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Underestimated vascular dysfunction is a critical feature of the impaired cardiovascular profile in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis
No full textInternational audienceAmyloidosis is a systemic disease initiated by deposition of misfolded proteins in the extracellular space, which affects multiple organs concomitantly. Cardiac amyloidosis is, however, the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population due to infiltrative/restrictive cardiomyopathy. The two most common forms of cardiac amyloidosis are immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Whereas cardiac involvement determines the prognosis in both AL and ATTR, vascular involvement is common and may contribute to the impaired cardiovascular profile in these patients. Several works in the literature suggest that the vascular mechanisms that control circulatory function are impaired in patients with ATTR. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction in patients with ATTR. We also discuss the complex interplay of these mechanisms, including characteristics of the haemodynamic profile of heart vessels and pulmonary and peripheral arteries. Vascular dysfunction features, including stiffness and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, are discussed along with the impact of regulation of systemic ATTR on microcirculation blood flow. The specific role of the metaboreflex is also depicted. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical impact of therapies on vascular dysfunction associated with systemic ATTR. A specific focus is made on the beneficial effect of training in patients with systemic ATTR. Overall, this review aims to highlight the critical role of vascular dysfunction in patients with systemic ATTR
Spectral indices and classifications of multispectral images for vector risk mapping
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615037/)International audienc
Relation fonctionnelle entre agriculture et vulnérabilité macroéconomique
No full textInternational audienceLe rôle controversé de l'agriculture structure des décennies de débats théoriques en économie développement. Si la révolution industrielle est ancrée dans l'agriculture, les stratégies d'intégration internationale des pays en développement mettent diversement en évidence le piège de la spécialisation appauvrissante selon les termes de Bhagwati (1958) ou la détérioration des termes de l'échange (Singer, 1950 ; Prebisch, 1959, Emmanuel, 1969). Le renouvellement des approches à travers le concept multidimensionnel de vulnérabilité (économique, social, environnement, politique) tente de reconsidérer le débat sur la relation entre la structure des échanges, la spécialisation productive et la vulnérabilité macroéconomique. Les caractéristiques structurelles du secteur agricole sont des facteurs intrinsèques de vulnérabilité selon Briguglio (1995), Briguglio et al. (2009) ; UN (1998, 2008). La plupart des analyses plaident implicitement en faveur du poids de l'agriculture dans la création d’une vulnérabilité macroéconomique. Néanmoins, aucune relation fonctionnelle ne soutient cette proposition d’autant qu’un point de vue récent propose que l'agriculture fonde une résilience macroéconomique (FAO 2011 ; Morkunas et al. 2018 ; Blancard et al. 2021)
Tidal Height Normalization (THN) – A new method to study the local vertical distribution of benthic intertidal organisms: Tidal Height Normalization
No full textInternational audienceVertical zonation of intertidal benthic organisms is a key concept in marine ecology, strongly influenced by tidal range, which determines habitat availability. However, there is no standardized methodology to quantitatively measure and compare zonation across sites with varying tidal influences. However, under different tidal regimes, a given height on the shore will not experience the same emersion times, leading to differences in the vertical distribution of intertidal organisms across sites. To address this, we developed an innovative indicator, Tidal Height Normalization (THN), which normalizes the heights of canopy-forming macroalgae relative to local tidal reference (mean sea level). Six species of Fucales were targeted in four sites representing three different macro- and megatidal regimes. A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipped with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning was used to record centimetric elevation data for 4,790 individuals across the four sites. THN redefines the intertidal zone on a scale from 1 to -1. By normalizing the tidal effect, THN highlights local colonization patterns, with three main groups of species, under the influence of site-specific environmental drivers such as hydrodynamics and geomorphology. This approach provides a new baseline for studying intertidal zonation, offering a normalized and transferable method applicable to diverse coastal environments
Innovativité produit et digitalisation des ventes. Une étude dans le contexte des entreprises familiales.
