by country, region, and HPP class.HPP implementation was associated with a 25.2% [95% CI: 19.8% to 31.9%] reduction in excess deaths attributable to extreme heat, corresponding to 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4] avoided deaths annually per 100,000 inhabitants. This equates to an estimated 14,551 [95% CI: 10,118 to 19,072] total deaths avoided across all study locations following HPP implementation. No significant differences in HPP effectiveness were observed by European region or HPP class.Our findings provide robust evidence that HPPs substantially reduce heat-related mortality across Europe, accounting for temporal changes and geographical differences in risks. These results emphasise the importance of monitoring and evaluating HPPs to enhance adaptation to a warming climate