Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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The Evaluation of the Impact of Informal Entrepreneurship on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria
No full textThis study appraised the contribution of informal entrepreneurship to poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Primary data was collected through the use of the questionnaire. Data was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings show that: trade and commerce (F=14.65,) has a significant influence on poverty alleviation because Prob>F =.0050 is less than the 0.05 level of significance; manufacturing with F value = 24.92 significantly influences poverty alleviation because the Prob>F = 0.0000 is less than the 0.05 level of significance. Also, the technical work with F value of 16.59 has a significant influence on poverty alleviation since Prob>F = 0.0000 is less than the 0.05 level of significance. Transportation, with F value of 7.52 and Prob>F = 0.0000, which is lower than 0.05 level of significance, significantly influences poverty alleviation. Farming with 4.41 F value significantly influences poverty alleviation because the Prob>F = 0.0016 is less than 0.05 level of significance. Service business also shows significant influence on poverty alleviation with F value of 5.58 and Prob>F = 0.0009, which is less than 0.05 level of significance. However, the model has F value of 22.92 and Prob>F value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05 level of significance. It is concluded that the aggregate income generated from informal entrepreneurship leads to a reduction in poverty; thus, the informal entrepreneurs should look inwardly at things eroding their income to maximise profit from their operations
Organ Trade in Nigeria: A Governance Challenge amidst Socioeconomic Pressures
Full text linkOrgan transplantation is an advanced medical procedure which offers hope to patients with failing organs. However, the number of persons who require an organ far exceeds the number of organs available through voluntary donations. This imbalance has bred illegal organ trade, an unlawful activity of buying and selling of human organs. This study adopted structural functionalism as the theoretical perspective, which maintains that political structures have their functions, such as rule making, application and adjudication to ensure equilibrium in the system. Using an exploratory research design, interviews were conducted with four organisations and three medical professionals, and the data were analysed using narrative analysis. The research found that economic desperation, weak legislation and lack of political will contribute significantly to the thriving illegal markets in Nigeria. Therefore, the research recommended the implementation of economic programmes to reduce the susceptibility of vulnerable persons to exploitation by traffickers. Also, there is an urgent need to amend the National Health Act 2014 to include comprehensive provisions addressing organ donation and transplant processes in Nigeria
Impact of Stability on Development in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Sector: Analysing Socio-Economic and Security Implications for Sustainable Growth
Full text linkThis study examined the implications of stability in Nigeria’s oil sector, focusing on its socio-economic and security dimensions. The research explored how a stable oil industry influenced revenue generation, employment, industrial diversification, and security outcomes. The theoretical framework incorporated the resource curse theory and sustainable development theory to contextualise the relationship between oil sector governance, economic sustainability, and security. A qualitative approach was adopted, utilising secondary data from reports, policy documents, and academic publications. Thematic analysis was employed to assess historical patterns and project hypothetical outcomes under stable conditions. Findings revealed that stability in the oil sector significantly enhanced foreign direct investment (FDI), government revenue, and employment opportunities. A well-regulated industry fostered economic diversification by stimulating growth in manufacturing, agriculture, and renewable energy. Additionally, security improved due to a reduction in oil-related conflicts, enhanced government control over illicit trade, and strengthened community-government relations. However, the study identified critical challenges, including governance inconsistencies, environmental degradation, and exposure to global oil market volatility, which hindered long-term stability. To address these challenges, relevant recommendations were made. Strengthening institutional frameworks through policy reforms and independent regulatory oversight is essential to enhancing transparency and investors’ confidence. Enhancing security mechanisms through intelligence-driven strategies and community involvement was necessary to curb vandalism and illicit oil activities. Promoting economic diversification by investing in alternative sectors would reduce dependence on crude oil and build a resilient economy. These measures, if implemented effectively, could foster a stable oil sector that drives Nigeria’s long-term socio-economic and security development
Income Insecurity and Exclusion of Older Immigrant Women in Canada: A Narrative Review
Full text linkIn Canada, many older immigrants experience a lack of income security, shame, social exclusion, and social isolation due to insecure access to economic equity and redistribution. In addition, older immigrant women experience disproportionately high rates of income insecurity associated with feelings of shame and social isolation. This narrative review explores why the lack of income security is prevalent among the immigrant population and how financial instability could lead to feelings of shame, unwantedness, social exclusion, and social isolation. The analysis of the articles included in this review identified four themes: i. the mechanisms of income insecurity related to financial literacy; ii. shame, unwantedness, and social isolation associated with lack of income security for immigrant women; iii. women’s experiences with income insecurity and social exclusion; and iv. ageism, immigration, resistance, and resilience
Role of Social Media in Facilitating Financial Scams in Abuja, Nigeria: Development Communication Interventions for Prevention
Full text linkThis study explored the critical role of social media in facilitating financial scams in Abuja, addressing the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. The increasing prevalence of scams, including phishing, fake investment opportunities, and fraudulent online stores, poses significant financial risks to residents. Grounded in Social Learning Theory and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the research aimed to understand the behaviours associated with online scams and identify communication strategies for mitigating their impact. Employing a quantitative research design, the study gathered data from a sample of 390 respondents, selected through purposive sampling to ensure representation of social media users, scam victims, and digital marketing professionals. Surveys served as the primary instrument for data collection, enabling the assessment of awareness regarding scam tactics and residents' experiences with fraud. The findings revealed a significant lack of awareness and preparedness among the community, highlighting gaps in understanding common scams and prevention strategies. Based on these insights, several recommendations were proposed. Workshops and seminars were suggested to educate residents about the tactics employed by scammers, alongside targeted communication campaigns leveraging mass media and social media influencers to raise awareness. Additionally, establishing a framework for evaluating existing scam prevention strategies was deemed essential for continuous improvement. Innovative interventions, such as mobile applications for reporting scams and online forums for community support, were recommended to support scam reporting and community awareness, thereby enhancing digital literacy. Finally, fostering partnerships among government agencies, tech companies, and community organisations emerged as a crucial solution for developing comprehensive strategies to combat financial scams effectively
Adherence to Organisational Ethics as a Factor for Facilitating Employees' Performance in the Workplace
Full text linkThe study examined the link between organisational ethics and employee performance, and how organisational support influences this relationship. The paper investigated how ethical leadership, organisational culture, employee participation, and compliance with ethical principles affect productivity, job satisfaction, and organisational outcomes. A quantitative ex-post facto design was used, analysing data from 500 organisations in Nigeria from 2012 to 2024 through pooled regression analysis to assess both the direct and moderating effects of ethical conduct on performance. The findings showed that ethical leadership and organisational culture had the strongest influence on performance outcomes. While employee engagement and norm adherence had positive but modest effects, job satisfaction and organisational support were not strongly related to performance, and in some cases, not significantly so. Moreover, the results indicated that organisational support mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace culture, thus enhancing the positive impacts of both on work outcomes. The interaction effects were significant, suggesting that when organisations provided appropriate resources, training, and incentives, ethical leadership and workplace culture became more powerful drivers of performance. Overall, this research highlights that moral leadership combined with effective support networks is essential to maximise workplace productivity. It concludes that maintaining a focus on high performance requires ongoing ethics and a robust institutional support system
Multiculturalism or Cultural Amnesia? Why America and Britain Must Preserve Their Identity for the Coming Experience Economy
Full text linkThis commentary examines the evolving nature of culture in the 21st century, positioning culture as a dynamic force driving soft power and the experience economy. It raises critical questions: Should liberal democracies, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, uphold their historical cultural identities amidst increasing multiculturalism? Or does this lead to the erosion of their foundational values? The paper argues that both nations possess distinct, valuable identities rooted in their historical and political systems. While acknowledging multiculturalism's role in promoting diversity, the commentary cautions against cultural dilution when the host nation’s values cease to be prioritised. The commentary proposes a managed pluralism approach, drawing lessons from nations that balance international engagement with preserving core identity, suggesting this is crucial for these democracies to maintain influence in a world that increasingly values cultural experiences over the purchase of goods and services.
