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Histoplasma antigenuria prevalence in patients with advanced HIV disease in Côte d'Ivoire: a prospective trial ancillary study
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Despite tuberculosis being a well-known concern in advanced HIV patients, the STATIS trial, which focused on its management, highlighted significant mortality rates. Histoplasmosis, a fungal disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, presents with similar clinical manifestations as of tuberculosis. Therefore, it may be prevalent and potentially responsible for deaths in advanced HIV patients in this region. We conducted an ancillary study of the STATIS trial to provide the first prevalence estimates of histoplasmosis among individuals with advanced HIV in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS: We analyzed urine samples from patients previously enrolled in the STATIS trial in Côte d'Ivoire. These ambulatory patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection, CD4 + T-cell counts <100/µL and eligible to ART were randomized to receive either systematic or test-guided tuberculosis treatment. We performed Histoplasma Antigen Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) on their urine samples. RESULTS: The prevalence of Histoplasma antigenuria was 68/280 (24.3%; 95%CI: 19.5-29.8), including 52/280 (18.6%, 95%CI: 14.3-23.7) symptomatic patients. Of 22 tuberculosis cases documented at inclusion, 8 (36.4%) also had Histoplasma antigenuria. In patients who died within the 48-week follow-up, the prevalence of Histoplasma antigenuria was 15/42 (35.7%, 95%CI: 22.0-52.0), compared with 22.3% (95%CI: 17.3-28.2) in those surviving. These survivors had a higher body mass index, CD4 + T-cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count than those who died. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Histoplasma antigenuria was comparable to that of tuberculosis, and histoplasmosis was potentially responsible for preventable deaths. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and promote screening strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
« Connecting conflicts: music and war between Italy and Estonia»
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to create a linking trajectory among musical experiences in Italy and Estonia. Even if they actually are two different cultural contexts, some close aspects can be found going deeply in their observation. One of these aspects is the musical reaction to the war. The sad event of the struggle often gave birth to great musical masterpiece, in other corners of the world too. In this case, I propose to focus on World War II, where we can find two interesting works that represent an important step in their composers’ evolution: Coro di morti by the Italian composer Goffredo Petrassi (1904-2003) and Requiem for Fallen Soldiers (Reekviem langenud sõduritele) by the Estonian (then naturalised Swedish citizen) Eduard Tubin (1905-1982). Both works were inspired by war, even if the one by Petrassi was written in 1941 and the other by Tubin was started in 1950 and finished in 1979. Petrassi’s composition is affected by some musical features and choices related to the dreadful event, belonging to a general existential distress. Tubin’s score reveals the particular suffering for his country liberation process: this feeling seems to be shown considering the long composition period he took to finish this work, 19 years. The comparison between these two compositions highlights similar choices related to their common inspiration. The results show a less explored research path that could help to include other “war compositions” written during the 20th century or even later, to create a kind of cartography. In addition to this subject, we can find an additional link between Petrassi and Tubin about folk music influences on their manner, in particular steps of their composition activity. It is not only the biographical and chronological aspects that allows us to find parallelism between the two composers but also some musical features coming from common trajectories and misfortunes of the Western cultural life
Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities
No full textInternational audienceUnraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients. Specifically, the relationship is more negative at low latitudes and in moist conditions but is unimodal at high latitudes and in arid conditions. The negative association of EcM tree proportion on species diversity at low latitudes and in humid conditions is likely due to more negative plant-soil microbial interactions in these regions. These findings extend our knowledge on the mechanisms shaping global patterns in plant species diversity from a belowground view
L'accès à l'eau au-delà du réseau : la (é)appropriation de pratiques traditionnelles de l'eau en Martinique
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Nouveaux signalements de Coléoptères pour les îles des Antilles françaises (Insecta, Coleoptera)
No full textInternational audienceThis article lists and details 119 new faunal records for one or more islands in the French West Indies: 2 species reported for the first time from Saint-Barthélemy, 11 for Saint-Martin, 22 for the Guadeloupe archipelago and 84 for Martinique. A total of 26 families are concerned, mainly Curculionidae (32 species including 25 Scolytinae); Chrysomelidae (16 species); Carabidae (7 species); Dytiscidae (7 species) and Nitidulidae (6 species). Of these new records, 21 are the first to be reported in the French West Indies as a whole: Phelister rouzeti (Fairmaire, 1849) - Histeridae; Molosoma eggersi (Bernhauer, 1904) and Astenus cinctiventris (Sharp, 1886) - Staphylinidae; Carpophilus marginellus Motschulsky, 1858 - Nitidulidae; Brumoides foudrasii (Mulsant, 1850) and Clypeaspis trilineata (Mulsant, 1850) - Coccinellidae; Arthrolips fasciata (Erichson, 1842) - Corylophidae: Syphrea smithiana (Csiki, 1939), Erynephala texana (Schaeffer, 1932), Yingaresca brevivittata (Blake, 1968), Lysathia aenea Bechyné, 1959, Myochrous barbadensis BLAKE, 1947 and Deuteronoda suturalis (Lefèvre, 1878) - Chrysomelidae; Megaplatypus deyrollei (Chapuis, 1865), Acanthotomicus mimicus (Schedl, 1961), Ambrosiodmus devexulus (Wood, 1978), Coptoborus bellus BRIGHT & Torres, 2006, Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, 1937, Xyleborus geayi Hagedorn, 1905, Xyleborus parallelocollis Eggers, 1933 and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) - Curculionidae. There is also a new record for the island of Saint Lucia: Episcirrus nocturnus (Chevrolat, 1880), Curculionidae. DNA barcodes (CO1) deposited in BOLD are provided for 35 of these species based on specimens from the French West Indies. A new synonymy is established for a Carabidae, based on the DNA barcode and morphology: Selenophorus maritimus Casey, 1914 = Selenophorus latior Darlington, 1934, n. syn. The new records from Guadeloupe include proportionally more introduced species and those from Martinique more species endemic to the Lesser Antilles.This finding is discussed in the light of past efforts and recent studies carried out in these two territories.Cet article recense et détaille 119 nouveaux signalements faunistiques pour une ou plusieurs îles des Antillesfrançaises : 2 espèces signalées pour la première fois de Saint-Barthélemy, 11 pour Saint-Martin, 22 pour l’archipel de Guadeloupe et 84 pour la Martinique. Au total, 26 familles sont concernées, avec principalement des Curculionidae (32 espèces dont 25 Scolytinae) ; des Chrysomelidae (16 espèces) ; des Carabidae (7 espèces) ; des Dytiscidae (7 espèces) et des Nitidulidae (6 espèces). Parmis ces nouveaux faunistiques, 21 sont des premiers signalements à l’échelle de l’ensemble des Antilles françaises : Phelister rouzeti (Fairmaire, 1849) - Histeridae ; Molosoma eggersi (Bernhauer, 1904) et Astenus cinctiventris (Sharp, 1886) - Staphylinidae ; Carpophilus marginellus Motschulsky, 1858 - Nitidulidae ; Brumoides foudrasii (Mulsant, 1850) et Clypeaspis trilineata (Mulsant, 1850) - Coccinellidae ; Arthrolips fasciata (Erichson, 1842) - Corylophidae ; Syphrea smithiana (Csiki, 1939), Erynephala texana (Schaeffer, 1932), Yingaresca brevivittata (BLAKE, 1968), Lysathia aenea Bechyné, 1959, Myochrous barbadensis BLAKE, 1947 et Deuteronoda suturalis (Lefèvre, 1878) - Chrysomelidae ; Megaplatypus deyrollei (Chapuis, 1865), Acanthotomicus mimicus (Schedl, 1961), Ambrosiodmus devexulus (Wood, 1978), Coptoborus bellus BRIGHT & Torres, 2006, Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, 1937, Xyleborus geayi Hagedorn, 1905, Xyleborus parallelocollis Eggers, 1933 et Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) - Curculionidae. S’y ajoute un nouveau signalement pour l’île de Sainte-Lucie : Episcirrus nocturnus (Chevrolat, 1880), Curculionidae. Des codes-barres ADN (CO1) déposés dans BOLD sont fournis pour 35 de ces espèces à partir de spécimens des Antilles françaises. Une synonymie nouvelle est établie pour un Carabidae, à partir du code-barres ADN et de la morphologie : Selenophorus maritimus Casey, 1914 = Selenophorus latior Darlington, 1934, n. syn. Les nouveaux signalements de Guadeloupe comportent proportionnellement plus d’espèces introduites et ceux de Martinique plus d’espèces endémiques des Petites Antilles. Ce constat est discuté au regard des efforts passés et des études récentes menées sur ces deux territoires
