National University of Mongolia Scientific Journals
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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary: Constitutional Scope and Constraints
No full textThis article examines the forms and substance of artificial intelligence and briefly addresses the criteria for its compliance with constitutional principles. Based on common examples of the use of artificial intelligence in courts, it analyzes how ethical considerations and emotional responses can be taken into account in judicial decision-making, and therefore whether it is possible to reach fair decisions without violating human rights. The article leaves open the question of who should bear ultimate responsibility for the judicial decision-making software: the lawyer or the software developer.
Хиймэл оюун ухааныг шүүхэд ашиглах нь: Үндсэн хуулийн хүрээ, хязгаар
Уг нийтлэлд хиймэл оюун ухааны хэлбэр болон агуулгыг авч үзэхийн зэрэгцээ үндсэн хуульд нийцэх шалгуур нь ямар байх талаар товч хөндөнө. Мөн хиймэл оюун ухааныг шүүхэд ашигласан зарим нийтлэг жишээнд үндэслэн, шийдвэр гаргахад ёс зүй болон сэтгэл хөдлөлийн хариу урвалыг хэрхэн тооцох, харгалзах, үүгээрээ хүний эрхийг зөрчихгүй, шударга шийдвэр гаргах боломжтой эсэх асуудалд дүгнэлт өгнө. Шүүхийн шийдвэр гаргах програм хангамжийн эцсийн хариуцлагыг хэн үүрэх вэ: хуульч уу, программ хөгжүүлэгч үү? гэсэн асуултыг уншигчдад нээлттэй үлдээнэ.
Түлхүүр үг: Үндсэн хууль, шүүх, хүний эрх, хиймэл оюун ухаан, легитим чанар, ёс зүй, хариуцлага
ТӨРӨӨС АРИЛЖААНЫ ТЕЛЕВИЗҮҮДЭД ОЛГОЖ БУЙ ДАВУУ БАЙДАЛД ХИЙСЭН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ
No full textThis paper explains Mongolian example that using mass medias as a tool to influence public opinion under the Broadcasting Law. In 2019, amendments to the Broadcasting Law allowed 18 commercial televisions to collect “fees” from “viewers”. However, in other countries there is no such standard that state pay legal fees for non-public, privately owned media outlets. This non-standard regulations are compared with how broadcasting is supported in other countries. In addition to conducting qualitative interviews with stakeholders about the Broadcasting Law, this study analyzed whether commercial television stations are fulfilling their legal obligations. It also compared how broadcasting is supported in other countries around the world
НЭВТРҮҮЛГИЙН ЗОХИОЛЫН АГУУЛГА, ХЭЛБЭР, ХИЙЦИЙН НЭГДЭЛ БУЮУ ТУУРВИЛ ЗҮЙН ОНЦЛОГ
No full textThe article discusses the tv show’s screenplay and narrative features according to Chatman’s structuralist model of narrative text. The combination of content, format and genre of a tv show’s script is not only a journalistic activity that creates information with meaning, but also a professional work that, in a broad sense, creates a way to understand people, society at an operational level
ТЕЛЕВИЗИЙН ХӨРӨГ НЭВТРҮҮЛЭГТ ХИЙСЭН ХАНДАЛТЫН СУДАЛГАА
No full textThis study aims to determine the views, attitudes, and values of television portrait programs among citizens, clarify the demand for this type of program in the television industry, and get a general picture of what portrait creators should pay attention to. The viewer's television watching and access survey was conducted in October and November 2024, covering 480 television viewers at the national level. 
