Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Book Review: Book Title: They Eat Our Sweat: Transport Labor, Corruption, and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria. Author: Daniel E. Agbiboa, Publisher: Oxford University Press. Year of Publication: 2022. Number of Chapters: 6 Number of Pages: 266
Full text linkHow do the tendrils of corruption insidiously operate in the quotidian experiences of informal urban transport workers and in what ways do the multiform nature of corruption blur the line between normalcy and aberration? How do these workers spatially comply, resist, and reclaim their right to the city? This book explores the musky line between survival and corruption in the context of Lagos informal transport sector, where corruption is not a far elite phenomenon but a subtle naturalised societal norm recognisable in its banal forms in the informal settings. The informal transport workers in urban Lagos driven by the exigency of economic hardship are caught in the corrupt nexus of formal and informal paratransit regulators, where they are cornered to comply and avoid “time wastage, unnecessary fine, detention, vehicle impoundment, and tire deflation” (p.105). The author, through urban ethnography, semiotic interpretation, and cross-national comparison, meticulously mines oral accounts, court cases, and ephemeral texts to profoundly aver that the informal transport sector spatially functions as a fertile ground for culprit-victim corruption where exploitative exchanges are normalised
Characterization of Selected Niger Delta Crude Oil Blends
Full text linkThe process of determining a crude oil type’s chemical and physical characteristics is known as crude oil characterisation. The properties obtained from characterisation lay the foundation for crude commercial valuation, engineering design, upstream processes, downstream processes, and a better understanding of individual crude blends; hence the need for this study. The primary objective of the study was to experimentally determine five different Niger Delta crude blends from different terminals to understand, carefully characterise, and compute other parameters based on experimental data using ASTM procedures. These properties included API gravity and kinematic viscosity at elevated temperatures. The results show that the crudes are softly naphthenic to fairly paraffinic, with UOPK ranging from 11.4 to 12.1, with supportive VGC values that increase as molecular weight increases. Specific gravity increased with an increase in molecular weight and the mean average boiling point. The API gravity ranges from 18.65 to 47.45, and kinematic viscosity decreases at an increasing temperature of 50 °C. Agbami Light had the highest oAPI and the lowest estimated molecular weight of 168.050; Ebok crude had the lowest oAPI of 18.65 and the highest molecular weight of 301.684. The result shows a high content of sulphur at a lower API and a high specific gravity. This study has characterised the various crude oil blends, and the results show a clear relationship between the crude chemical properties
A Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Information and Communication Technology-Based Techniques for Road Condition Reporting
Full text linkRoad infrastructure is a critical component of socio-economic development, enabling the movement of people, goods, and services. However, the high cost of constructing new roads has shifted focus toward maintaining existing infrastructure, necessitating efficient monitoring and reporting systems. The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has revolutionised road fault monitoring by transforming traditional monitoring approaches through real-time data acquisition and enhanced public engagement. This study adopts a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach to evaluate and compare six road monitoring techniques based on five key performance criteria: cost-effectiveness, accuracy, scalability, accessibility, and community engagement. The criteria were selected for relevance to the practical deployment and impact of ICT-based road monitoring solutions in diverse environments. Each technique was assessed and assigned a score on a 5-point Likert-type scale, where 1 indicates the lowest performance and 5 the highest. The results were visualised using a radar chart created with Python’s Matplotlib library. Findings suggest that while GIS and image-based methods offer high accuracy, they require specialised expertise and infrastructure. Call-based and website-based methods, though accessible, suffer from scalability and accuracy limitations. Accelerometer-based techniques provide automated fault detection but are constrained by hardware dependencies. Mobile crowdsourcing (MCS) stands out as the most effective approach due to its affordability, accuracy, scalability, and community-driven nature. However, MCS relies on internet access and may face challenges with data validation
The Place of Women in the Administrative and Diplomatic System of Central Africa (La Place de la Femme Dans le Dispositif Administratif et Diplomatique d’Afrique Centrale)