Seedling survival and growth phenology in a monocarpic tree species, Cerberiopsis candelabra (Apocynaceae)
No full textInternational audienceContext: Cerberiopsis candelabra Vieill., a species endemic to New Caledonia, is one of the world’s rare monocarpic trees. Juveniles of this species should exhibit high survival and growth rates, a selective advantage of the monocarpic strategy.Aims: We aimed to (1) quantify the survival and growth rates of C. candelabra juveniles over time and (2) Identify morpho-anatomical markers and temporal growth patterns to infer individual past development.Methods: Over 20 months, we monitored the monthly survival of 134 juveniles in a post-disturbance open forest edge. We recorded phytomer production, internode elongation, height growth and leaf area for each juvenile. At the monitoring end, three individuals were finely morpho-anatomically described node by node.Key results: Juvenile survival rate was 67.1%, with a density of over 7.83 individuals per square meter. Monthly mortality rates were higher during the warm-dry transitional season. Juveniles exhibited primary growth rates of up to 6.4 cm per month during the warm-wet season. Primary growth was continuous and secondary growth was seasonal, with visible growth ring boundaries forming during each cool-dry season.Conclusions: High seedling survival and growth rates could explain the ecological dominance of the species in large gaps. Development in C. candelabra is sensitive to New Caledonia’s climate seasonality.Implications: Analysis of annual growth patterns allows for inferring individuals’ past development and provides prospects for investigating ecological characteristics of the species
Mismatches between the current marine Natura 2000 network and seabird distributions call for enhanced protected areas off metropolitan France
No full textInternational audienceSeabirds are among the most threatened vertebrates, under pressure from fisheries bycatch, climate change, overfishing, and human disturbance. In France, demographic studies have highlighted adult survival as a key factor in population trends, which calls for large-scale marine conservation efforts. In this context, the Natura 2000 policy requires the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) to protect seabirds under the Birds Directive. To assess the completeness of the French marine SPA network, data from aerial, boat, and coastal surveys, as well as tracking devices and distribution models, were collected for 57 seabird taxa. This data collection allowed the EU minimum criteria for a coherent SPA network to be spatially implemented, and the most ecologically valuable areas for seabirds around metropolitan France to be identified and prioritised, and overlaid with the current French SPA network and Marine Important Bird Areas (mIBAs) to identify potential inconsistencies. This analysis revealed seabird hotspots outside the existing ecological network, confirming some insufficiencies for coherent seabird conservation. Although data dependent, this analysis highlighted the limitations of using global proportion coverage to assess network coherence when coverage of biodiversity and abundance hotspots was not achieved. Furthermore, these results summarised the main target areas for policy makers to effectively improve seabird conservation around metropolitan France. In a context of increasing demands for marine spatial planning, improvements in this knowledge, the SPA network and conservation actions are required
Corrigendum to 'Pervasive crustal reworking along the proto-Andean margin of northern Peru and southern Ecuador: Insights from U-Pb, geochemical, and isotopic analyses of zircon' [J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 158 (2025) 105502]
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La croche : l’invention contrariée d’une tradition réunionnaise ?
