Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Optimizing the Impact and Yield Strengths of Cattle Horn for Engineering Applications
Get PDFCattle horns are one of wastes materials littering our environment, yet they have potential value in engineering. The work examined the engineering application of cow horn’s impact and yield strength. The physical and mechanical properties were examined to determine their levels of impacts and yield strengths. The horn structure contains keratin with lamellae tubules lapping over each other along the growing direction. The horn microstructures, density, water absorption, compression, flexural, hardness and impact test were examined. The samples have density of 1.303 g/cm3 to 1.376 g/cm3 along the body parts. The cow horns impact resiliencies vary along the parts due to animal maturity and ages. Cow horn withstands compressive stress and bending stress of 1,018.96 MPa and 981.4MPa respectively. The average values of hardness property for longitudinal and transverse are 51.735 N/mm2 and 41.795 N/mm2. The sustainability of the samples was analyzed using L25 Taguchi orthogonal array by examining chemical compatibility, temperature and pressure as variable factors. The properties variations of the horns are attributed to the concentration of keratin substance along the body parts. The work identified an appropriates applications area using an impact and fatigue analysis which provided opportunities to use the material to produce sustainable engineering applications
Globalization and the Transformation of Indigenous Morality: A Philosophical Study of the Yoruba Concept of Omoluabi
Get PDFEven as globalization has, no doubt, catalyzed or served as a basis for advancements in several spheres of human endeavours across the globe, it is also pertinent to highlight or indicate some of its drawbacks, especially as it pertains to the preservation of culture and morality. Whereas some studies have already attested to the fundamental link between culture and morality, some others have moved on to indicate how globalization may have a negative impact on culture and morality, especially within the African context. The present research queues with the latter group of studies as it investigates the extent to which the moral and cultural values associated with the Yoruba concept of Omoluabi has metamorphosed in the 21st century. The research relies on philosophical and hermeneutical analyses for its agenda as it discloses how the concept of ‘Omoluabi’, has evolved from its original usage and semantics to what now obtains in the 21st century
Eco-Onenessism: An Environmental Ethics of Interconnectedness for Addressing Climate Change
Get PDFClimate change represents one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. The rising of global temperatures, extreme weather events, melting ice caps, and shifting ecosystems are impacts of climate change. The moral implications of climate change have far-reaching effects on biodiversity, global stability, and ecological well-being. Using the philosophical method of analysis, the study finds that the cause of climate change is the human inability to see Earth as one and the lack of oneness; the ecological trinity in the hierarchy of being. The objective of the study is to recommend eco-onenessism by policymakers through teaching and learning in schools to affirm the unity of existence in the state of being. This philosophy stresses the interconnectedness of nature. Although the study finds that the implementation of Eco-onenessism is challenged by human anthropocentrism, yet it offers humanity a comprehensive framework that aligns environmental preservation with a sustainable future
Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Contraceptive Uptake among Obese Women in Nigeria
No full textObesity is increasing globally and remains a major public health concern in Africa and Nigeria, particularly among women. Evidence indicates that higher BMI may influence contraceptive effectiveness and method choice. This study examined the prevalence, patterns, and factors associated with modern contraceptive uptake among obese women across Nigerian regions. The 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey was used for the study. A weighted sample of 1,442 women aged 15-49 years with BMI ≥30 kg/m² was included. The study employed both Binary logistic regression and spatial analyses to ascertain factors associated with contraceptive uptake and its regional clustering. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 17. The study indicated that most women from the southwestern region (27.9%) were obese. Place of residence and region were significantly associated with contraceptive uptake (p<0.05). The hot spot areas for contraceptive use in Nigeria were Kebbi, Sokoto, Zamfara, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Yobe, Kaduna, Bauchi, Gombe, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba, Enugu, Anambra, Ebonyi, Abia, and Imo. The likelihood of modern contraceptive uptake among obese women in Nigeria was high with secondary education, higher education, 3-5 children, and more than 5 children. Also, the likelihood of modern contraceptive uptake was low among women residing in the South Eastern and the South Southern regions, rural areas, and those of the Islamic religion. The study found regional variations in the prevalence of modern contraceptive uptake among women with obesity in Nigeria. Policymakers should prioritise targeted interventions in the hotspot regions for modern contraceptive uptake in the country
The Role of Social Media in Legal Practice in Nigeria