No full textThis study analyzes the place that community institutions in the Central African sub-region grant to women. The objective is to urge political decision-makers in this sub-region to strengthen the involvement of women in the community, administrative, and diplomatic systems. The exploitation of a variety of primary and secondary sources, in light of constructivist theory, in a systemic approach that assumes that all parts of the work are interrelated, was necessary to understand the evolution of women’s integration in sub-regional institutions. The findings of this study show that women have long experienced marginalizationwithin community institutions, due to their late schooling and many other prejudices. This explains the limited number of women capable of working in the administration of the community institution. However, the promotion of women’s political rights under the aegis of the UN, since the 1990s, has contributed substantially to the integration of women in all sub-regional activities. This justifies the fact that, during the creation of CEMAC, women were considered within the institution.RésuméCette étude analyse la place que les institutions communautaires de la sous-région d’Afrique centrale accordent à la femme. L’objectif est d’exhorter les décideurs politiques de cette sous-région à renforcer l’implication de la femme dans le dispositif administratif et diplomatique communautaire. L’exploitation d’une variété de sources primaires et secondaires, à la lumière de la théorie constructiviste, dans une démarche systémique qui suppose que toutes les parties du travail soient en interrelation, a été nécessaire pour comprendre l’évolution de l’insertion de la femme dans les institutions sous-régionales. Ainsi, il ressort de cette étude que la gent féminine a longtemps connu une marginalisation au sein des institutions communautaires, à cause de sascolarisation tardive et de nombreux autres préjugés. Cela explique le nombre limité des femmes capables de travailler dans les administrations de l’institution communautaire. Cependant, la promotion des droits politiques de la femme sous l’égide de l’ONU, depuis la décennie 1990, contribue substantiellement à l’intégration de la femme dans toutes les activités sous-régionales. Ce qui justifie le fait que, lors de la création de la CEMAC, la femme connaît une considération dans l’institution
Analytical Modelling of Fault Seal Effectiveness in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach
Full text linkFaults in hydrocarbon reservoirs significantly influence fluid flow behavior, making the prediction of fault seal effectiveness critical in reservoir management. This study introduces the FAULT-SEAL Evaluation Model (FSEM), leveraging a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework. By integrating geological, geophysical, and fluid-related factors, FSEM assigns weights to key parameters, emphasizing the dominant role of clay smears and gouge composition (global weight: 0.8417) in fault-sealing potential. The Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) and clay content emerged as the most sensitive parameters, with changes of up to 30% impacting fault seal effectiveness by as much as 0.12, underscoring their importance in fluid migration control. Fault throw and offset, with a moderate weight of 0.6262, significantly influenced the juxtaposition of rock types and sealing capacity, while stress conditions, particularly pore pressure (weight: 0.2999), moderately affected seal integrity, highlighting the need to monitor in-situ stress regimes. Validation through sensitivity analysis confirmed the model’s robustness and reliability, with a Consistency Ratio (CR) of -0.0543, ensuring minimal inconsistency in the decision matrix. These findings underscore the critical role of clay-rich fault zones in hydrocarbon trapping and the importance of detailed fault rock characterization. The FSEM offers a scalable, data-driven tool capable of generating faster, more accurate fault seal predictions, advancing exploration and production strategies. By integrating machine learning techniques and decision frameworks, the model provides an innovative approach to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery in faulted reservoirs
Data Protection in E-Voting Systems: The 2024 Nigerian Bar Association’s Elections in Retrospect
Full text linkThe adoption of e-voting systems in democratic processes necessitates a robust data protection framework to ensure voter privacy, electoral integrity, and compliance with data protection laws. This article critically examines data protection and privacy concerns in e-voting, with a focus on the 2024 Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) elections. Key issues explored include informed consent, confidentiality and integrity threats, cross-border data transfers, data minimization, data retention, and transparency. The article also highlights privacy and data protection challenges specific to NBA e-voting, such as the publication of the voters' list, post-election access to servers and application logs, and the consent of voters to the sharing of election transactions. To address these concerns, the article proposes practical recommendations, including proactive disclosure of voters' personal data usage, a multi-layered approach to combating identity theft and double voting, recognition of votes cast as personal data subject to Data Subject Access Requests (DSARs), enhanced protection of international users’ data, and the need for auditable and transparent electoral processes. By advocating for a more accountable and privacy-conscious approach to e-voting, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on balancing electoral transparency with data protection imperatives
Smothering the Right to Protest: The #Endsars 2020 Protest in Perspective