Бэлчээрийн малын сүүнээс хүүхдийн нэмэлт сүүн тэжээл гарган авах технологийн боломж
No full textЭнэхүү судалгааны ажлаар бэлчээрийн малын сүүг ашиглан монгол эхийн сүүний найрлагатай ойролцоо найрлага бүхий хүүхдийн нэмэлт сүүн тэжээлийг гарган авах тохиромжтой нөхцөлийг тогтоолоо. Эхийн сүү нь нялхсын өсөлт хөгжилтөнд шаардлагатай шим тэжээлээ авах хамгийн төгс хүнс юм. Харин нялхсын нэмэлт сүүн тэжээл нь эхийн сүүгээр хооллох боломжгүй нялхаст эхийн сүүнээс авах уураг, нүүрс ус, амин дэмээ хангах боломжийг олгодог. Иймээс монгол эхийн сүүний тос, уураг, лактозын найрлагатай төсөөтэй найрлага бүхий нэмэлт сүүн тэжээл гарган авах боломж байгаа эсэхийг судлах нь бидний ажлын зорилго болсон юм. Ингэхдээ ингэ болон гүүний сүүнд полиханаагүй тосны хүчил өндөр байдаг онцгой шинж чанарыг ашиглан бусад малын тосгүйжүүлсэн сүүгээр баяжуулан сүүн тэжээл гарган авах нь чухал үзүүлэлт болно. Иймд бэлчээрийн малын гаралтай 6 төрлийн 7 сүүний дээж цуглуулж түүхий сүүн дээр биохимийн үзүүлэлтийг тодорхойлж гүү болон ингэний сүүтэй тодорхой харьцаагаар хольсон. Дээжүүдэд PCA аргаар статистик боловсруулалтыг хийсэн. Ингэхэд гүү болон ямааны холимог сүүний тос нь 3 сартай эхийн сүүтэй харин үнээ болон ингэний холимог сүүний тос нь 18 сартай эхийн сүүний тосны агууламжтай ойролцоо болж байгааг туршилтаар тогтоосон
Evaluation of the GPM precipitation products over the Khar lake - Khovd river basin, Western Mongolia: GPM-ийн мэдээ ашиглан Хар нуур - Ховд голын сав газрын хур тунадсыг үнэлэх нь
No full textConsidering the insufficient density of the hydro-meteorological observation network in our country, it is crucial to test, verify, validate, and calibrate high-resolution spatiotemporal data derived from satellite products and numerical models are essential to enhance their accuracy and applicability for regional-scale hydrological and climatic analyses. In this study, we selected the Khar Lake-Khovd River watershed, located in the western region of Mongolia and part of the Central Asian endorheic basin. We analyzed the long-term precipitation records from eight meteorological stations within the watershed and compared them with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, which have a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.10° × 0.10°. To assess the relationship between observed and satellite-derived precipitation data, we used correlation coefficients at both spatial and individual observation point scales. The results indicate a strong correlation (r = 0.85) between the watershed-wide average precipitation calculated using the Thiessen polygon method and the GPM-derived average precipitation. This suggests that GPM data provide a reliable estimate of total precipitation over the watershed. Furthermore, a statistical analysis was conducted using precipitation data sampled at 937 points to evaluate the influence of surface elevation on GPM precipitation estimates. The results showed a weak correlation between precipitation and elevation. At individual observation points, the correlation between GPM data and meteorological station records was moderate (r = 0.6), which may be attributed to the 0.10° × 0.10° (approximately 10 km × 10 km) spatial resolution of GPM data. Seasonal analysis of GPM precipitation data reveals a spatially scattered pattern during the warm season, whereas in winter, approximately 70% of the lake and wetland areas receive 5–10 mm of precipitation. This pattern reflects the unique characteristics of atmospheric circulation and regional climate dynamics
Changes in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains and its correlation with major climatic factors: Иншань нурууны хойд хэсгийн ургамлын цэвэр анхдагч бүтээгдэхүүний өөрчлөлт болон уур амьсгалын хүчин зүйлсийн харилцан хамаарал
No full textThe northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains lie at the intersection of arid and semi-arid regions, where vegetation is predominantly composed of desert steppes. The ecological environment in this area is highly fragile, and vegetation dynamics serve as sensitive indicators of regional climate change. This study analyzes changes in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) and its response to climatic factors from 2001 to 2020, employing Theil-Sen trend analysis and statistical methods to assess spatial and temporal patterns. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between NPP variability and climate variables. The results indicate the following:(1) The 20-year average NPP in the region is 152.3 gC/(m²·a), with interannual variation ranging from 103.9 to 194.7 gC/(m²·a). The spatial trend of NPP generally shows an upward trajectory, with slopes between 1 and 3. (2) There is a strong positive correlation between annual precipitation and annual NPP across 95.62% of the area, while no significant correlation is observed between annual NPP and annual mean temperature. Seasonally, spring temperature shows a significant positive correlation with annual NPP over 28.93% of the area. In contrast, summer temperature exhibits a significant negative correlation with NPP in 20.57% of the region, while autumn temperature shows no notable relationship. Regarding precipitation, spring precipitation has little influence, with only 0.5% of the area showing a significant positive correlation with annual NPP. Summer precipitation, however, displays a strong positive correlation across 95.66% of the region. Autumn precipitation has limited influence, with a significant positive correlation found in just 2.86% of the area
