National University of Mongolia Scientific Journals
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Some Issues of Trade and Economic Cooperation Between The Mongolia and China
No full textEconomic and trade cooperation is an important manifestation of global economic development and an inevitable choice for all countries to follow the trend. Since 1999, Mongolia and China have maintained close economic and trade cooperation, and China has become Mongolia’s trade and investment partner. Especially in 2013, since China proposed the “OBOR” initiative, it has brought new opportunities for Mongolia China economic and trade cooperation.
Based on the research, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The overall development trend of Mongolia China economic and trade cooperation is good, and it has experienced three stages of cooperation initial, cooperation development and cooperation deepening. (2) The policy factors, legal environment factors, international environmental factors, social factors and economic factors have impact on economic and trade cooperation. (3) Through the empirical analysis of the influencing factors of Mongolia China economic and trade cooperation, it is studied the influence of factors on each other. Among them, the level of economic development, Population size, urbanization level, degree of opening to the outside world, infrastructure construction, and railway transportation mileage a significant role in promoting the scale of Mongolia China trade, while industrial structure, import tariffs, and inflation rate indexes all have negative effects. In addition, the level of economic development, inflation rate, infrastructure and transportation volume of the two countries have promoted Mongolia China investment cooperation, but inflation rate and unemployment rate have hindered it
Бага чадлын Рентген шарах төхөөрөмжийг ашиглан төмсний хадгалагдах хугацааг тасалгааны температурт уртасгасан нь
No full textЭнэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Мал эмнэлгийн хүрээлэнд судалгааны зориулалтаар ашиглаж буй RS1800 Рентген шарах төхөөрөмжийг ашигласан. Энэхүү төхөөрөмж нь шарлага хийх 3 түвшинтэй. Түвшин бүр нь Рентген хоолойноос 6.2см, 13.8см, 22.2см-т байрладаг. 1-р түвшинд үйлчлэх цацрагийн хэмжээ 11.73Гр/мин. Бид судалгаандаа төмсийг 1-р түвшин буюу Рентген хоолойноос 22.2см-т байрлах тавцан дээр тавьж 8.53мин, 12.79мин, 17.05мин хугацаатайгаар тус тус шарлагыг хийсэн. Судалгаанд Эрдэс Агро компанийн тарьж ургуулсан “gala” сортын төмсийг (шингэсэн тун 200 Гр хүртэл) бага тунгаар зөвхөн нэг талаас нь шарсан бөгөөд төмсний доторх тунгийн жигд байдлыг харгалзан үзээгүй болно. Төмсийг зааврын дагуу (+10C)-(+50C) хэмд 14 хоног хадгалж хэрэглэх байсан бол бид Рентген цацрагаар шарсан төмсийг тасалгааны температурт (+220C) 60 хоногийн турш хадгалсан. Хадгалалтын дараах төмсний жингийн алдагдал болон булцууны соёололтын тоог MNS 0528:2021 стандартын дагуу хэмжин, нийт нүүрс-ус, ууссан хатуу бодис, рН-ийг хэмжин үр дүнг тодорхойлсон. Мөн физик-механик шинж чанарыг Shimadzu EZ-SX төхөөрөмжийг ашиглан тодорхойлж бүлэг хооронд харьцуулахад шингэсэн тунгийн хэмжээ 150Гр бүлэг хяналтын бүлгийн төмснөөс эрс өөр, сайн хадгалагдаж байгааг тогтоолоо.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin-loaded silver and mesoporous silica core/shell nanoparticles
No full textThe misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which are projected to cause approximately 10 million deaths annually by 2050, surpassing cancer-related mortality. This growing crisis requires the development of new antibacterial strategies. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrating potent antibacterial activity through mechanisms such as controlled silver ion release, increased bacterial membrane permeability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, ciprofloxacin-loaded silver and mesoporous silica core/shellnanoparticles (CIPRO-Ag@MSNs) exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), significantly improving the efficacy of ciprofloxacin. Notably, mesoporous silica-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@MSNs) improved biocompatibility by reducing excessive bacterial killing, highlighting their potential as a safe and effective nanosystem for bacterial infection treatment
A Study Redefining the Lowest Point of Mongolia: Монгол орны хамгийн нам цэгийг шинэчлэн тогтоосон судалгаа