Full text linkProtests play a pivotal role in the civil, political, economic, social and cultural life of societies as it often and continue to inspire positive change and improve protection of human rights. It provides a platform for citizens to hold the government accountable by demanding better treatment. The #EndSARS social movement which started in 2017 was rekindledin 2020 to inter aliascrap the Special Anti-robbery Squad (SARS), end police brutality, extra judicial killings, etc. What however started off as a peaceful protest across the country became bloody when on 20th of October, 2020, the government allegedly deployed security personnel to peaceful, unarmed and unsuspecting protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate area of Lagos metropolis (the convergence point for the protesters). An act which appeared to be premeditated left scores dead. This action leaves us in doubt as to the ‘existence’ of the right to protest in Nigeria. It is against this background that the paper examines the right to protest in Nigeria vis-à-vis the #EndSARS protest and the resultant effect. This is done to ascertain the extent of the right and government’s responsibility towards protecting this right. Using the doctrinal approach, the paper finds that the brutal hijack/killings of the non-violent protests/protesters by state actors was an outright violation of the right to protest and clearly an act of failure by the government to ensure security and welfare of the people as provided under section 14(2)(b) of the 1999 Constitution. The paper concludes with recommendations calling on the government to adopt proactive measures to ensure effective policing of protests through a non-violent control strategy that protects and also prevents violation of this right
A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Framework on Electronic Waste Management in Nigeria, Japan, EU and India
Full text linkRapid increase in the number of electronic devices produce yearly in recent times has led to significant global environmental challenges like rapid increase in electronic waste (e-waste), due to electronics short lifespan. The improper handling, recycling, and disposal of e-waste pose substantial environmental and public health hazards due to the presence of toxic substances and the potential for resource depletion. This article presents a comparative analysis of e-waste management in legal frameworks in Nigeria, the European Union (EU), Japan, and India, the selection of these jurisdictions provides a diverse perspective, with the EU representing a regional approach, Japan technologically advanced nation, and India and Nigeria highlighting the challenges faced by developing nations. The analysis examines the strength and weakness if existing legislations, focusing on the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), the integration of the informal sector, and enforcement of regulations. The study reveals that while the EU and Japan have established comprehensive legal frameworks and advanced management practices, Nigeria and India struggle with implementation challenges and large informal sector. The article concludes by advocating for stronger, specific e-waste legislation, formalizing the informal sector, effective EPR implementation, and increased public awareness, particularly in Nigeria
Workplace Ostracism and the Productivity of Nigerian Nurses: A Review Essay
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of workplace ostracism on Nigerian nurses, exploring its effects on job satisfaction, mental health, productivity, and patient care quality. Through a thematic analysis of existing literature, key themes were identified, revealing a strong association between workplace ostracism and diminished job satisfaction, increased psychological distress, and reduced work performance. The findings suggest that ostracism not only harm individual nurses but also disrupts team dynamics, lowers morale, and compromises healthcare service delivery. Additionally, the study highlights coping mechanisms such as emotional intelligence and resilience, which may mitigate ostracism’s adverse effects. The research underscores the need for fostering an inclusive organisational culture and implementing policies to address workplace incivility. Future studies should investigate effective interventions and their long-term implications for nursing staff and healthcare outcomes in Nigeria
The Nigerian Peasantry and Impediments to a Socialist Revolution: Will the Military Support a Workers’ Insurrection?
Full text linkThe socialism so far propagated in Africa has not had as much impact as it ought to. There remains a lack of social consciousness among the majority of ordinary people. Granted that the capitalist mode of production inherited from colonialism is largely to blame, it is still important to mention that African politicians and their academic henchmen have subverted even the indigenous political system into a viciously exploitative and repressive one. This paper focused on colonial rule in Nigeria as the advent of capitalist exploitation and how it was sustained by Nigerian comprador politicians. It investigated the level of revolutionary fervour among the working class and identified worker alienation and the bourgeoning reserved army of labour as impediments to the dictatorship of the proletariat predicted by Karl Marx. The study also explored the potential involvement of the military in a workers’ revolution. It found that, despite the Nigerian military's historical ties to imperial control over civilians, its members are not insulated from the systemic injustices and poverty affecting society. Consequently, they might choose to align with workers advocating for socioeconomic change that could also benefit them