Get PDFSocial media has significantly impacted legal practice in Nigeria, reshaping how legal professionals interact with clients, manage their practices, and engage with the broader community. This digital transformation offers substantial benefits, including enhanced visibility for legal practitioners, increased client outreach, and a platform for sharing legal insights and updates. Social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook provide lawyers with tools to establish their expertise, build professional networks, and participate in legal discussions, thus fostering greater public awareness of legal issues. However, the integration of social media into legal practice also presents challenges, including concerns about maintaining client confidentiality, adhering to ethical standards, and managing the accuracy of information shared. Nigerian legal practitioners must navigate these challenges by implementing clear social media policies, investing in digital literacy, and ensuring compliance with regulatory and ethical guidelines. This paper is geared towards balancing the opportunities and risks associated with social media as it is crucial for leveraging its potential to enhance legal practice while safeguarding professional integrity. It also explores the essentiality for legal professionals in Nigeria to stay abreast of technological advancements and regulatory developments to maximize the benefits and mitigate potential drawbacks. This paper adopts a doctrinal research methodology through a review of existing literature. The findings reveal a growing reliance on social media among Nigerian legal professionals, albeit with limited awareness of potential ethical pitfalls. The paper recommends that legal practitioners develop comprehensive social media strategies and receive continuous training on digital best practices to harness its benefits while maintaining professional integrity
The Impact of Sustainable Empowerment Interventions on Women's Development in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study addresses the persistent gender disparities in Nigeria that constrain women's economic participation and socio-cultural agency, impeding inclusive national development. Despite numerous empowerment initiatives, challenges remain regarding their sustainability and transformative impact. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data from 361 women participants across six geopolitical zones with qualitative insights from thematic interviews, ensuring a robust triangulation of evidence. The quantitative analysis utilises descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS, while qualitative data undergo rigorous thematic coding to capture nuanced experiences of empowerment interventions. This method provided a comprehensive understanding of measurable outcomes as well as the social dynamics influencing sustainability. Findings reveal that while recent programmes have enhanced financial inclusion and entrepreneurial growth among beneficiaries, critical gaps persist, which notably includes- inadequate knowledge management, limited integration within local governance frameworks, over-reliance on external funding, and insufficient engagement of male allies, which undermines long-term effectiveness. Furthermore, rural women remain disproportionately marginalised, partly due to literacy barriers and fragmented intervention delivery systems. The study underscores the vital role of normative transformation in reshaping gender attitudes to ensure enduring empowerment. Based on these insights, it is recommended that empowerment initiatives institutionalise knowledge management systems to safeguard operational continuity and prioritise embedding interventions within community and governance structures to enhance ownership. Diversifying funding streams through local partnerships and income-generating activities is crucial for financial sustainability. Additionally, deliberately involving male stakeholders can foster supportive environments that challenge entrenched social norms. By prioritising these strategies, programmes can move beyond short-term impacts to achieve sustainable, culturally embedded empowerment. This research contributes uniquely by advancing a holistic sustainability framework that integrates economic outcomes with normative and institutional dimensions, offering policymakers and practitioners a nuanced blueprint to enhance women’s empowerment in Nigeria and beyond
Corrosion Mitigation with Chemical Injection in Welded Carbon Steel Pipe for Offshore Water Treatment Plant
Get PDFIn Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading (FPSO) vessels, the steel pipes used for water treatment plants are susceptible to corrosion from dissolved oxygen and bacteria in seawater. Chemicals such as oxygen scavengers and biocides are used to combat this. However, using oxygen scavengers can lead to bacterial growth, which can cause a reduction in pipe diameter, increased water pressure, and potential leaks, particularly in the welded sections. Biocides are used to address bacterial growth. In this study, steel coupons were welded with a low-hydrogen electrode, and water from the Lagos lagoon was used to replicate seawater composition. The study employed two different media, agitated and non-agitated, to investigate the effect of water flow dynamics on corrosion rate. Chemical injections did not effectively mitigate corrosion in the tested conditions but sometimes increased it. The results revealed that general corrosion was observed in the samples when no chemical was injected into the system, with an average 0 mm/yr corrosion rate. The agitation of the media led to increased corrosion rates. For biocide injection, the rate increased from 1 mm/y to 2 mm/yr, while in oxygen scavenger solution, the rate increased from an average of 4 mm/yr to 8 mm/yr. Analysis of the cultured seawater parameters showed variations in salinity, total dissolved solids, oxidation-reduction potential, pH, temperature, specific gravity, and conductivity across different media. The pH of the solution generally increased with time, while the addition of an oxygen scavenger reduced the pH value from approx. 6.5 to 6.2. Agitation of the media and chemical injection increased the conductivity of the solution. Biocide introduction lowered the redox potential, while oxygen scavenger made the redox potential unstable. X-ray diffraction analysis of the steel surface exposed to the seawater indicated the presence of various compounds, suggesting ongoing corrosion processes and the existence of organic and inorganic contaminants. This research has the potential to significantly impact offshore water treatment, providing valuable insights into the challenges and potential solutions for corrosion mitigation in this critical area
