Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Scourge of Ages: African Union’s Peace and Security Council (PSC) Interventions in Somalia and the Free Reign of Violence in Africa
Get PDFFor the draftsmen and composers of the African Union (AU), the organ of Peace and Security Council (PSC) is not only a clone of the Security Council of the United Nations; it is intended to give aggregate security and early-cautioning course of action against Africa's unlimited clashes and to encourage auspicious and proficient reaction. Also, the Constitutive Act and the Protocol on the PSC accommodate more vigorous engagement and significantly more noteworthy extension in examples of both between and intra-state clashes. Be that as it may, the intercessions of the PSC in some of Africa's auditoriums of contention have brought up central issues on how the organ plays out its triangular parts of contention anticipation, administration, and determination. With a unique spotlight on the Horn of Africa - the most unstable and seemingly a standout amongst the most hazardous districts on the planet, the paper expects to evaluate the difficulties confronting PSC mediation instruments, particularly the parts of the African Standby Force and its activities. The paper contends that the PSC must move past negligible talk of plan setting to more 'powerful or aggressive' engagement by fortifying its tasks. It at last backers’ proactive strategy choices on how its parts could be upgraded in the district. 
Human Rights Violation in Africa: A Critical Assessment of Rule of Law in Nigeria
Get PDFThe discourse about human rights violations has been a recurrence among scholars in Africa. This is because the lives of the African citizens particularly the Nigerians are been decimated and harassed on daily basis through nefarious acts. A bid to find out the magnitude of violation of human rights in Nigeria necessitated this study. Its central focus is to critically assess how rule of law in Nigeria has addressed human rights violations among the citizens. The study further ascertained the nature and level of violation of human rights amongst the citizens of Nigeria. The paper was anchored on both historical and analytical, as facts and figures were gathered from secondary sources using the content analysis method. Judging from the theoretical underpinning of this study, the Social Contract Theory of State stipulates that the rule of law is very important to human existence as it helps to regulate citizens’ actions and make them live harmoniously with each other as without the presence of law, it will be impossible if not difficult for the citizens to get access to basic amenities of life. It was observed that the failure to strictly adhere to the principles of rule of law has resulted in human rights violations which are evident in violation of the right to life, freedom of expression among others. It was therefore concluded that the principle of rule of law if imbibed and practised irrespective of social status, religion or ethnic grouping will engender a peaceful and harmonious nation. 
Benefits of a Smart Building Design in Public Library Facilities, Lagos State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study refers to the benefits in the adoption of a smart building design in public library facilities, Lagos State, Nigeria. Public libraries in Lagos serve as vital resources for education, information, and community activities. However, challenges such as outdated infrastructure, limited financial resources and varying levels of technological literacy among the community need to be addressed to ensure successful integration. The study examined the practicality, benefits, challenges, costs associated with integrating smart technologies and infrastructure such as smart lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems, occupancy sensors, energy management systems etc. The research methodology present in this study was sampling technique and sampling procedure, sampling frame, instrument for data collection, and data analysis techniques. The study discussed public library facilities, the criteria for categorization smart buildings, basic smart devices needed in public library buildings, problems and solutions identified with public library buildings in Lagos. The findings of this study indicated that introducing smart building design for a public library facility offers several notable benefits which include significant energy savings, improved indoor environmental quality, enhanced user experience through personalized services, and efficient space utilization. Moreover, smart building features enable real-time monitoring and data analytics for informed decision-making and maintenance. However, the challenges that needs to be addressed during the assessment process include high upfront costs, interoperability and data security concerns, potential disruptions during the transition phase, and the need of training staff to utilize the new technologies effectively. Overall, with careful planning, stakeholder involvement, and appropriate fundings, the library can embrace smart technologies to enhance its operational efficiency, user experience, sustainability, and contribute positively to the surrounding community
Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Powder Factor and Energy Factor in Blast Design
Get PDFBlast design is critical to blasting operations' cost efficiency and productivity. A key factor in estimating the cost efficiency of a blast design is the powder factor, which measures the volume of rocks fragmented by a unit explosive. Debate on charge density's influence on blast productivity has led to assumptions that the energy generated by explosives should be considered rather than the mass. Thus, this study aims to compare the influence of energy and powder factors on blast design and determine the most appropriate approach to blast planning. Data obtained from existing quarries were the burden, drilled-hole diameter, spacing, drilled-hole depth, mass of explosives, stemming, number of holes blasted, and the uniaxial compressive strength. These data were used to estimate the power and energy factors. Multivariable regression analysis was used to predict burden using drilled-hole diameter, uniaxial compressive strength energy factor, and powder factor. The results show that the burden prediction model using energy factor has a coefficient of determinants (R2) value of 0.8741, a standard error of 0.24, and a significance factor of 3.47E-09., while the prediction involving powder factor value is 0.8781, the standard error is 0.24, and the significance factor is 2.52E-09. The study concluded that the powder and energy factors influence blast design similarly. However, in this study, the use of powder factor is recommended because of its ease of estimation
Experimental Assessment of Spectral Subtraction and Kalman Filtering Algorithm on Electricity Generator Noise Reduction in Wireless Communication System
Get PDFNoise corrupts, slows down, and reduces the clarity or accuracy of communication. It prevents an undistorted signal or message from being transmitted over wireless communication systems. To reduce noise in wireless communication channels, methods like spectral subtraction and Kalman filter can be used. Spectral subtraction uses its subtractive ability to remove noise in a noisy speech signal, while Kalman filter provides estimates of some unknown noise variables given the measurements observed over time. Therefore, this paper proposes an experimental assessment of both Spectral subtraction (SS) and Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithm for an electricity generator noise-corrupted speech signal over a wireless communication system at the receiver’s end. The proposed assessment was carried out using noisy speech signals obtained from a conventional mobile phone and the evaluation was carried out using generator noisy speech signals recorded in a workshop where a generator is been used while, the experimental assessment was performed using MATLAB software. The noise attenuation techniques evaluation was analysed using Mean Square Error (MSE), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), and Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI). The analysis revealed that Kalman filter performed better than spectral subtraction in reducing generator noise in wireless communication systems
Impact of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Emission in Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examines the impact of non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emission using an annual data spanning from 1980 to 2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model was employed. From the analysis, the co-integration results reveal that there is a long-run relationship between the variables under study. Furthermore, both the long-run and short-run Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimates unequivocally demonstrate that both economic growth and the non-renewable energy consumption exert statistically significant, and positive impacts on CO2 emissions. In essence, they jointly contribute to the observed increase in CO2 emissions over the study period. Based on the findings, it is recommended that adequate regulations, restrictions and innovative ways in fostering economic growth through energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources are implemented alongside policies from energy regulatory Commission and environmental protection agencies, to explore avenues to invest in, and promote, carbon-reducing technology in production processes to mitigate against the effects and degradation of the environment
Terrorism and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Get PDFTerrorism has emerged as a significant threat to global security and economic stability, with Nigeria experiencing its detrimental effects. This empirical study investigated the relationship between terrorism and economic growth in Nigeria. The study focused on the impact of terrorism on productivity in Nigeria, examining various aspects including economic growth, trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), manufacturing output, and other key indicators but with specific focus on economic growth. It highlighted the pervasive nature of terrorism in Nigeria, with various groups such as Boko Haram, ISIS, Fulani herdsmen, and Niger Delta militants contributing to violence and insecurity. The study reviews both empirical and theoretical literature on terrorism and its economic consequences, emphasizing the negative relationship between terrorism and economic growth. Using a positivist research paradigm, the study employed a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) approach to analyze the impact of terrorism on economic variables in Nigeria. The SVAR model incorporated endogenous variables such as economic growth, capital, terrorism, and trade. Data covering a 42-year period from 1980 to 2021 were utilized, and they were sourced from the World Bank and World Development Indicators. The estimation and results section includes discussions on lag length selection criteria and impulse response analyses to understand the dynamic effects of terrorism on economic variables over time. In conclusion, the study underscored the detrimental impact of terrorism on productivity and economic growth in Nigeria, highlighting the need for effective counter-terrorism measures to mitigate these effects. It provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers aiming to address the complex challenges posed by terrorism in the country
Russia-Ukraine War and the Imperatives of a New Global Order
Get PDFThe Russia-Ukraine conflict has illuminated the inherent problems within the current global order and accentuated the urgent need for a re-imagined framework that addresses these issues. This study underscored the multifaceted nature of Russia-Ukraine War and the imperative of international efforts to seek a sustainable resolution. Using secondary data and content analysis. Findings reveal that Russia-Ukraine War is rooted in a complex web of historical, cultural, and geopolitical factors which the escalation of the conflict was exacerbated by issues related to the continuous encroachment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into territories considered to be sphere of influence of Russia, Crimea's annexation, the rights of Russian-speaking populations, and Ukraine's alignment with Western institutions. The study conclude that the conflict has contributed to a reevaluation of alliances and strategic partnerships on the global stage. It has also raised questions about the effectiveness of international institutions and the challenges posed by information warfare, energy security, and arms control. The study recommends that the international community should reaffirm its commitment to the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter and other relevant agreements. Violations of these norms, as witnessed in Crimea, should be met with condemnation and diplomatic pressure
Development of Water Level Controller with SMS Capability
No full textWater is considered a valuable resource and covers about 70% of the earth's surface. Tight schedule prevents regular checking of the domestic water tank level while refilling the used ones. This often leads to waste of water and increased monthly revenue payment to power utility company. Consequently, this paper presents a development of water level controller with SMS capability aimed at measuring water level smartly such that when tank is filled, message would be automatically transmitted as an alert to the owner using GSM for immediate response. The method involves interconnection of a water container that serves as tank with another open container serving as Bore-hole and a microcontroller-based device with its integrated development to generate a communication message. A flowchart that shows the procedural steps involved was developed. On completion of the prototype, components and sub-circuits effectiveness as well as experimental testing of the system effective operation were carried out. Some anticipated water level (AWL) were selected at interval of 2 centimeters (cm) starting from 3cm and the corresponding Message Operating water level (MOWL) were obtained with error deviations not greater than 0.17cm. Thus the average AWL, average MOWL and the error deviation are 11cm, 10.7cm and 0.1cm. The prototype device thus operated effectively
Development of an Automatic Phase Selector for Nigerian Power Utility Customers
Get PDFPower utility customers in a developing country like Nigeria have constituted a habit of changing the electricity supply line from an unavailable or unstable phase to the most available or stable phase. The category of customers involved in this character are those on single phase power supply. However, this act is being carried out manually at the meter point using the cut-out fuses. This attitude results in phase unbalances, overheating electrical equipment including feeder pillars, transformer coils, network faults, and overall system instability. Thus, this paper presents the development of an Automatic Phase Selector for Nigerian Power Utility Customers. The device automatically selects an available phase from the three-phase power supply lines. The research comprises designing an automatic phase selector circuit, simulation of the designed circuit, programming code development in C- Language for the microcontroller, construction of the designed circuit, and carrying out tests on completed work done to ascertain the effectiveness of the developed system. The system operation involved a three-phase supply from the closest distribution network of the power utility company which is connected to a three-in-one gang switch while the switching ON and OFF of their static switches represent phase-off in an ideal situation. The operational results of this system are presented in the form of the truth table which indicates that the affected customer would not have a power supply only when the 3-phases are under voltage or overvoltage or unavailable. This implies that one of the three phases that meet the three criteria would be switched ON. A pure sine wave was used as input into the Optocoupler and the output waveform of the rectified pulsating signal is separately displayed. This output waveform is very clean and noiseless. Finally, the system when practically tested with an unbalanced three-phase supply, worked perfectly enhancing the flexibility of operating an Automatic Phase selector and hence avoiding manual switching of the phase selector which has been attributed to changing of cut-out fuses and associated stress as well as having a user-friendly phase selector