No full textInternational audienc
Historical Land Use Drives Present Microbial Community Assembly in an Extreme Environment
No full textData Availability Statement: Sequencing data are available in the SRA GenBank repository under project PRJNA1028866, Biosamples SAMN37854590 to SAMN37854744.International audienceThe extent to which past disturbances influence present-day microbial composition and assembly remains poorly understood, especially in extreme environments such as deserts. Using a phylogenetic framework of diversity partitioning, linked to soil composition, we aimed to disentangle the impacts of past disturbance on present-day bacterial and fungal communities, where we also distinguish abundant and rare taxa. Our findings demonstrate that past agricultural activity promoted strong phylogenetic clustering and turnover, accompanied by increased phylogenetic diversity and niche width, reflecting the influence of transient resource availability and niche diversification. Conversely, long-term disturbances reduced phylogenetic diversity and niche width while amplifying selection processes and phylogenetic turnover. These patterns indicate intensified abiotic constraints in this system, where historical contingencies-characterised by enduring drought-wetting cycles-differentially shaped bacterial and fungal communities. Rare taxa were more sensitive to land use and deterministic, while abundant taxa showed broader niche adaptability and stochastic influences, highlighting the need for targeted conservation strategies. This work highlights the critical role of historical disturbances in shaping microbial assembly, provides actionable insights into enhancing desert ecosystem resilience and informing sustainable restoration practices. Si content-a key driver of phylogenetic turnover-could be targeted for ecosystem recovery and conservation strategies in degraded arid regions.</div
Le care à l’épreuve de l’intersectionnalité
No full textInternational audiencePrendre en compte l’intersectionnalité (articulation, imbrication, consubstantialité et coextensivité des rapports sociaux) dans le care revient à se demander qui fait quelle recherche sur le care et en visibilisant quel public. Il faut considérer les rapports sociaux de sexe, mais aussi ceux de classe et de race, sans oublier l’âge, le validisme, les sexualités, les rapports Nord/Sud marqués par la colonisation, l’esclavage et les migrations néolibérales, voire les rapports urbain/rural plus ou moins visibles selon les pays. Ces rapports doivent être saisis dans leur aspect dynamique, leurs expressions concrètes au sein de contextes sociohistoriques divers, mais aussi au prisme du vécu individuel, des représentations et des discours qui en témoignent. Un regard intersectionnel sur le care scrute à la fois les personnes employées et les employeuses, l’exploitation de celles-là faisant le confort de celles-ci dans un paradoxe de l’égalité qui construit l’épanouissement des unes sur l’oppression des autres. Penser le care intersectionnel, c’est considérer le soin des personnes en situation de maltraitance, de souffrance, de fragilité, de vulnérabilité ; c’est reconnaître les besoins en care, qu’ils soient exprimés ou non, en fonction des catégories sociales étudiées, du marché et du contexte
L'expérience sensible dans les enseignements basés sur les effets de contextes
No full textInternational audienceBased on a workshop held during the study day “The place of the body in face-to-face and distance tertiary education” which took place on November 22, 2023 at the HEP in Vaud, this chapter aims to introduce some concepts linked to the field of didactic contextualization, in its relations with the sensitive world, more particularly those relating to teaching based on the effects of contexts. The latter, tested through national and international research programs, have shown their effectiveness fostering learning and development of intercultural skills. We will draw on work carried out in Guadeloupe within the CRREF (research unit “contexts, research and resources in education and training” based in the INSPÉ of the academies of Guadeloupe and Martinique) as well as on the experience of participants from the workshop who were led to live an experience leading to contextual effects and invited to share moments, personal or professional in which they experienced these effects.En se basant sur un atelier programmé lors de la journée d’études « La place du corps dans l’enseignement tertiaire en présentiel et à distance » qui s’est déroulée le 22 novembre 2023 à la HEP de Vaud, l’objectif de ce chapitre est d’introduire quelques concepts liés au champ de la contextualisation didactique, dans ses relations avec le monde sensible, plus particulièrement ceux relatifs aux enseignements basés sur les effets de contextes. Ces derniers, expérimentés lors de programmes de recherche nationaux et internationaux, ont montré leur efficacité en termes d’apprentissage et de développement des compétences interculturelles. Nous nous appuierons sur des travaux menés en Guadeloupe au sein du CRREF (unité de recherche « Contextes, Recherches et Ressources en Éducation et Formation » implantée au sein des INSPÉ des académies de Guadeloupe et de Martinique) mais également sur l’expérience des participants de l’atelier qui ont été amenés à vivre une expérience menant à des effets de contextes et invités à partager des moments, personnels ou professionnels dans lesquels ils ont vécu ces effets
Growth Patterns of Reef-Building Porites Species in the Remote Clipperton Atoll Reef
No full textInternational audienceRemote reefs offer insights into natural coral dynamics, influenced by regional environmental factors and climate change fluctuations. Clipperton Atoll is the eastern tropical Pacific’s most isolated reef, where coral reef growth and life strategies have been poorly studied so far. Recognizing the coral species’ growth response might help understand ecological dynamics and the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on coastal reefs. The present study evaluates annual coral growth parameters of the most abundant coral reef-building species, Porites australiensis, Porites arnaudi, Porites lutea, and Porites lobata. The results showed that during 2015–2019, corals exhibited the lowest annual linear extension (0.65 ± 0.29 cm yr−1), skeletal density (1.14 ± 0.32 g cm−3), and calcification rates (0.78 ± 0.44 g cm−2 yr−1) for the genera along the Pacific. Differences in growth patterns among species were observed, with Porites lutea and Porites lobata showing a higher radial extension, developing massive-hemispherical morphologies, and acting as structural stabilizers; meanwhile, P. arnaudi and P. australiensis exhibited more skeletal compaction but also with a high plasticity on their morphologies, contributing to benthic heterogeneity. These differences are particularly important as each species fulfills different ecological functions within the reef, contributing to the ecosystem balance and enhancing the relevance of the massive species in the physical structure of remote reef systems, such as Clipperton Atoll