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"Nous parlons français", un projet brésilien d'enseignement en ligne du français par la pédagogie de projet à un public multi-niveaux
No full textInternational audienceCréé pendant la pandémie de COVID par l'Université fédérale de Sante Clara (UFSC), le projet "Nous parlons français" a pour but d'offrir aux étudiants et enseignants de l'université, de toutes disciplines et de tous niveaux, des cours de français gratuits, créés par les futurs enseignants de français langue étrangère de l'UFSC, auxquels se sont ajoutés depuis 2024 des étudiants de Master FLE de l'Université des Antilles. Ce projet, un peu utopique, permettait ainsi à la fois à de nombreux étudiants et enseignants d'accéder à des cours de langue qui n'étaient plus proposés en présentiel, et de donner l'occasion aux futurs enseignants de français de réaliser leur stage pédagogique obligatoire.L'approche choisie pour le projet était un cours alternant les séances en ligne en direct, par visioconférence, et des activités à faire en ligne sur un mode asynchrone. Il a été décidé de ne pas faire de groupes de niveaux mais de créer au contraire des groupes hétérogènes, multiniveaux, et de baser l'enseignement sur la pédagogie de projet, avec la réalisation par chaque groupe d'un projet final. La motivation de ce choix était notamment d'encourager les échanges et l'entraide entre apprenants.Lors de cette communication, le projet sera analysé et évalué en trois étapes.Tout d'abord, les intervenant(e)s présenteront l'organisation générale du projet et les principes qui ont guidé la création de "Nous parlons français", notamment le choix de la pédagogie de projet pour s'adresser à un groupe multiniveaux.Le projet sera ensuite évalué selon deux approches :- Les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès des étudiant(e)s qui ont été chargé(e)s de concevoir et animer les cours. Cette enquête porte à la fois sur leur opinion et expériences directement liées au développement des cours, et sur l'impact qu'a pu avoir ce projet sur leur propre formation de futur(e)s enseignant(e)s.- Les résultats d'un deuxième enquête menée auprès des apprenants qui ont participé à ce projet, pour avoir une rétroaction sur leur expérience de "Nous parlons français" et de son déroulement, ainsi que sur les apports de cette participation à leur apprentissage de la langue française.En conclusion, cette communication devrait montrer comment les choix spécifiques faits pour le projet "Nous parlons français", malgré les difficultés et obstacles rencontrés lors de la mise en oeuvre du projet, ont permis de concrétiser ce qui initialement aurait pu sembler être un projet utopique de cours gratuits en ligne, animés par des étudiants, destinés à des groupes hétérogènes d'étudiants et d'enseignants désireux d'apprendre le français
The Global Spectra-Trait Initiative: A database of paired leaf spectroscopy and functional traits associated with leaf photosynthetic capacity
No full textAccurate assessment of leaf functional traits is crucial for a diverse range of applications from crop phenotyping to parameterizing global climate models. Leaf reflectance spectroscopy offers a promising avenue to advance ecological and of robust hyperspectral models for predicting leaf photosynthetic capacity and associated traits from reflectance data has been hindered by limited data availability across species and environments. Here we introduce the Global Spectra-Trait Initiative (GSTI), a collaborative repository of paired leaf hyperspectral and gas exchange measurements from diverse ecosystems. The GSTI repository currently encompasses over 7500 observations from 397 species and 41 sites gathered from 36 published and unpublished studies, thereby offering a key resource for developing and validating hyperspectral models of leaf photosynthetic agricultural research by complementing traditional, time-consuming gas exchange measurements. However, the development capacity. The GSTI database is developed on GitHub (https://github.com/plantphys/gsti) and published to ESS-dive https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/2530733, Lamour et al., 2025). It includes gas exchange data, derived photosynthetic parameters, and key leaf traits often associated with traditional gas exchange measurements such as leaf mass per area and leaf elemental composition. By providing a standardized repository for data sharing and analysis, we present a critical step towards creating hyperspectral models for predicting photosynthetic traits and associated leaf traits for terrestrial plants
Sedimentary record of submarine gravity‐flow events in the southern Ryukyu forearc during the last 200 000 years: archive of mega‐earthquakes and tsunamis
No full textInternational audienceDespite high convergence velocity, the southern Ryukyu subduction has relatively low and sparse instrumental seismicity, in contrast with the Yaeyama Islands, hit by huge tsunamis over the last few thousand years. This study explores the potential of deep marine sediments to record past large earthquakes and tsunamis. During the MD214/EAGER cruise (2018), four sediment cores (12 to 23 m long) were collected in the forearc area (south of Yaeyama Islands), which is an efficient trap for gravity-flow deposits. The chrono-stratigraphic framework is established with radiocarbon dating, δ 18 O stratigraphy, U-series data and tephra analysis including major/trace elements and Hf-Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes. In the basin floor, bulk sedimentation rates locally exceed 60 cm/ka, while hemipelagic sedimentation rates range from 3 to 8 cm/ka, similar to values derived from U-series data in recent sediments of the boxcores. Twenty-four gravity-flow deposits were identified over the last 20 000 years, a frequency consistent with the past tsunamis recorded in the coastal sediments over the last thousand years, emphasising their interest as archives of earthquakes and major tsunamis. At a regional scale, bulk sedimentation rates fall under 10 cm/ka for 48 large-scale gravity-flow deposits over the last 200 000 years. With average recurrence periods about 3500-4000 years, these regional events could be triggered by subduction large earthquakes (M > 7). Finally, four exceptionally large submarine gravity-flow events (mega-deposits) of unclear origin have been documented over the last 200 000 years. This work provides an 1 See Acknowledgements for the List of other participants of EAGER Cruise
Résurgence du paludisme aux Comores : où en est-on de son élimination ?
