HAL Université des Antilles
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Contact de langues et de cultures aux Antilles
No full textInternational audienceLes Antilles françaises offrent un terrain privilégié pour interroger les dynamiques de contact entre langues et cultures.Cet atelier propose d’explorer cette richesse dans une perspective sociolinguistique et didactique, à travers une première partie théorique et une seconde orientée vers la pratique pédagogique. L’introduction mettra en lumière les enjeux historiques, sociolinguistiques et identitaires du contact entre le français et le créole, dans un contexte postcolonial marqué par les politiques linguistiques, les représentations sociales et les pratiques hybrides du quotidien. S’appuyant sur des documents authentiques, l’atelier fera découvrir la créativité linguistique présente dans l’espace antillais.Ces supports serviront de base pour discuter de la manière dont cette diversité peut nourrir des séquences de FLE ancrées dans la réalité des francophonies plurielles. La partie pratique consistera à analyser ces supports en petits groupes, à imaginer des activités transposables en classe, et à réfléchir aux objectifs didactiques mobilisables : compréhension interculturelle, expression orale/écrite, sensibilisation au plurilinguisme. En refaisant le lien entre les langues et les contextes qui les façonnent, l’atelier vise à enrichir la boite à outils des enseignant(e)s et à transmettre une vision décentrée et vivante de la francophonie
Nest Exposure to Marine Flooding and Impacts on Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Embryos Under Rapid Sea Level Rise: The Role of Beach Geomorphology and Hydrodynamics
No full textInternational audienceClimate change-induced sea-level rise increases the risk of sea turtles' nests being flooded which could threaten their populations. However, impacts on embryonic development remain limited, and the mechanisms driving nest flooding are still poorly understood. Our multidisciplinary study aimed to determine the geomorphological and hydrodynamic factors exposing nests to flooding, and to better understand the effects of flooding on embryonic development under natural conditions. The research was conducted on Mayotte Island (France, Indian Ocean), where a seismic crisis between 2018 and 2020 caused subsidence, resulting in a relative rise in sea level. Thirty green turtle nests on a primary nesting reef beach were monitored from March to June 2022 using pressure sensors to measure flooding. The hydrodynamics were measured, and the beach morphology was mapped. Approximately 30% of the nests were flooded, mainly due to their relatively low position on the beach, with the flooding likely to have been influenced by water level fluctuations related to the tidal cycle. The early and late incubation phases were particularly sensitive to flooding. Emergence success was 1% for flooded nests, significantly lower than 85% for non-flooded nests. This study provides new insights and reveals that under natural conditions, nests are more sensitive to flooding than previously reported in controlled laboratory studies. However, flooding does not always directly impact embryonic mortality; other related factors may be involved, requiring further research
Clinical management of bleeding manifestations in a family with the thrombomodulin C1611>A (p.Cys537Stop) mutation
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Management of Major Orthopaedic Surgery in a Patient With the Rare Thrombomodulin c.1611C>a Mutation: A Case of an Uncommon Bleeding Disorder
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Snapshots of Coral Reef Biodiversity
No full textInternational audienceCoral reefs are sanctuaries for a large portion of our planet’s biodiversity, but their rapid decline begs critical questions about what exactly is being lost, what driving forces determine decline or resilience, and what implications for life on Earth. To help address these questions, this chapter synthesizes the state of knowledge on the diversity of coral reef life forms at different scales of biological and ecological organization, encompassing variability in genes, biomolecules, cells, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, socio-ecosystems, and biogeoclimatic systems, with a particular focus on French tropical overseas. We discuss research pathways to address knowledge gaps in various scientific disciplines, covering genetics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), morphology, ethology, bioacoustics, demography, functional ecology, macro-ecology, landscape ecology, human and social sciences, bioclimatology, and their cross-disciplinary interactions. Based on contributions from coral reef experts working in different coral reef regions around the world, our synthesis supports a better understanding of the various dimensions of coral reef biodiversity and proposes future research orientations for improving knowledge and conservation. Given the rapid disappearance of coral reefs and how much is still unknown, this chapter underscores the urgency of cross-scale biodiversity assessments for a systemic understanding of the distribution and dynamics of biodiversity
Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 9. Anatomy of a rising thermal plume
No full textInternational audienceThe dynamic Stern layer petrophysical model can be used to interpret field induced polarization data and can be applied to both magmatic (volcanic and igneous) rocks and sediments. Thanks to it, field-scale tomograms of conductivity and normalized chargeability can be transformed into tomograms of porosity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and temperature. Fur ther more, kilometer-scale galvanometric induced-polarization surveys are nowadays doable thanks to the recent development of independent stations measuring the primary and secondary electrical fields. This approach reduces capacitive and inductive coupling effects inherent to systems based on long cables and allow for deeper investigations. We apply here this combined methodology (novel equipment and revised petrophysical model) to a geothermal prospect located at Mashyuza, Republic of Rwanda, in Eastern Africa. At this site, the rifting activity led to the occurrence of an extensional regime favouring the occurrence of a rising thermal plume at the intersection between two faults. The existence of this plume is expressed at the ground surface by the presence of a hot spring at a temperature of ∼52 • C (a well nearby provides a temperature of ∼65 • C). A time-domain large-scale induced polarization survey is performed. The current source signal is produced by a VIP-5000 squared signal injector and injection current values range from 1 to 4 A, with stacking of 1 s on-off signals ranging from 100 to 300 stacks to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The size of the 3-D array is ∼1.5 km and allows a tomography down to a depth of ∼300 m. The data are inverted with the deterministic least-square technique, penalizing the roughness of the resulting tomograms. The conductivity and normalized chargeability tomograms are combined to get the temperature, porosity and CEC distributions. The temperature distribution is consistent with the temperature of the hot spring and well. The results are interpreted in terms of ground water flow pattern and dilution of the mineralized thermal water with the fresher surface meteoric water. The survey images a rising plume of warm water from a depth of at least 300 m along intersecting fracture systems
Préface
No full textInternational audienceCe texte introduit la question des inégalités scolaires en contexte ultramarin. L'auteur retrace l'histoire récente du débat autour de la réussite scolaire en expliquant l'impact exercé par les approches écosystémiques et interactionnistes, notamment en France. Il montre que les contextes les plus marginalisés (dont les Outre-mer et les territoires postcoloniaux) méritent d'être mieux étudiés et que peu de travaux ont analysé en profondeur l'impact qui y a exercé l'héritage colonial sur la structure scolaire et sur le bien être et la réussite des élèves
: 戴高樂與帝國野心：法國、阿爾及利亞、安的列斯群島（1954-1974）
No full textInternational audienceBy comparing the testimonies of soldiers from the West Indies and the Vosges, Guadeloupean historian Karine Sitcharn presents a unique perspective on the Algerian War: a conflict that shaped the politicisation and identity formation of conscripts. At the same time, General de Gaulle, in defining what it means to be French, decided which territories would remain part of the nation and which would be decolonised due to a lack of ‘Frenchness’. Faced with American and Soviet hegemony, the General intended to make France's voice heard loud and clear in the world. With special authorisation, the author, who has combed through Jacques Foccart's ‘top secret’ archives on overseas territories, plunges us into the heart of a raison d'état determined to preserve French power. In the years 1950-1970, a globalised space opened up to social movements: peasants, workers and students took centre stage in social and political life. May 1967 in Guadeloupe and May 1968 in France were the standard-bearers of these ‘struggles and dreams’. Through investigation and testimony, from the perspective of both women and men, the author reveals genuine escapes from the bonds of domination.Al comparar los testimonios de soldados originarios de las Antillas y los Vosgos, la historiadora guadalupeña Karine Sitcharn presenta una visión inédita de la guerra de Argelia: un conflicto que moldea la politización y la construcción identitaria de los reclutas. Al mismo tiempo, el general De Gaulle, al definir lo que es un francés, decide qué territorios permanecerán dentro del ámbito nacional y cuáles serán descolonizados por su déficit de «francesidad». Frente al hegemonismo estadounidense y soviético, el general pretende hacer oír la voz de Francia en el mundo. Con una autorización excepcional, la autora, que ha examinado los archivos clasificados como «alto secreto» de Jacques Foccart sobre los territorios de ultramar, nos sumerge en el corazón de una razón de Estado decidida a preservar el poder francés. En los años 1950-1970, se abre un espacio globalizado a los movimientos sociales: campesinos, obreros y estudiantes ocupan así el primer plano de la escena social y política. Mayo de 1967 en Guadalupe y mayo de 1968 en Francia son los abanderados de estas «luchas y sueños». A través de la investigación y el testimonio, a la altura de mujeres y hombres, la autora revela verdaderas escapadas hermosas en las relaciones de dominación.En confrontant les témoignages de soldats originaires des Antilles et des Vosges, l’historienne guadeloupéenne Karine Sitcharn présente une vision inédite de la guerre d’Algérie : un conflit qui façonne la politisation et la construction identitaire des appelés. Au même moment, le général de Gaulle, en définissant ce qu’est un Français, décide des territoires qui resteront dans le giron national et de ceux qui seront décolonisés, par déficit de « francité ». Face à l’hégémonisme américain et soviétique, le Général entend porter haut la voix de la France dans le monde. Munie d’une autorisation exceptionnelle, l’autrice, qui a dépouillé les archives tamponnées « très secret » de Jacques Foccart sur l’outre-mer, nous plonge au cœur d’une raison d’État résolue à préserver la puissance française. En ces années 1950-1970, un espace mondialisé s’ouvre aux mouvements sociaux : paysans, ouvriers, étudiants occupent ainsi le devant de la scène sociale et politique. Mai 1967 en Guadeloupe, mai 1968 en France sont les porte-drapeaux de ces « luttes et de ces rêves ». Par l’enquête et le témoignage, à hauteur de femmes et d’hommes, l’autrice dévoile de véritables échappées belles dans les rapports de domination.Ao comparar os testemunhos de soldados originários das Antilhas e dos Vosges, a historiadora guadalupense Karine Sitcharn apresenta uma visão inédita da Guerra da Argélia: um conflito que molda a politização e a construção identitária dos recrutas. Ao mesmo tempo, o general De Gaulle, ao definir o que é ser francês, decide quais territórios permanecerão sob o domínio nacional e quais serão descolonizados, por falta de «francesidade». Face ao hegemonismo americano e soviético, o general pretende fazer ouvir a voz da França no mundo. Munida de uma autorização excecional, a autora, que analisou os arquivos classificados como «muito secretos» de Jacques Foccart sobre os territórios ultramarinos, mergulha-nos no coração de uma razão de Estado determinada a preservar o poder francês. Nos anos 1950-1970, um espaço globalizado se abre para os movimentos sociais: camponeses, operários e estudantes ocupam assim o centro do palco social e político. Maio de 1967 na Guadalupe e maio de 1968 na França são os porta-estandartes dessas «lutas e sonhos». Através de investigação e testemunhos, tanto de mulheres como de homens, a autora revela verdadeiras escapadelas nas relações de dominação.瓜德羅普歷史學家卡琳·西查恩透過對比來自安的列斯群島和孚日山區的士兵證詞，呈現了阿爾及利亞戰爭的全新視角：這場衝突塑造了應徵入伍者的政治化與身份認同建構。與此同時，戴高樂將軍在定義何謂法國人的同時，也決定了哪些領土將保留在國家版圖內，哪些領土因缺乏「法國性」而將被去殖民化。面對美國和蘇聯的霸權主義，將軍決意讓法國的聲音在世界上響亮起來。作者獲得了特殊授權，查閱了雅克·福卡爾關於海外領土的「極秘」檔案，將我們帶入了一個決心維護法國強權的國家理性核心。在1950至1970年間，全球化浪潮為社會運動打開了空間：農民、工人、學生因此成為社會和政治舞台的主角。1967年5月的瓜德羅普島和1968年5月的法國，正是這些「鬥爭與夢想」的旗幟。作者透過調查與證詞，以男女平等的視角，揭示了統治關係中真正的美好突破