Morphometric Analysis of the Numrug River Basin in Eastern Mongolia: Дорнод Монголын Нөмрөг голын сав газрын морфометрийн шинжилгээ
No full textThe Numrug River basin is situated in the eastern part of Khalkhgol soum, Dornod Province, extending across the border into China. Topographically, the basin is relatively elevated compared to its surrounding areas, and Cenozoic-aged basalt formations are distributed throughout the region. This study applies morphometric analysis to characterize the morphological features of the Numrug River basin. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, geometric, linear, areal, relief, and morphotectonic indices of the basin were identified. The total area of the Numrug River basin is 4,356.68 km², with a basin length of 100.62 km, a width of 43.30 km, and a perimeter measuring 540.51 km. The basin comprises 1,040 first-order, 218 second-order, 52 third-order, 14 fourth-order, 4 fifth-order, and 1 sixth-order stream segments. The cumulative stream length is 3,117.06 km, distributed by order as follows: first-order – 1,594.26 km; second-order – 733.41 km; third-order – 397.90 km; fourth-order – 180.63 km; fifth-order – 108.46 km; and sixth-order – 102.40 km. The basin exhibits relatively low drainage density, pronounced surface dissection, and high infiltration and percolation rates, resulting in limited surface runoff. Regarding slope characteristics, most of the basin features gentle to moderate slopes. Morphotectonic analysis indicates a westward tilting of the basin, while hypsometric analysis suggests that the river is at a mature geomorphic development stage. The basin’s shape and associated morphotectonic indices imply a moderate degree of tectonic activity. In the future, this methodology will be used for tectonic geomorphological analyses of major rivers and streams in Mongolia, contributing to a deeper understanding of land surface evolution and development patterns
АНУ-ын гадаад бодлогын шийдвэр гаргалт: Конгресс ба улс төрийн намуудын үүрэг, оролцоо: П.Мягмардорж
No full textThis research paper aims to determine the position of the Congress, which is mainly involved in making foreign policy decisions of the US, and the political groups working together within the framework of the two main parties, the Republican Party, and the Democratic Party, on foreign policy issues. Among the factions within the Republican Party, the "Neoconservatives" and the "Hardline Conservatives" advocate a more rigid stance on foreign policy decision-making, even the use of military force to protect the nation's interests. However, the 'Trumpists' were formed later in this party, take a different position from the previous two groups in some cases Republican Isolationists take the position of isolating the United States from world politics, and the Traditional Internationalists take the United States to an active position in world politics. Among the groups of the Democratic Party, the Liberal Internationalists are expected to protect the interests of the United States by creating and confirming the international collective security system, and today, the group occupies a significant position in the country's decision-making. Thus, by defining the position of the political group that plays a key role in US foreign policy decision-making, what position does Mongolia take when communicating with the country's influential politicians and other politicians, diplomats, and researchers within their "third neighbor policy", it is possible to predict what foreign policy concepts they will adhere to in dealing with other countries
КИРИЛЛ МОНГОЛ ҮСГЭЭР ЯПОН ҮГИЙГ ХЭРХЭН ГАЛИГЛАХ ТУХАЙ－НЭР ҮГИЙГ ГОЛ БОЛГОЖ ДУРДАХ НЬ: HOW TO TRANSCRIBE JAPANESE WORDS IN THE MONGOLIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NOUNS
No full textThis paper briefly mentions how Japanese words, especially proper nouns have been transcribed so far in the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, corrects errors in specific examples in detail, and aims to find out regular and correct transcription rules with special emphasis on three levels: phonetics, word structure, and translation.
In order to clarify the difference between transcribing directly from Japanese and adopting transcription directly from other languages, we have explained the pronunciation correspondence between the Japanese alphabet and the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, correcting errors in the examples.
The orthography of Mongolian and Japanese, as well as the pronunciation of words in both languages, were fully taken into consideration.
As a result of this study, a first attempt was made to establish rules for transcribing Japanese words in the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet