Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Gendered Dimensions on Migration: Exploring Socio-Economic Drivers, Experiences, and Policy Implications in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper explores the gendered dimensions of migration in Nigeria,examining how socio-economic drivers, experiences, and policyimplications differ for women and men. Drawing upon feminist migrationtheory and neoclassical economic perspectives, the study analyzes gender-specificmigration patterns, assesses the impact of existing policies, andidentifies support mechanisms for migrants of different genders. Byadopting a qualitative research approach, the study draws on empiricaldata, policy documents, and interviews to highlight the unique experiencesof different genders in migration. The findings reveal significant disparitiesin the motivations and vulnerabilities of male and female migrants,emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive policies, with women oftenmotivated by factors such as family reunification and escape from violence,while economic opportunities primarily drive men. The migration journeypresents distinct challenges for each gender, with women facing heightenedrisks of exploitation and violence. Post-migration, women often encounterbarriers to labour market integration and face challenges in balancingfamily responsibilities with economic pursuits. The study emphasizes theneed for gender-responsive migration policies that address the uniqueneeds and vulnerabilities of female migrants, promote gender equality, andensure equitable access to opportunities for all migrants
A Comparative Study of Morphological and Semantic Features in Selected Human and Programming Languages
No full textThis study investigates the morphological and semantic relationships between human language and programming language through a comparative linguistic analysis. Although programming languages are often treated as purely technical systems, they draw extensively on natural language forms, particularly in their lexical and structural design. Despite this overlap, there is limited research that systematically examines programming constructs using established linguistic theories. Addressing this gap, the study applies Morphological Theory and Katzian Formal Semantics to analyse the selected programming statements in Python and Java, focusing on sequence, decision, and loop structures. Using a qualitative, descriptive, and comparative design, the study analyses purposively selected programming statements and contrasts their morphological formation and semantic interpretation with corresponding structures in English. The findings reveal that programming languages employ distinctive morphological processes, including symbol-based affixation, blending, clipping, and a dominance of imperative verb forms. Semantically, programming constructs exhibit extreme functional precision, operational restriction, and the elimination of ambiguity, in contrast to the polysemy and contextual flexibility of natural language. While both systems share root morphemes and compositional meaning principles, programming languages impose rigid constraints that align meaning strictly with computational execution. The study concludes that programming languages constitute linguistically grounded yet functionally specialised systems. By demonstrating how linguistic frameworks illuminate programming constructs, the research contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship and offers a foundation for linguistics-informed approaches to programming comprehension, particularly for non-specialist learners
Rural-Urban Variations in Survey-Based Women's Empowerment (SWPER) Index and Maternal Health Care Services Utilisation in Nigeria
No full textMaternal healthcare service uptake remains poor in Nigeria despite many interventions. One vital way of improving maternal health outcomes is adequate utilisation of antenatal care, skilled delivery, and postnatal care. However, diminished women’s empowerment has been documented to reduce access and utilisation of maternal healthcare services, especially among women in rural areas. This study examined rural-urban differentials in women’s empowerment and maternal healthcare uptake in Nigeria. The study employed the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Dataset (MICS). The 2021 MICS is a nationally representative secondary data source that collects population and public health information on women of reproductive age in developing countries, including Nigeria. The study included a weighted sample of 25,063 women. Data were analysed using frequency distribution, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. The results showed 79.09% and 72.48% of women did not utilise antenatal care in rural and urban areas, respectively. Considering skilled delivery service utilisation, 85.33% and 74.49% of women in rural and urban areas, respectively, did not utilise skilled delivery care. The results indicated that 92.81% and 96.8% of women did not utilise post-natal care in rural and urban areas, respectively. In rural and urban areas, social independence was significantly associated with maternal healthcare utilisation (OR= 1.249; CI: 1.126–1.384) and (OR=1.235; CI: 1.055–1.445). Overall, women’s empowerment shows a stronger and statistically significant relationship with healthcare utilisation in urban areas. The study concluded that maternal healthcare services utilisation was low and that social independence as a component of women's empowerment was a key driver of maternal healthcare uptake, especially in the urban context. There is an urgent need for policies and interventions to focus on promoting women’s autonomy and socio-economic status in Nigeria
Enhancement of a SWIPT Based Amplify and Forward Cooperative Relaying Protocol for Wireless Communication System