No full textDepuis vingt ans, une lutte intensive est engagée contre le paludisme aux Comores, en Afrique australe. À terme, l’élimination de cette maladie dans ce pays n’est pas un rêve impossible, mais cet objectif demeure encore lointain. On fait le point sur la stratégie dite de « traitement de masse » mise en œuvre sur l’archipel, ses succès et ses limites.Lire plus : https://theconversation.com/resurgence-du-paludisme-aux-comores-ou-en-est-on-de-son-elimination-25996
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of Corallium rubrum : A Mediterranean Coral Threatened by Overharvesting and Climate Change
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Reference genomes are key resources in biodiversity conservation. Yet, sequencing efforts are not evenly distributed across the tree of life raising concerns over our ability to enlighten conservation with genomic data. Good-quality reference genomes remain scarce in octocorals while these species are highly relevant targets for conservation. Here, we present the first annotated reference genome in the red coral, Corallium rubrum (Linnaeus, 1758), a habitat-forming octocoral from the Mediterranean and neighboring Atlantic, impacted by overharvesting and anthropogenic warming-induced mass mortality events. Combining long reads from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), Illumina paired-end reads for improving the base accuracy of the ONT-based genome assembly, and Arima Hi-C contact data to place the sequences into chromosomes, we assembled a genome of 532 Mb (20 chromosomes, 309 scaffolds) with contig and scaffold N50 of 1.6 and 18.5 Mb, respectively. Fifty percent of the sequence (L50) was contained in seven superscaffolds. The consensus quality value of the final assembly was 42, and the single and duplicated gene completeness reported by BUSCO was 86.4% and 1%, respectively (metazoa_odb10 database). We annotated 26,348 protein-coding genes and 34,548 noncoding transcripts. This annotated chromosome-level genome assembly, one of the first in octocorals and the first in Scleralcyonacea order, is currently used in a project based on whole-genome resequencing dedicated to the conservation and management of C. rubrum
Variation of phenotypic disparity over the ontogeny of coral reef fish populations
No full textInternational audiencePhenotypic disparity present within populations is of crucial importance for adaptation and natural selection. To date, few studies have explored how disparity levels vary during fish ontogeny. Many coral reef teleosts experience ecological shifts across life stages, making them ideal models. During the larval stage, individuals are adapted to an oceanic pelagic environment while juveniles and adults have a morphology adapted to the benthic reef environment. We hypothesize that these two environments may exert different selective pressures. Here, we quantify the variation of body shapes over the ontogeny of eight coral reef fish species to test whether (1) the morphology of post-larvae, juveniles and adults differs due to specific habitat adaptations and (2) the level of phenotypic disparity varies among ontogenetic stages. Shape analyses reveal that, in most species, adults have a more streamlined body with proportionally shorter jaws than do post-larvae. The distribution of disparity levels throughout ontogeny does not follow a general trend. Depending on the species, shape disparity may be highest during the post larval stage or during the adult stage, or conversely, may not vary at all during ontogeny. Our results oppose two contrasting scenarios: either post-larvae exhibit reduced morphological disparity due to the homogeneity of pelagic habitats, or life stages associated with the reef environment are less disparate because they experience stronger selective pressures. Further research is certainly needed to determine whether phylogeny or ecology mainly drives ontogenetic changes in phenotypic disparity
High-risk human papillomavirus cervical infection prevalence: a nationwide retrospective study comparing opportunistic and organised screening, France, 2020 to 2023
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND In France, cervical cancer screening for females aged 30–65 years primarily tests for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. AIM We aimed to map the prevalence of cervical infections caused by HPV16 and/or 18, or by any of 12 other carcinogenic HPV genotypes and compare prevalence estimates from tests from spontaneous medical visits (opportunistic screening) or the national screening programme (organised screening). METHODS We extracted data from a large network of biology laboratories, containing all available results from HR HPV tests performed between 1 January 2020 and 30 November 2023 in metropolitan France. A full hierarchical Bayesian model was used to compute spatially resolved expected prevalence maps at the postcode level. RESULTS The analytic sample contained results of 362,963 HR HPV tests. Among samples positive for HPV16 and/or 18, 2.9% and 3.8% were from organised and opportunistic screening, respectively. Samples positive for other genotypes were 6.9% and 9.4%, respectively. During the last week of the study (week 48 2023), among females aged 30 years, opportunistic screening was associated with a greater expected prevalence of HPV16 and/or 18 and other genotypes in 97.2% and 99.9% of postcodes, respectively. The probability this percentage was lower among females aged 66 years was below 95% for both genotype groups. For organised screening, a pronounced north-west/south-east gradient in infection prevalence was found across France for both genotype groups, with hotspots located at the border with Italy, Spain and Switzerland.CONCLUSION Opportunistic screening is associated with systematic inflation of HR HPV infection prevalence