 
Investigation of Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Strategies in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry
Full text linkAs Africa's largest oil producer, Nigeria heavily relies on its Oil & Gas (O&G) sector, which significantly contributes to the nation's GDP, export profits, and government revenue. However, this sector faces substantial challenges due to its susceptibility to cyberattacks, which exploit the vast amounts of sensitive data generated across its operations. These threats have become more prominent with the integration of digital technologies, increasing the sector's vulnerability. Despite efforts like the Nigerian Data Protection Regulation, cyber incidents like ransomware and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) continue targeting critical infrastructure, leading to severe financial, operational, and environmental impacts. The rising frequency of such attacks highlights the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures within Nigeria's O&G industry. This study aims to investigate the cybersecurity landscape in the sector, focusing on identifying prevalent cyber threats and assessing the effectiveness of current control measures. Through systematically analyzing existing research and data, the study seeks to provide insights into the evolution of cyber threats and propose strategies for strengthening the sector's cybersecurity posture
Outage Probability Performance of Hybrid Time-Power Splitting Relaying Protocol with Interferers Presence
Full text linkCombining simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with full-duplex communication at the energy-constrained relay terminal is a practical way of improving the lifespan and data rates performance of cooperative wireless networks. However, employing the two most common radio frequency energy harvesting protocols namely: time-switching and power splitting in full duplex mode is limited in outage probability performance for 5G network and beyond. The deployment of hybrid time-power splitting relaying protocol in full-duplex mode with decodes and forward relaying is a promising solution to energy-constrained relay devices. This paper analyses the outage probability of a decode and forward, full-duplex hybrid time-power splitting relaying protocol over Rayleigh fading channel with interfering signals considered at the destination. A mathematical expression for the proposed protocol's outage probability is derived, and simulation is performed in MATLAB. The simulations explore the impact of system parameters on outage probability, demonstrating the proposed protocol's advantage over the full-duplex power splitting relaying protocol. The result obtained showed that the proposed decode and forward, full-duplex hybrid time-power splitting relaying protocol outperformed the full-duplex power splitting relaying protocol by 8.89% and 50% at signal to noise ratio of 10dB and 25dB, respectively with maximum number of interferes
Structural Review of a Bridge for Condition Assessment
Full text linkThe cost of performing a thorough bridge condition assessment is prohibitive, as it requires the installation of sensors, weigh-in-motion bridge facilities, load tests, destructive and non-destructive testing, and monitoring of the data they provide to estimate the bridge's durability. This study establishes the applicability of the structural review approach and demonstrates how it can be effectively utilized for assessing bridge conditions, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. Bridge inspection was performed on the Benin-Sagamu Overpass bridge to demonstrate this approach and condition rating of key bridge elements. Numerical appraisal equations were applied to the findings of the bridge inspection, which quantified the risks associated with the structure and its reliability. The decision on whether to embark on an intensive assessment scheme or not, and to determine the extent of assessment required if necessary, was arrived at based on the risk and reliability indices. The structural review tool proves to be less expensive and effective as the results it presents, reflect the actual physical conditions of the bridge. The cost of using the structural review tool for an assessment is only about 4% of the cost associated with a complete bridge structural assessment. The value of reliability deduced, which is 11.028, reflects the system reliability of the bridge, while the risk score of 333.33 reflects all the risks directly associated with the bridge and is a reliable tool for decision-making. The findings from the review on the bridge suggest there is no need for an inspection for assessment or a full-scale investigation for the durability of the bridge, and that the best decision regarding the bridge is to allow for another review after a certain number of years. It is recommended that the bridge authority perform a well-documented Principal Inspection on the facility for reference purposes in future reviews, and that this review tool be adopted to assess and document bridges across Nigeria in order to establish a database for the current condition of all bridges and start a bridge management program