Get PDFCommunication through unbounded environment known as Wireless Communication (WC) undergoing rapid expansion driven by the escalating demand for its services. However, WC system is subjected to severe multipath propagation due to obstruction in the medium of transmission thereby resulting in signal fading that degrades system performance. SWIPT based Amplify and Forward (AF) relaying protocol previously used in addressing signal fading is characterized with poor performance due to noise amplification. Hence, this paper, enhanced a SWIPT based AF relaying technique for WC system using angular beamforming at the source and spectral subtraction at the relay node. The transmitting signal at the source was beamformed using angular beamforming technique at varying angles of and . The received signal was made to pass through Power Splitter (PS) energy harvester where the signal power was splited into two fractions, and . The first fraction that is , was used for energy harvesting by making it to pass through energy harvester device to scavenge energy and store in the power storage. The remaining fraction that is, , was made to pass through spectral subtraction and amplify using relay gain before forwarded to the destination during second hop transmission. The enhanced technique's performance was assessed using BER and TP, comparing it to the existing SWIPT-based AF relaying technique. The enhanced SWIPT based AF gave better performance with reduce BER and improve TP which justify the reduction of amplify noise in the propose technique. The proposed technique can be integrated into wireless communication systems to improve their overall performance
AI-Powered Predictive Analytics for Identifying Domestic Violence Risk Factors Across Cultures- An Overview
Get PDFThis study offers a comprehensive examination of the use of AI-driven predictive analytics to discern risk variables for domestic violence across various cultural frameworks. Domestic violence (DV) is a widespread global concern with significant physical, psychological, and societal consequences, disproportionately affecting women while also influencing men. Conventional detection and intervention efforts are frequently reactive and inadequately funded, underscoring the necessity for innovative, data-driven approaches. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)—encompassing machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning—present significant opportunities for enhanced timeliness and precision in risk assessment. These tools can assist in recognising patterns of abuse, forecasting escalation, and providing targeted support services instantaneously. Utilising AI in this delicate field necessitates meticulous attention to ethical dilemmas, encompassing privacy, data bias, and the possibility for technological exploitation. Furthermore, cultural norms, legal structures, and socioeconomic conditions can profoundly affect the occurrence of domestic abuse and the effectiveness of AI-driven remedies. This study highlights the significance of a culturally informed, ethically principled, and interdisciplinary methodology through the analysis of contemporary literature and practical implementations. Future research directions encompass the creation of more inclusive and transparent algorithms, the expansion of cross-cultural datasets, and the integration of AI into comprehensive public health and social services frameworks to guarantee safe and successful domestic violence prevention globally
Comparative Study on the Variability Margin of Concrete Strength between Weight and Volume Batching Methods
Get PDFVariability of strength in concrete has significant effect on the structural integrity, safety and performance of every concrete structure. It is a valid concern which defies any mix design method, but depends changes in material, production process and environmental condition. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the batching method on the margin of variability of concrete strength. Methods of batching by weight and volume were considered for three popular nominal mix proportions including 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2. The standard deviation of the 28th day compressive strength was determined and analysed for quantitative and qualitative assessment of concrete quality. The result indicates that lower water/cement ratio recorded higher compressive strength for the same mix proportions under both weight and volume batched method. The three mixes of ratios 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 that were weight batched outperform the volume batch of the same mix ratios in compressive strength by 33.8%, 14.5% and 24.9% respectively. It was concluded that volume batched mixes may only be considered for on – site concrete construction when water/cement ratio can be strictly controlled or stiff mixes are applicable as well as characteristic strength of concrete is below 25N/mm2. Where these conditions cannot be met, batching by weight with controlled water/cement ratio should be considered for on – site concrete construction. This study recommended the development of mix design template suitable for volume batched mixes considering several factors promoting variability in concrete strength, through the collective efforts of researchers, site engineers and regulatory bodies
Drivers’ Information and Practical Training Assessment Results Management System: A Recommendation for NIT
Get PDFRoad Traffic Injuries (RTIs) resulted from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) have high contribution to human deaths globally where in 2023, 1733 RTAs which resulted into 1647 deaths were recorded in Tanzania with human factor contributing 97% of the RTAs. The situation has raised a need to conduct a study to identify how drivers training processes are handled in Tanzania. The National Institute of Transport (NIT) was selected for the study to present the current situation since it is the institute offering training to the professional drivers and drivers’ instructors in Tanzania. In-car, Automated, Simulator-based, Structured Off-Road and Clinical Drivers’ Assessments were identified in the literature as the common methods for assessing the drivers’ practical skills. Interview was used to collect data from the targeted personnel who were identified as Director of Academics Support Services (DASS), Head of Department (HoD) for driving courses and National Institute of Transport Certified Driver Instructors (NIT-CDIs). The research findings highlighted issues in the process of drivers’ registration, record keeping and backup, assessment methods, result verification, analysis and reporting. The study has recommended algorithms in some crucial aspects of the drivers’ trainings that could be used to improve the standard of the drivers’ training processes which could ultimately contribute to the reduction of RTAs and RTIs in Tanzania and globally. Further researches are needed to study the driver training processes in other institutes in Tanzania and recommend better, affordable and more effective approaches for handling drivers’ trainings
Morphological and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Nano-Graphene-Oxide from Sugarcane Bagasse for Polymer Composite Reinforcement
Get PDFGraphene oxide (GO) from biomass offers a sustainable alternative to conventional graphite, yet few studies explore sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a feedstock. This research fills that gap by synthesizing GO from SB termed SBGO and reinforcing epoxy composites with it. Mature SB from Lagos, Nigeria, was processed, oxidized using KMnO₄/H₂SO₄, and purified with H₂O₂ and water washes. SBGO was characterized by BET, TEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. BET analysis revealed a high Langmuir surface area of 579.3 m²/g and mesopores averaging 2.132 nm, favoring uniform dispersion. TEM showed SBGO particles ranging from 5–10 nm up to 30–40 nm agglomerates with irregular, flake-like morphologies. FTIR confirmed successful oxidation via prominent O–H (3200–3600 cm⁻¹), C=O (1700–1740 cm⁻¹), and C–O (1000–1300 cm⁻¹) peaks, while UV–Vis displayed a π–π* peak near 230 nm and an n–π* shoulder around 300 nm, evidencing successful oxidation. XRD patterns exhibited a peak at 25°–30°, indicating partial restoration of the graphitic structure. Raman spectra featured dominant D and G bands, with additional peaks at 568, 1818, 2034, 2208, 2874, and 3050 cm⁻¹ that signal defects and residual biomass features. Polymer composites (PC) with 0–2.0 g SBGO showed increased density (from 1.18 to 1.23 g/cm³) and reduced porosity (from 1.67% to 0.75%). Tensile strength and modulus peaked at 1.5 wt% SBGO, hardness rose from 20.9 to 26.1 VHN, and wear rate dropped by up to 58%. These results confirm that SB-derived GO is an effective, eco-friendly reinforcement that enhances composite strength and durability for high-performance applications
Development and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Rubber Matrix Composite for Automobile Transmission Belt Application
Get PDFThe importance of automobile transmission belts (ATB) in mechanical systems cannot be overemphasized. In developing countries, conventional ATB are mostly imported. Most of the imported ones lack sufficient strength, which makes them prone to frequent fracture, they are weak and break easily. This could lead to accidents and damage to engines. Also, frequent replacement of these belts increases the cost of maintenance. In this study, Rubber Matrix Composite has been developed using natural rubber reinforced with polyester fiber and carbon black particulates to modify and overcome these challenges. The produced samples were subjected to physical and mechanical tests. It was observed that the composite hardness increased gradually as polyester fiber reinforcement increased. The sample with fiber reinforcement of 8% exhibited a hardness value of 25.6 HV. Also, the sample without carbon black showed higher levels of water absorption of 20.5%, other samples showed lower levels of water absorption. The result of tensile strength revealed that the sample reinforced with only carbon black exhibited a low tensile strength of 30.30MPa, while the sample reinforced with both materials exhibited the highest tensile strength of 52.61MPa. Generally, the composites exhibited an increase in the mechanical properties as the weight percentage (wt.%) of the reinforcement increased. This study established that high-quality ATB can be produced locally using natural rubber and reinforcements
Sanitation and Hygiene Monitoring System for Preventing Viral Infections in Orphanage Homes
Get PDFMaintaining proper sanitation and hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of viral infections, especially in high-risk environments such as orphanage homes, where many children live in close proximity and have limited access to healthcare Maintenance of adequate sanitation and hygiene is significant in the prevention of the spreading of viral infection, particularly in high-risk environments like orphanage homes, where several children live closely and having limited access to healthcare. Thus, the review presents the forensic overview of how to the design process and standards of Smart Sanitation as well as Hygiene can help to reduce the risk of viral infections in orphanage facilities. From the results of the reviewed literatures, it was observed that adequate smart homes for the orphanage will require smart monitoring using internet of things and data analytics with certain parameters like level of compliance to hand washing, air quality, cleanliness of the rest room and usual disinfection of surfaces. Thus, real-time data help givers and administrators to take proactive action each time the hygiene level fall below standard. Furthermore, the system will have to include reports and educational guidelines for the purpose of reinforcing the practice of hygiene. Therefore, the study provides a great insight by establishing that leveraging on technology will help to develop a healthier environment, reduce the outbreak of infections while supporting the wellbeing of vulnerable children in the orphanages