No full textThis study aimed to reassess and redefine the lowest point in Mongolia using modern geodetic and topographic research methods. Previously, the lowest officially recognized point in Mongolia was Khukh Lake in Dornod Province, recorded at an elevation of 560 meters above sea level. However, this study identified a newly discovered low point in Altai Soum, Gobi-Altai Aimag, specifically within the "A" section of the Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area. The precise elevation of this newly identified point was measured at 526.745 meters. To ensure the accuracy of this finding, the study employed advanced surveying techniques, including high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, innovative geodetic methodologies, and detailed topographic mapping. These methods provided reliable and verifiable data to support the revision of Mongolia's official geographic records. The identification of this low point holds significant implications for environmental and hydrological studies. The area functions as a natural depression where seasonal water accumulation may occur, making it a valuable site for climate and ecosystem research. Understanding such depressions is crucial for monitoring water balance, sediment deposition, and ecological dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions like Mongolia. Additionally, this discovery has practical applications for updating Mongolia’s geographical databases and can contribute to environmental education and sustainable tourism initiatives. Given the importance of this newly identified lowest point, it is recommended that the site be formally recognized in Mongolia's official geographic records. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and future research should be conducted to assess its environmental dynamics, potential hydrological significance, and conservation needs. Preserving and utilizing this location for scientific research will provide further insights into the geomorphological and climatic processes shaping Mongolia's landscape
Tectonic geomorphological аnalysis of the Khukh Lake Basin, Mongolian Altay Mountains, north-west Mongolia: Монгол Алтайн нурууны Хөх нуурын хотгорын тектоник геоморфологийн шинжилгээ
No full textThe Khukh Lake Basin in the Mongolian Altay represents a characteristics of a tectonically formed lake basin. This study employed a comprehensive morphometric analysis to determine the morphological development, origin, and tectonic influence on the basin. Using topographic maps, satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and field measurements, we applied various analytical methods including Topographic Analysis (TA), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Valley floor (Vf), Mountain Front Sinuosity (MFs), Basin Shape Index (Bs), Relief Slope (RSl), Relative Relief Energy (RE), Hypsometric Curve (HC), and Volume Estimation (V). The results reveal that the Khukh Lake Basin is aligned along a NW–SE-trending fault system and is situated within an active tectonic zone characterized by compressional and transtensional deformation. Morphometric analysis of the study area revealed a hypsometric integral (HI) of 0.80%, Vf values ranging from 0.11 to 0.35, surface slopes between 44° and 68°, RE of 1142 m, a Bs value of 2.33, and an MFs value of 1.0. These results indicate that the lake was formed within a narrow, elongated tectonic zone extending from northwest to southeast. The average volume of the non-linear body was estimated to be 0.069 km³, suggesting that the Khukh Lake was formed by a rock blockage of this volume. Morphometric indicators collectively confirm the presence of intense tectonic activity, substantiating the structural control over the basin's formation and evolution. This research highlights the geodynamic significance of the Mongolian Altay region, where active faulting plays a crucial role in shaping lake basins, and provides a scientific basis for understanding tectonic influences on intramontane depressions
Сэтгүүлч Б.Энхцэцэгийн “Танхил хонгор түүнд минь танил дууг минь дамжуулаарай...” хөрөг нийтлэлийн тухай
No full textIn the spring of 2023, an article that had a large readership on social media and social networks was the portrait of UB.life.mn journalist B. Enkhtsetseg about singer P. Adarsuren, titled “Please, send my beloved songs to my dear...”The researcher once said, “A journalist should write what he believes to be right in his heart.” B. Enkhtsetseg studies her “hero” and tells the truth about him to the people, whom she believes to be right in his heart. The portrait article “Please, send my beloved songs to my dear…” was published on UB.life.mn on February 8, 2023, and from that day on, it reached the public on platforms, was read by more than 100,000 people, shared 490 times on Facebook, and left about 300 comments.
The growth and impact of social media in Mongolian society today is evident from the number of users accessing the site. As a result of technological developments, the trend of continuously delivering information to the public in various formats also provides journalists with the opportunity to deliver information in multiple formats
ОРЧИН ҮЕИЙН МАСС-МЕДИА: МЭДЭЭНИЙ ҮР НӨЛӨӨГ ДЭЭШЛҮҮЛЭХ БОЛОМЖ, ШААРДЛАГА
No full textThis article discusses innovative trends in modern media news and factors that help enhance the eff ectiveness of news. It argues that the eff ectiveness of news depends on the extent to which the subject chosen by the journalist meets the primary and secondary characteristics of an important event. The author identifi es the following as the primary characteristics of news: having a protagonist, having a form of tension or confl ict, containing action, novel and timely, and not conforming to generally accepted norms; whereas the secondary characteristics include not humiliating anyone, credible and able to inspire confi dence, clear and concise, and the consequences of the event have the potential to infl uence the recipients
ТЕЛЕВИЗИЙН УРАН САЙХНЫ КИНОНЫ ҮЗЭЛ САНАА, ДҮРСЛЭЛ ҮЗЭГЧИЙН СЭТГЭЛ ЗҮЙ, НИЙГМИЙН ҮНЭТ ЗҮЙЛД НӨЛӨӨЛӨХ НЬ
No full textDue to ideological infl uence, the unique characteristics and traditions of Mongolian national culture have been eroded, weakening people’s belief in their own cultural values. This has led to the spread of attitudes that idealize foreign cultures, the alteration and replacement of the national language and script, and the loss of many cultural elements associated with them—resulting in signifi cant negative impacts. Cultural, educational, and media organizations need to work together to eliminate the influence of this ideology, revive traditional culture, accurately communicate and promote the core values of Buddhism, and cultivate ethics and culture—especially through spoken and written language. It is also necessary to restore the language and heritage, create books and content, and integrate all of this into policies and programs. To achieve these goals, cooperation among religious institutions, cultural organizations, youth, schools, and scholars of art and culture is essential
Limitations on Constitutional Amendments: Distinctive Features and Differences between Common Law and Civil Law Legal Systems
No full textThe Constitution is the fundamental legal document aimed at safeguarding a country’s democratic and core values, as well as human rights. However, as societal demands and economic conditions evolve, amendments to the Constitution become necessary. Nonetheless, unrestricted amendments risk weakening or undermining the Constitution’s fundamental values, thus making limitations on constitutional amendments essential. These limitations are generally categorized into explicit, direct limitations and implicit, judicially interpreted limitations. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of explicit and implicit limitations, using case studies from Germany and India. The Lisbon Treaty case in Germany demonstrates that explicitly stated “eternity clauses” serve as a clearer mechanism to protect democratic values, federal structure, and human rights, shielding core values from external threats. Meanwhile, in India, the Kesavananda Bharati case illustrates how implicit limitations through the Basic Structure Doctrine, which relies on judicial interpretation, play a role in protecting the fundamental values of the Constitution, though it has led to conflicts between the judiciary and the legislature. The analysis concludes that explicit limitations are more effective in maintaining constitutional stability and flexibility while safeguarding core constitutional values. Hence, explicitly defined limitations are deemed an optimal approach to mitigate risks posed by internal and external factors, and to prevent excessive judicial intervention.
Үндсэн хуулийн нэмэлт, өөрчлөлтийн хязгаарлалт: Жишгийн ба эх газрын эрх зүйн тогтолцооны онцлог, ялгаа
Үндсэн хууль бол тухайн улсын ардчилсан, суурь үнэт зүйлс, хүний эрхийг хамгаалахад чиглэсэн хууль зүйн үндсэн баримт бичиг юм. Гэсэн хэдий ч нийгмийн эрэлт хэрэгцээ, эдийн засгийн нөхцөл байдал өөрчлөгдөхийн хэрээр үндсэн хуульд нэмэлт, өөрчлөлт оруулах шаардлага гардаг. Гэвч хязгаарлалтгүй нэмэлт, өөрчлөлт нь үндсэн хуулийн суурь үнэт зүйлсийг сулруулж, тэдгээрийг алдагдуулах эрсдэлтэй учраас үндсэн хуулийн нэмэлт, өөрчлөлтийн хязгаарлалт зайлшгүй шаардлагатай. Эдгээр хязгаарлалтыг тодорхой буюу шууд заасан болон далд буюу шүүхийн тайлбараар хэрэгжүүлдэг гэсэн хоёр ангилалд хуваан үздэг. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд тодорхой болон далд хязгаарлалтын оновчтой байдлыг ХБНГУ, БНЭУ1 -ын жишээн дээр харьцуулсан анализ хийсэн. ХБНГУ2 -ын Лисбоны гэрээний хэрэг нь ардчилсан үнэт зүйлс, холбооны бүтэц, хүний эрхийг хамгаалах зорилгоор “мөнхийн заалт”- ыг тодорхой заасан нь гадаад хүчин зүйлсээс үүдэн үндсэн хуулийн үнэт зүйлсэд аюул учруулах эрсдэлээс хамгаалах илүү тодорхой арга болж байгааг харуулж байна. БНЭУ-ын Кесавананда э. Бхаратигийн хэрэгт үндсэн бүтцийн номлол буюу шүүхийн тайлбараар дамжин хэрэгжсэн бөгөөд тус далд хязгаарлалт нь үндсэн хуулийн суурь үнэт зүйлсийг хамгаалах үүргийг гүйцэтгэсэн гэж үзэж болох боловч, шүүх ба хууль тогтоох эрх мэдэл хоорондын зөрчилдөөнийг үүсгэсэн. Үр дүнд нь, тодорхой хязгаарлалт нь үндсэн хуулийн тогтвортой байдал, уян хатан байдлыг хангаж, үндсэн хуулийн үнэт зүйлсийг хамгаалахад илүү үр дүнтэй гэж үзэв. Иймд, шүүхийн хэт оролцооноос сэргийлж, дотоод болон гадаад хүчин зүйлээс үүдэн гарах эрсдэлийг бууруулахад тодорхой хязгаарлалт илүү оновчтой арга байна гэж дүгнэлээ.
Түлхүүр үг: Үндсэн хуулийн нэмэлт, өөрчлөлт; Нэмэлт, өөрчлөлтийн хязгаарлалт; Тодорхой хязгаарлалт; Далд хязгаарлалт; Үндсэн бүтцийн номлол; Мөнхийн заалт; Ардчилсан үнэт зүйлс; Үндсэн хуульт ёс; Шүүхийн хяналт; Үндэсний бүрэн эрхт байдал