No full textInternational audienceCette communication saisit les ressorts de la résurgence de la croche réunionnaise et desdifficultés ou obstacles à sa valorisation en tant que patrimoine réunionnais. Pour se faire,l’analyse s’appuie sur des sources documentaires et netnographiques produites par sesrevivificateurs, des entretiens et des observations.Fin du XIXème - début XXème siècles, la croche est un jeu de corps à corps pratiqué pardes enfants, des adolescents et des jeunes adultes. L’activité se raréfie au cours du second XXèmesiècle, voire disparaît à partir des années 1970, alors que l’État français développe lesinfrastructures publiques et les équipements sportifs à La Réunion (Combeau-Mari, 2003) etque les sports occidentaux y deviennent hégémoniques. Au début du XXIème siècle, après avoiropéré une démarche mémorielle pour retracer l’histoire de l’activité, ses revivificateurscontribuent à sa rénovation – qu’ils revendiquent comme sportive et patrimoniale.Pourtant, cette revivification ne semble pas satisfaire à l’ensemble des objectifs des rénovateurs,en particulier en matière d’identité patrimoniale. Aussi la sportivisation ne suffit pas à garantirle devenir de la pratique et n’engendre pas nécessairement l’invention d’une tradition locale.De fait, si les représentations véhiculées dans les discours des acteurs laissent l’opportunitéd’identifications multiples, ils se présentent surtout comme des allants de soi patrimoniaux(Épron & Violette, 2022). En ce sens, ils semblent hypothéquer la construction et lareconnaissance d’un patrimoine créole et/ou réunionnais. Ainsi nous montrerons que la fragilitéde son statut et de sa communauté mémoriels, l’absence de technique de combat distinctive,l’échec de l’invention de tradition (Hobsbawm & Ranger, 1983), la complexité des stratesidentitaires à La Réunion (Médéa, 2003), le manque de soutien politique et la concurrence dumoring (Combeau-Mari, 2013) expliquent le maintien de la croche dans une dimensionconfidentielle, peu reconnue dans les représentations collectives.Ainsi, le cas de la croche montre que la revendication patrimoniale n’est paspatrimonialisation de fait, et que la notion même de patrimoine identitaire est soumise à uneforme de mythification.BibliographieCombeau-Mari E. (2003). « Les premiers équipements sportifs à La Réunion : une politique del’État (1956-1971) », Staps, 61, 2 : 25-37.Combeau-Mari E. (2013). « Moraingy, mrenge, moring : Permanence et ré-invention despratiques traditionnelles de combat dans les îles de l'Océan Indien : Madagascar, Mayotte,Réunion. », Staps, 101, 3 (2013) : 69-80.Épron A., Violette L. (2022). « L'échec de la sportivisation d'une lutte traditionnelle : larevivification de la croche réunionnaise ». Communication, Autopsie de l'échec sportif.Regards historiques. 20e Carrefours d'Histoire du Sport (SFHS), Limoges.Hobsbawm E. & Ranger T., eds (1983). The invention of tradition, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.Médéa L. (2003). « La construction identitaire dans la société réunionnaise », Journal desanthropologues 92-93 : 261-281
Local knowledge and farmers’ capacity of experimentation as a lever of adaptation to climate change. How ethnography can be articulate within an action research program (CLIPSSA)?: How ethnography can be articulate within an action research program (CLIPSSA)?
No full textInternational audienceThe islands of the South Pacific are among the most exposed territories to climate change, but they are also areas of experimentation at the forefront of the fight against this phenomenon. These territories have resources embedded to their geographical, socio-cultural and ecological diversity, which can feed local, regional and national strategies for adapting to climate change.We'll be looking at localized resources such as local knowledge linked to agricultural practices: how can this knowledge be a resource for coping with climate change? How are they built, adapted, transmitted and how do they evolve? These questions are at the heart of the CLIPSSA project (Pacific Climate, Local Knowledge and Adaptation Strategies), deployed over 5 years (2022-2026) in four pacific territories: New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna.More specifically, we will look at empiricism as a fundamental resource for adapting local knowledge and farming practices to cope with climate change in French Polynesia. There are many learning channels (family, professional, specialized groups, trainings, IT tools, etc.) mobilized in different ways by farmers (Richez, 2024). Among them, empiricism, a method that relies on concrete experience, has been identified as a method for testing new practices, adjusting them, or even developing them within the farm. In some cases, new practices implemented through empiricism have even been disseminated, through informal observation and transmission, to other farmers.From qualitative surveys conducted with farmers on the Tahiti peninsula and in Moorea, we will examine the following questions: to what extent is empiricism a resource mobilized by farmers? Is it widespread, or confined to a few expert figures? Does it facilitate the hybridization of knowledge, specifically the hybridation of scientific knowledge with local knowledge systems? And at least, how can they be supported by public policies to help them adapt to climate change