La ville espagnole aux Antilles au xvie siècle : entre utopie et réalité
No full textInternational audienceThis article deals with the Spanish cities of the Caribbean in the 16th century through the maps and legal regulations introduced by the authorities. More specifically, it’s a question of capturing the models of inspiration of the Caribbean cities and to analyse what the experience of the Antilles has brought to an urban model that would later be duplicated throughout the Americas. Spanish urban settlements in the West Indies predate the major legal texts.Este artículo se centra en las ciudades españolas del Caribe en el siglo XVI a través de los mapas y reglamentos elaborados por las autoridades. Más precisamente, se trata de entender los modelos que inspiraron las ciudades caribeñas y analizar lo que la experiencia de las Antillas aportó a un modelo urbano que después se reprodujo en todas las Américas. Los asentamientos urbanos españoles en las Antillas eran anteriores a los principales textos de ley.Cet article traite des villes espagnoles de la Caraïbe au xvie siècle à travers les cartes et textes réglementaires qui ont été produits par les autorités. Il s’agit plus précisément de saisir les modèles d’inspiration des villes caribéennes et d’analyser ce que l’expérience des Antilles a apporté à un modèle urbain qui aurait été dupliqué à l’échelle des Amériques ensuite. Les implantations urbaines espagnoles des Antilles précèdent en effet les grands textes de loi
Exploration of Hiptage (Malpighiaceae) diversity in Vietnam reveals a new species with wingless fruits
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/613559/)International audienceHiptage (Malpighiaceae) is a genus almost exclusively native to Asia, with a single species, Hiptage benghalensis, being a noxious invasive plant in several areas of the world and particularly threatening the native flora of the Mascarene Islands. Whereas 17 Hiptage species have been reported from Vietnam, there is currently no available genetic information that could be used to confirm the species diversity in the country. Through a study combining phylogenetic and morphological analyses of newly-collected samples and herbarium specimens, we were able to accurately identify five Hiptage species in Vietnam. One of these, Hiptage aptera, represents a species new to science. Specimens of the new species show white to slightly pink petals, erect to forward-curved petals, eight tiny calyx glands and wingless fruits, a unique feature within this genus. Our results strongly support Vietnam as one of the diversity centres of the Hiptage genus with 18 species out of the 48 species. Although we could not determine the source of introduction of Hiptage in the Mascarenes Archipelago, our findings highlight the genetic similarity of all Hiptage benghalensis samples collected in its secondary distribution areas, suggesting a probable single introduction. This is consistent with historical reports dating the plant's introduction to the Mascarenes to the 18th century
Descending from trees: a Cretaceous winged ice-crawler illuminates the ecological shift and origin of Grylloblattidae
No full textInternational audienceExtant ice-crawlers (Notoptera: Grylloblattidae) are wingless, grounddwelling, relict, polyneopteran insects that live in Holarctic cold environments. Their closest living relatives are the similarly apterous bush-crawlers (Notoptera: Mantophasmatodea) from southern Africa, forming together a disjunct bipolar distribution. Meanwhile, numerous winged fossil insects have been assigned to Grylloblattodea, though the lack of defining synapomorphies has complicated efforts to clarify the evolutionary relationships between these fossils and modern wingless ice-crawlers. Here, we report a well preserved winged ice-crawler, Zygogrylloblatta longipalpa gen. et sp. nov., from the Albian/Cenomanian of northern Myanmar (ca 99 Ma). Zygogrylloblatta has the typical forewing venation of Mesozoic 'stem-Grylloblattodea', but also exhibits a unique unambiguous synapomorphy of extant Grylloblattidae in male genitalia (coxae IX with apical styli), making it the only fossil accurately related to crown-group Grylloblattidae. In contrast to ground-dwelling habits of extant ice-crawlers, Zygogrylloblatta has well developed wings, arolia and true foot pads, supporting a specialized arboreal lifestyle during the mid-Cretaceous. We demonstrate that Grylloblattidae diverged from some winged, arboreal ancestors prior to the mid-Cretaceous, bridging the gap between ancient stem-group and extant Grylloblattidae. Our results reveal previously unknown ecological and morphological diversity in early ice-crawlers and highlight the significance of transitional fossils in tracing the origin of this enigmatic insect lineage.</div