LnuOpen (Linnaeus University)
Not a member yet
3576 research outputs found
Sort by
Trajectories of offending across life course in out-of-home care
Get PDFDespite prior research showing associations between out-of-home care (OHC) placement and criminal involvement, studies on how OHC-experienced individuals' offending patterns change across the life course have been scarce. Recent academic additions suggest that OHC-experienced individuals have substantially elevated risks of following chronic offending patterns, particularly among those who were first placed during adolescence. Using longitudinal prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigen (SBU Multigen, n≈14,000), this study aims to map out the movement of formerly OHC-placed individuals in the criminal justice system from adolescence (15 years) to retirement (65 years). The intent is to explore heterogeneity in offending trajectories in these individuals compared to same-aged peers without OHC experiences. A comparison group consisting of individuals who were investigated by the Child Welfare Services (CWS) but were not placed is utilized to improve causal inference. Results from sex-separate group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic analyses show that OHC-experienced individuals have significantly higher risks of following criminal trajectories characterized by high rates and persistent offending across the life course compared to those without such experiences. Those displaying the highest risks of following high-rate and persistent offending trajectories were those placed due to individual behavior or a combination of individual behavior and family circumstances, as well as those placed in multiple types of care. Individuals investigated by the CWS also have higher risks of following criminal trajectories characterized by high rates and persistent offending, albeit less risk than those placed in OHC, compared to the general population. While men and women follow similar patterns of continuity and change across the life course, men with OHC experiences still show a higher risk of offending compared to the general population. The findings have implications for understanding OHC-experienced offending patterns and highlight the necessity of early intervention. Further efforts to improve causal inference are needed.Despite prior research showing associations between out-of-home care (OHC) placement and criminal involvement, studies on how OHC-experienced individuals' offending patterns change across the life course have been scarce. Recent academic additions suggest that OHC-experienced individuals have substantially elevated risks of following chronic offending patterns, particularly among those who were first placed during adolescence. Using longitudinal prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigen (SBU Multigen, n≈14,000), this study aims to map out the movement of formerly OHC-placed individuals in the criminal justice system from adolescence (15 years) to retirement (65 years). The intent is to explore heterogeneity in offending trajectories in these individuals compared to same-aged peers without OHC experiences. A comparison group consisting of individuals who were investigated by the Child Welfare Services (CWS) but were not placed is utilized to improve causal inference. Results from sex-separate group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic analyses show that OHC-experienced individuals have significantly higher risks of following criminal trajectories characterized by high rates and persistent offending across the life course compared to those without such experiences. Those displaying the highest risks of following high-rate and persistent offending trajectories were those placed due to individual behavior or a combination of individual behavior and family circumstances, as well as those placed in multiple types of care. Individuals investigated by the CWS also have higher risks of following criminal trajectories characterized by high rates and persistent offending, albeit less risk than those placed in OHC, compared to the general population. While men and women follow similar patterns of continuity and change across the life course, men with OHC experiences still show a higher risk of offending compared to the general population. The findings have implications for understanding OHC-experienced offending patterns and highlight the necessity of early intervention. Further efforts to improve causal inference are needed
Remediating photography in community archives and the question ofepistemic reparations
Get PDFCommunity photographic archives are distinguished by their bottom up and inclusive approaches, which are rooted in participatory archiving methodologies, including open source access and grassroots contributions (Ruchel-Stockmans 2022). These archives constitute new intermedial networks, in which historical and analogue vernacular photography is reshaped into novel assemblages. In the context of a digitally interconnected environment, characterized by heightened connectivity and accessibility, digital community archives hold the potential to forge a more diverse and inclusive understanding of the past and foster broader participation (Azoulay 2019). This includes the amplification of marginalized perspectives, notably those of African American communities. Using Fortepan Iowa as a case study, a digital photographic archive to which Iowans can upload their private photographs, this paper aims to examine the affordances and challenges of the community archive in shaping a diversified view of history. We will argue that an intermedial perspective can shed light on how the transfer of photographs from an analogue format and a private sphere into a digital heritage environment reconfigures these personal souvenirs into catalysts of collective memory. Drawing from a social justice and epistemic reparations approach (Caswell & Punzalan 2016; Lackey 2022), this research seeks to uncover how social exclusion can be resisted or—sometimes inadvertently— perpetuated. As such, this paper aims to contribute to a critical understanding of the possibilities and challenges which community photographic archives face to surpass historic prejudice and construct a more diverse understanding of the past
Literature for a non-dystopian digital future: A Brazilian example
