National University of Mongolia Scientific Journals
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Empty Land, Empty Time? Anthropological Theory and the Challenge of Nomadic Civilization
No full textThis paper, based on lectures given at the National University of Mongolia, examines the effect of treating land and time as ‘empty’. It argues that the force of those effects is felt particularly acutely by nomadic peoples, and therefore that the study of nomadic civilizations has a crucial part to play in developing anthropological theory that can resist this misrepresentation. In particular, sedentary presumptions have exerted a powerful influence on our understanding of both land and time, treating unenclosed land as ‘waste’ and erasing the rhythm and time-depth of ‘unsettled’ landscapes. So what happens instead if we make mobility and movement the starting point for social theory
Biopolitical Shifts: Mobilising Identities and Negotiating Buryats-Mongols Relations in The Afterword of Russian War Mobilisation
No full textRussian full scale invasion of Ukraine has significant geopolitical and biopolitical consequences for Russian Buryats and Mongolian society. By referring to the existing literature on biopolitics and geopolitics, and the field research in Mongolia among Buryat migrants, the contributors show how the announcement of the partial mobilisation by Vladimir Putin on September 21st, 2022 affected lives of both Buryats and Mongols, and how the war affected Buryats – Mongols relations. Article shows how the Putin’s biopolitical regime was slowly getting tougher in the region and how it was experienced by the Buryats up to the announcement of mobilisation. Further, the article discusses the reactions of the Mongolian society on the massive migration of Buryats by investigating challenges it provoked for Mongolian civic organisations. Finally, the article shows how the Mongolian state became a subject of the Putin’s biopolitical and geopolitical regime, and what was a reaction of both politics and society on them
БНХАУ-ЫН МОНГОЛ ХЭЛНИЙ ШИНЭ МЕДИАГИЙН ХЭРЭГЛЭГЧДИЙН СУДАЛГАА
No full textThis paper discussed and analyzes the psychological, behavioral and linguistic characteristics of recipients from the perspective of new media, classifi es the types of recipients, reveals their typical characteristics, and comprehensively and systematically presents the overall picture of Inner Mongolian new media recipients. The study suggests that Mongolian new media audiences can be divided into three types: active creators, passive recipients, and entertainment-oriented people. Mongolian new media recipients have high cultural confi dence and high media literacy. Mongolian new media platforms are characterized by mobility, diversity, flexibility, and fragmentation
塔旺陶勒盖-嘎顺苏海图铁路、相关物流和基础设施发展问题: 博士. 纳仁通拉嘎
No full textOn September 9, 2022, Mongolia's first class, intersection-free, heavy-duty railway line between Tavan Tolgoi and Gashuunsukhait was put into operation. This railway has a main track length of 233.6 kilometers from the Tavan Tolgoi mine to Gashuunsukhait port, a gauge of 1520 mm, 2 stations at Tavan Tolgoi and Gashuunsukhait, 6 crossings, and a load capacity of 25 tons. Mongolia will transport and export 30-50 million tons of coking and thermal coal annually through this railway, and the cost of transporting coal from the Tavan Tolgoi mine to Gantzmod port in China will decrease from US12 per ton, a 4-fold decrease, and about 2,000 permanent jobs will be created.Today, the road has been laid up to the border crossing at Gashuunsukhait port, and the feasibility study and working drawings for the railway connection to the Gantzmod port of China are currently being prepared with the participation of the Third Bureau of the Chinese Railways. Therefore, the construction of the border railway in Mongolia will transform Gashuunsukhait port from its current status as a local border crossing to a multi-purpose international port for logistics
МОНГОЛД ГЭРЭЛ ЗУРГИЙН АЛБА ҮҮСЭЖ СЭТГҮҮЛ ЗҮЙН ХҮЧИРХЭГ ХҮЧИН ЗҮЙЛ, БИЕ ДААСАН УРЛАГ БОЛЖ ХӨГЖИЖ ТӨЛӨВШСӨН НЬ
No full textThis article provides a concise historical overview of the emergence and development of Mongolia’s photography service over roughly ninety years, tracing its roots from the early twentieth century—when only a few Mongolian photographers and foreign scholars documented everyday life—through the post-1921 period in which the state and ruling party recognized photography as a vital tool for documenting and promoting the new society, invited Soviet specialists, and, through key decisions such as the 1935 resolution, established fi lm and photography institutions in parallel.It shows how consistent policies to open studios nationwide, train photo correspondents, organize exhibitions, and supply newspapers with high-quality images led to the institutionalization of photography within the press, how the 1950s–1980s saw the consolidation of a State Photography Offi ce with laboratories, archives, international agency links, and a vast historical collection, and how the democratic transition expanded the fi eld through private agencies, professional associations, specialized publications, and competitions, concluding that photography has both preserved Mongolia’s living history and become an irreplaceable force
Impact of extreme climate events on spring vegetation phenology of Mongolia: Монгол орны ургамлын хаврын фенологид уур амьсгалын онцгой үзэгдлийн үзүүлэх нөлөө