The Potential Risk Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
No full textAcademic attainment is a key factor that is required of would-be employees in any establishment. This study aimed at determining the effect of family factors, personal factors, peer-pressure factors and other factors on students’ academic performance. Data on basic factors that affect students’ performances were obtained with the use of structured questionnaire, 100 questionnaires were distributed to students in the study area, out of which 42 of the students were male and 58 were female, the questionnaire consists of two sections, section A of the questionnaire sourced information on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents while section B was based on questions on a 5-point Likert scale that were categorized into four groups. Each of the categories consisted of five questions. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression (matrix notation) approach. The results indicated that peer-pressure, family factors and personal factors had effect on students’ academic performance in higher institutions while some other factors such as extra-curricular activities, parental income and socio-economic status also had effects on the students’ performance in higher institutions. The study concluded that apart from solid and sound secondary school background, which impact positively on students’ academic performance, family background, social economic status and school environment play a crucial role in students’ academic performance
Application of Correlation and Regression Analysis to the Optimized Biodiesel Yield from Used Cooking Oil Via Acid-Catalyzed Esterification
Get PDFThis research examines the physicochemical characteristics of waste vegetable oil biodiesel blends based on viscosity, density, flash point, cloud point, pour point, and sulfur content. B20 to B100 blends were subjected to testing to determine their suitability as alternative fuels against regular diesel standards. An acid-catalyzed esterification and base-catalyzed transesterification in two steps were employed to decrease free fatty acid (FFA) content and enhance biodiesel yield. At optimized reaction conditions, a biodiesel yield of 96.3% was achieved, indicating the efficiency of the process. Experimental findings showed that viscosity of blends of biodiesel decreased consistently with an increase in temperature from 7.212 mm²/s at 10°C for B100 to 3.415 mm²/s at 50°C for B20. All the blends met the ASTM D445 standard for 40°C viscosity. At higher biodiesel blends the flash point increased indicating fuel safety. Whereas, the associated rise in pour and cloud points signified a reduced low-temperature fluidity. Through heatmap analysis, it was found that viscosity is strongly negatively correlated with temperature, while flash point, pour point, and blend concentration were positively correlated. Regression analysis shows strong linear relationships between viscosity, flash point, and blend composition, further establishing their temperature dependence and their suitability for predictive modeling. It is concluded that there is a need for control of production parameters and optimization of the blend ratios to realize maximum engine efficiencies and product conformity to standards. Biodiesel blends from waste vegetable oil are thus efficient alternatives to conventional diesel, whose various physicochemical properties have been successfully analyzed and optimized using statistical approaches
Predictive Role of Personality Traits, Alcohol Use and Emotion Regulation on Dangerous Driving Behaviour among Commercial Drivers in Yenagoa, Nigeria
Get PDFDangerous driving among commercial drivers has become more pronounced in contemporary times, as there tends to be an increase in road traffic accidents in Nigeria, according to available reports. The reasons for this increase are yet to be fully explored. Some psychosocial factors may be implicated in this recent occurrence. There is a gap in knowledge, as these psychosocial factors have not been studied enough. The study investigated the predictive role of personality traits, alcohol use, and emotion regulation on dangerous driving behaviour among commercial drivers in Yenagoa. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. The sample size for the study was 300. Eysenck questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Emotion Regulation questionnaire and Dula Dangerous Driving Index were used to assess personality traits, alcohol use, emotion regulation and dangerous driving, respectively, in this study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that personality traits, alcohol use, and emotion regulation independently and jointly (R2 = .314, F = [3, 296] = 45.08; p<.01) predicted dangerous driving behaviour among commercial drivers. It was concluded that personality traits, alcohol use, and emotion regulation significantly influence hazardous driving behaviour.