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Dlaczego w poezji późnego średniowiecza funkcjonują tylko dwa wersety Modlitwy Pańskiej?
No full textThe goal of this article is to provide an answer why late-Medieval poetry offers only two verses of the Lord’s Prayer. An analysis of the existing literature leads to a conclusion that only two requests exist, transformed in different ways: “forgive us our trespasses” and “but deliver us from evil”. The author of the article views this phenomenon in a broader context of the late medieval culture and explains the phenomenon by referring to the existing knowledge of the process of Christianisation in medieval Poland. An analysis of late medieval poetry with respect to the position of the Lord’s Prayer results in methodological conclusions (it is difficult to evaluate the nature of a specific fragment in a text due to the non-existent canonical version of the prayer) and conclusions about the language and the culture (the then religiosity). The absorption of the Lord’s Prayer is evident only in relation with fear and the broadly-defined superstitions as resulting from the intertwining Catholic and pagan beliefs. Their influence is reflected in late medieval literature where specific prayerrelated phrases were taken over. Quite possibly, this procedure was involuntary and unintentional. While the phrases lost their strictly prayer character, they managed to retain their magical function of such importance to praying
Tłumaczenie polskich związków frazeologicznych w bułgarskim przekładzie Faraona Bolesława Prusa
No full textThis article presents the ways of translating Polish phrasemes into Bulgarian and their functionality in texts. The material under scrutiny encompasses five hundred examples. In general, the phrasemes from Bolesław Prus’s “Pharaoh” are translated into Bulgarian phrasemes equivalent with respect to the global meaning. This group includes identical phrasemes (the formal structure) and similar ones (where the differences relate to certain de-tails in expression). An equivalent translation is also achieved by means of phrasemes devoid of significant shared features with respect to expression therefore different in the imagery. Typically, these are the synonyms of Polish phrasemes. In the translation of “Pharaoh”, a considerable number of Polish phrasemes are reflected by means of single words or loose word collocations. While the periphrases tend to be close to the meaning of the original phraseme, they change completely or partly the connotations and the expression emotional overtone. However, in many cases it is possible to translate the imagery also by means of descriptions
Herbert a ormiańska Babcia
No full textThe text is an attempt to investiage the impact of Zbigniew Herbert’s Armenian grandmother on his ethical outlook on the world. While in his poetry and memoirs there are only few references to Maria of Bałabans and only one poem is entirely about her, contextual references to his grandmother can be traced in most of Herbert’s works and these further emphasise his moral outlook on the world. Furthermore, family memories also confirm the significance of the Armenian grandmother in Herbert’s private and literary life. A very important element of the relationship which brings together the poet and his grandmother is points he role of multiethnic Lviv with which his family had connections for centuries.The text is an attempt to investiage the impact of Zbigniew Herbert’s Armenian grandmother on his ethical outlook on the world. While in his poetry and memoirs there are only few references to Maria of Bałabans and only one poem is entirely about her, contextual references to his grandmother can be traced in most of Herbert’s works and these further emphasise his moral outlook on the world. Furthermore, family memories also confirm the significance of the Armenian grandmother in Herbert’s private and literary life. A very important element of the relationship which brings together the poet and his grandmother is points he role of multiethnic Lviv with which his family had connections for centuries
O „gęstej” twórczości Władysława Sikory Libor Martinek, Władysław Sikora, Opava, 2015, ss. 152
No full textObraz Wojska Polskiego i podziemia poakowskiego w latach 1945–1946 w świetle raportów czechosłowackiego wywiadu
No full textIn the years 1945–1946, Czechoslovak intelligence operated in Poland. These secret intelligence reports are now a valuable resource for historians. In 1945–1946, in the mountainous regions of south-eastern Poland, near the border with Czechoslovakia, a civil war was ongoing. Government forces and the anti-communist resistance were fighting each other. The events in south-eastern Poland were carefully observed by Czechoslovak intelligence. Czechoslovak agents critically evaluated government forces. In their opinion, this formation was ill-equipped and poorly trained. The leaders were often Soviet officers who didn’t even know Polish. Many soldiers in the government army secretly sympathised with the anti-communist underground. Czechoslovak agents positively evaluated the anti-communist resistance movement. According to the reports, the underground was numerous, disciplined and well-organised. The partisans had high morale and enjoyed widespread support from the civilian population. However, the Polish Army was an official ally of Czechoslovakia.In the years 1945–1946, Czechoslovak intelligence operated in Poland. These secret intelligence reports are now a valuable resource for historians. In 1945–1946, in the mountainous regions of south-eastern Poland, near the border with Czechoslovakia, a civil war was ongoing. Government forces and the anti-communist resistance were fighting each other. The events in south-eastern Poland were carefully observed by Czechoslovak intelligence. Czechoslovak agents critically evaluated government forces. In their opinion, this formation was ill-equipped and poorly trained. The leaders were often Soviet officers who didn’t even know Polish. Many soldiers in the government army secretly sympathised with the anti-communist underground. Czechoslovak agents positively evaluated the anti-communist resistance movement. According to the reports, the underground was numerous, disciplined and well-organised. The partisans had high morale and enjoyed widespread support from the civilian population. However, the Polish Army was an official ally of Czechoslovakia
Helmut Wilhelm Schaller, Die „Reichsuniversität Posen” 1941–1945. Vorgeschichte, nationalsozialistische Gründung, Widerstand und polnischer Neubeginn, “Symbolae Slavicae” 29, Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ss. 273.
No full textSystem samogłoskowy współczesnej kaszubszczyzny północno-zachodniej
Get PDFThis article is dedicated to the vocalism of the contemporary Żarnowiec dialect (spoken in Wierzchucino and Nadole). On the one hand, an acoustic and phonetic analysis has identified certain phonetic archaisms (like the central or frontal and central pronunciation of /u/) and has aided in-depth descriptions of sounds previously referred to in a very imprecise way (*/aː/ pronounced as a near-close rounded vowel, central, [ɵ] type). On the other hand, the analysis has provided grounds for acknowledging the important phonetic changes which have occurred in the Kashubian dialect in the past few decades; some of these consist in completing specific phenomena. These include the general dissemination of the diphthongal pronunciation of stressed /e, o, ɛ, ɔ/, the highly back and rounded pronunciation of /ɒ/, the front and open pronunciation of /æ/ in Nadole and the extended scope of the phonological and phonetic reduction of non-stressed vowels (the phonemes /ɘ̟, ɛ, æ/ are always, /ɵ, e/ nearly always and /i/ is relatively rarely pronounced in the same way when not stressed). The result of this reduction is a distinctly centralized vowel or a central vowel of the [ɜ] type. From the phonological point of view, attention should be paid primarily to the ultimate loss of nasal vowel phonemes. Contrary to existing descriptions, the vocal continuant */ã/ has not been merged phonologically with /e/ but a new oral phoneme /ɘ̟/ has been established. It is worth emphasizing that a majority of the identified changes do not bring the dialect closer to the Polish language, rather, they take it further away from it