No full textThe increasing frequency of extreme climate events may significantly alter the species composition, structure, and functionality of ecosystems, thereby diminishing their stability and resilience. This study draws on temperature and precipitation data from 53 meteorological stations across Mongolia, covering the period from 1983 to 2016, along with MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from 2001 to 2016. The climate anomaly method and the curvature method of cumulative NDVI logistic curves were employed to identify years of extreme climate events and to extract the start of the growing season (SOS) in Mongolia. Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of extreme climate events on the SOS across different vegetation types and evaluated the sensitivity of the SOS to extreme climate indices. The study results show that, compared to the multi-year average green-up period from 2001 to 2016, extreme climate events significantly impact the SOS. Extreme dryness advanced the SOS by 6.9 days, extreme wetness by 2.5 days, and extreme warmth by 13.2 days, while extreme cold delayed the SOS by 1.2 days. During extreme drought event, the sensitivity of SOS to TN90p (warm nights) was the highest; in extremely wet years, the sensitivity of SOS to TX10p (cool days) was the strongest; in extreme warm event, SOS was most sensitive to TX90p (warm days); and during extreme cold events, SOS was most sensitive to TNx (maximum night temperature). Overall, the SOS was most sensitive to extreme temperature indices during extreme climate events, with a predominantly negative sensitivity. The response and sensitivity of SOS to extreme climate events varied across different vegetation types. This is crucial for understanding the dynamic changes of ecosystems and assessing potential ecological risks
The Ideology of the 1914 “Ulsiin Erkh” and Mongolia’s Proclamation of Human Rights
No full text110 years ago, Tseveen Jamsran created “Ulsiin erkh” by order of Namnansuren Tugs-Ochir, Prime Minister of the Bogd Khanate Mongolia. “Ulsiin Erkh” describes the sovereignty of Mongolia, the separation of powers, a bicameral parliament, elections, and human rights, so it is reasonable to consider it as the first draft of the constitution. The content of human rights in the “Ulsiin Erkh” was compared to that in the Mongolian constitutions of 1924, 1940, 1960, and 1992. The 15 articles on human rights in the “Ulsiin Erkh” were fully reflected in the 1992 Constitution. The ideology of the “Ulsiin Erkh” was assessed in relation to the historical context of the time and the views of its author, Tseveen Jamsran. The authors of the article aimed to present the development of modern Mongolian understanding of human rights not as starting from the 1990 democratic revolution, but from the writing and proclamation of human rights in 1914, marking a 110-year history. They sought to introduce this perspective into academic discourse and challenge the established narrative.
1914 оны “Улсын эрх” бүтээлийн үзэл санаа ба Монголчуудын хүний эрхийг тунхагласан нь
Олноо өргөгдсөн Богд хаант Монгол Улсын хамаг хэргийн бүгд ерөнхийлөн шийтгэх яамны тэргүүн сайд, Сайн ноён хан Т.Намнансүрэнгийн зарлигаар Ж.Цэвээний туурвисан Улсын эрх бүтээлийг 110 жилийн тэртээ улсын бүрэн эрхт байдлыг тодорхойлж, засаглал, эрх мэдлийн хуваарилалт хүрээг тогтоож, хоёр танхимт парламент, сонгуулийг тусгаж, эрх мэдлийн хяналт, тэнцэл хийгээд хүний эрхийг тунхагласнаар нь анхны үндсэн хуулийн төсөл гэж дүгнэх үндэслэлтэй тухайд уг өгүүлэлд хөндсөн. “Улсын эрх” бүтээл дэх хүний эрхийн агуулгыг Монгол улсын 1924, 1940, 1960, 1992 оны үндсэн хуулийн хүний эрхийн агуулгатай харьцуулсан бөгөөд улсын эрх бүтээл дэх хүний эрхийн 15 зүйл агуулга нь 1992 оны үндсэн хуульд бүрэн туссан байна. Бүтээлийн үзэл санааг тухайн цаг үеийн нөхцөл байдал болон уг бүтээлийг зохиогч Ж.Цэвээний үзэл санаатай уялдуулан дүгнэсэн. Уг өгүүллийн зохиогчид нь Монголчуудын орчин үеийн хүний эрхийн тухай ойлголт хөгжил 1990 оны ардчилсан хувьсгалаас эхтэй бус 1914 онд хүний эрхийг бичиж, тунхагласан буюу 110 жилийн түүхтэй болохыг бичиж эрдэм шинжилгээний эргэлтэд оруулах, тогтсон хандлагыг эвдэхийг зорьсон.
Түлхүүр үг: Үндсэн хууль, улсын эрх, үндэсний эрх чөлөөний хувьсгал, Үндсэн хуулийн төсөл, хүний эрх
Environmental Rights in Mongolia and Beyond - A Comparative Analysis
No full textThis article investigates the global trend of incorporating environmental rights into constitutions, with a specific focus on Mongolia’s constitutional framework. It analyses the revolution of environmental rights on a global scale while highlighting Mongolia’s unique approach to integrating substantive and procedural environmental rights, as well as an individual environmental duty, into the 1992 constitution. The authors argue that while constitutional environmental rights offer a powerful framework and legal mechanism for environmental protection, their effectiveness depends on consistent application and enforcement and on genuinely reflecting the context in which the rights are addressed. Thus, the article concludes by suggesting in-depth, context-sensitive studies to understand the practical impact of environmental rights in Mongolia and elsewhere, ultimately aiming to enhance the lives of those most vulnerable to environmental degradation.
Эрүүл орчинд амьдрах эрх Монгол ба дэлхийн дахинд: Харьцуулсан судла
СЭТГҮҮЛ ЗҮЙН СУДЛАЛД ШИНЭЛЭГ АЛХАМ ХИЙСЭН БҮТЭЭЛ
No full textThis review analyzes Dr. D.Narantuya’s monograph titled “The Role of Mongolian National Public Television in the Social Concsiousness of Mongolia” and discusses its strengths and weaknesses in detail. Based on this analysis, the review concludes that the merits of this work lie in the fact that the author approached the chosen topic from various angles, thoroughly research it, investigated the problem creatively, made a clear attempt to examine mass media challenges in connection with other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities, and laid the foundation of this approach