Get PDFThe end of the 20th century introduced the digital into our lives quickly and unequivocally. In just three decades, the personal computer, the internet and the mobile phone, at first perceived as technical media, gave rise to qualified media (ELLESTRÖM, 2017; 2020) without which it is no longer possible to live. The presence of these media affects our manner of living and all our affections, changing the way we feel about the others and the way we feel concerned with environment. Within the perspective of these considerations, this work aims to reflect on the role of digital technologies for a future whose roots are found in a present of identity questions (such as alterity) and a growing environmental crisis. Bearing in mind the critical reading proposed by Martin Puchner in Literature for a Changing Planet (2022), the work undertakes this reflection by analysing the novel O som do rugido da onça (The Sound of the Jaguar's Roar), by the Brazilian writer Micheliny Verunschk (2021). In this novel, digital communication plays a fundamental role, in connecting the present of an acculturated indigenous character, immersed in an urban reality, to the historical past of colonization, in which German expeditioners took two children as souvenirs or “samples” of Brazilian nature, along with plants and animals of various kinds. Technology, thus encompassing everything from the galleon to the smartphone in the novel, propitiates discoveries, adventures, feelings and questions about the future of both the indigenous protagonist and the civilizing ideal that has appeased her culture and dominated the planet. In contrast to predominantly dystopian readings of the contemporary world or the so-called “climate fiction” (ANDERSEN, 2019), as well as ecocriticism (BRUHN, 2021), this work sees in Verunschk’s novel a glimpse of a possible future world in which current digital communication does not appear as a villain to the natural world but articulates affections that enable a new relationship with it
Reading the fictional database
Get PDFIn The Language of New Media, Manovich argues that database culture would replace narrative. Due to their different ways of organising the world, he viewed the two cultural forms as “natural enemies” (2001, p.225). Whereas a narrative orders events in a cause-and-effect trajectory, a database rejects order in its listing of items and events. In contrast, N. Katherine Hayles proposes that narrative and database can more appropriately be understood as “natural symbionts” (2007, p.1603). She argues that databases create connections between different elements, and narrative is essential to interpret and explain these connections. Contrastingly, to van Alphen, this expected decline of narrative and the increasing prominence of the database at the turn of the millennium triggered “the rise of the archive” (2017) within the art world. In my research of contemporary multimodal literature, I note a similar growing interest in the archive. Yet rather than confirming a decline in narrative, I argue that a sub-genre of multimodal fiction constructs symbiotic narrative and database relationships through multimodal archival poetics.
In this paper, I thus take Manovich’s and Hayles’ views as my starting point to explore database aesthetics in contemporary multimodal and transmedia fiction spanning from page to screen. I analyse Leanne Shapton’s Important Artifacts (2009), Aaron A. Reed and Jacob Garbe’s transmedia novel The Icebound Concordance (2014), and Sam Barlow’s videogame Immortality (2022). To analyse the multimodal database aesthetics of these works and elucidate the reading process, I apply a synthesised multimodal cognitive stylistic approach (Gibbons 2012, Nørgaard 2018) combined with Mason’s interrelation framework (2019). 
Digital Art and the Book Covers of Pinaki De as Response Text
Get PDFTraditional Literary Studies have often overlooked the transition of Book Cover illustration due to a disciplinary bias towards the written text over the visual narratives, dismissing them as mere commercial necessities. The paper intends to move beyond this prejudice by focusing on select covers designed by Pinaki De (B.T. Road/ The Hollow, The Garden of Solitude, Lost and Found, Mice in Men), through the analysis of the dynamics of text with their respective Cover, and show the Book Covers as intermedially remediating the text by the deployment of digital art that helps transcend the structural limitations of conventional art; as a result, they emerge as the first available visual reader response attached to the physicality of the text; for instance, in the Cover of Mice in Men, the effect of image morphing facilitated by digital pen and template establishes a visual connection between the visible eyebrow of the third panel and the mice of the first and final panel. The rendering bears no direct connection with the text but reflects the reader response of the illustrator; hence, a nuanced dialogue between Book Cover, the text, and the author emerges, intimating a new kind of visibility that is a symptomatic reflection of the decentralizing politics of the digital era, that, in scholarship and practice, intends to create “a new ‘we’ of community”. Thus, the paper claims a redefining of the significance of Book Covers in contemporary literary discourse and proclaims the liminal space between digital and humanities as more collegial and humanitarian, than ever before
Intermediality and transductive digital world literature
Get PDFJerome McGann argues that “all text is marked text” with its “physical embodiments that shape the ideas and the process of thought.” From an intermediality standpoint, all the building blocks of communication, including the basic medium of “surface,” are mediated through technical and modalities choices (Elleström 2021). McGann’s articulation of the “markup” in terms of “the documentary level of your reading: paper, ink, book design, or the markup that controls not the documentary status of the text but its linguistic status” in his essay, “16. Marking Texts of Many Dimensions,” refers to the “qualifying” and “contextualizing” aspects of media in Elleström’s terms. Given the logic of change, then, how can the encoded literature that circulates in the digital domain be interpreted? Presently, pre-individual hyperlinks and hypermedia are employed to represent the database of encoded literary texts in terms of “intermediality.” This includes the internet, social media platforms, blogs, hashtags, Twitter, and the world wide web. By integrating machine learning algorithms and user-supplied data through artificial intelligence-trained neural networks, transductive Intermedia, an emerging technology, enables increased “hyper-connectivity” and “interoperability” across various platforms and devices (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, or YouTube). The touchscreen or electronic interface functions to demonstrate how “code” can be regarded as a fundamental component of the “surface” in the context of a digital database of world literature. From the perspective of “intermediality,” the purpose of this presentation is to reevaluate the repercussions of the difficulties posed by the convergence of artificial intelligence, digital humanities, and digitized/born-digital world literature. 
Resonant Icons: The Role of Music in Shaping Video Game Characters
Get PDFVideo games are an increasingly relevant medium for entertainment and storytelling, driving technological innovation forward and exercising human creativity in order to achieve new ways to tell stories. Characters are one of the many parts of a video game and, in many cases, they may transcend the given setting of a product, becoming icons of their own, as is the case of Mario, from Nintendo, and Sonic, from Sega. The aim of this presentation is to outline the foundations of a project for a future doctorate research in the field of Intermedial Studies. The objective of this incipient research is to analyze and understand how music and characters are related in video games, especially when it comes to their characterization. As a starting point, this presentation is based on Signe Kjær Jensen’s 2021 dissertation, in which she studies the reception of film music and animation film by young audiences, focusing on how these two media types relate and help shape the interpretation that this demographic has of such characters. The intermedial nature of the relations between music and characters in video games becomes apparent when one considers the different media types involved in this context, following the model for analyzing media proposed by Lars Elleström in 2021: the characters are normally images, still or moving, presented through the computer screen and captured by our eyes; while music is, essentially, sound waves captured by our ears. However, a song can emphasize certain features of a character depending on many factors, such as its tempo or the instruments used, evoking certain physical characteristics of this participant of the narrative, which would normally be captured by our eyes
Forskningslitteracitet i praktiken: Lärares motiv till att läsa och använda forskning
No full textThe Swedish Education Act states that education should be based on scientific grounding and proven experience. The basic idea is that teaching based on research will be both better and more effective. To be able to fulfil this, teachers need research literacy, an ability to understand, evaluate, and use research for practice. Earlier research has to a large extent focused on barriers and prerequisites for teachers’ utilisation of research for teaching. Scholars suggest that teachers need to take an active role in the process of integrate research and practice. However, the knowledge about what teachers need to know to fulfil this and what motivates them, is still sparse.
This paper aims to contribute knowledge on what aspects of research literacy appear when teachers talk about how they use research related to their teaching. Two research questions have been posed: 1) what motives do teach-ers have for reading research?, 2) which aspects of research literacy emerge when teachers talk about research use?
13 experienced teachers have been interviewed. They work at different levels in Swedish schools and teach different subjects. The research follows good research practice according to the Swedish Research Council. The audio recorded interviews have been transcribed and analysed using content analy-sis. The analysis was based on self-determination theory and research literacy.
The results indicate that intrinsic motivation is important for the partici-pating teachers’ research use. When they search for, read, and use research, the teachers appear to experience a sense of autonomy, competence and be-longing. Furthermore, there are indications that the sense of belonging is strengthened when teachers read and discuss research together with their colleagues. Their sense of competence is strengthened since they experience that reading research extends their vocabulary and helps them to put into words what happens in the classroom.
The results also show that another driving force for research engagement is altruistic motivation. The teachers describe that they read research to be able to make the best teaching for their students. The teachers want to be-come better and develop their competence because they meat students with different backgrounds and different prerequisites to learn.
In conclusion, different motives for using research leads to different active-ties connected to research literacy. On one hand, when teachers are intrinsic-cally motivated, they tend to search for, read, and use research for teaching. On the other hand, extrinsically motivated teachers tend to read research, but do not talk about that they use it.Enligt den svenska skollagen ska utbildning vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet. En förutsättning för att kunna uppfylla detta är att lärare har förmåga att förstå, värdera och använda forskning i sin undervisning, något som benämns forskningslitteracitet. Den här studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur forskningslitteracitet kommer till uttryck hos lärare när de berättar hur de tar del av och använder forskning i relation till sin undervisning. Datamaterialet utgörs av transkriberade intervjuer, med 13 erfarna lärare, som har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Dessutom har självbestämmandeteorin fungerat som ett analytiskt raster. Resultatet visar att inre motivation att ta del av forskning leder till aktiviteterna: söka, läsa och använda forskning, som alla är aspekter av forskningslitteracitet. Drivkraften är en känsla av autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. När lärare har en yttre motivation läser de forskning, men de beskriver inte att de sedan använder det de läst. Här är det känslan av tillhörighet som är den främsta drivkraften, och då i termer av att inte vilja vara den enda som inte har läst. Lärare tar också del av forskning baserat på altruistisk motivation, alltså utifrån att de vill utveckla sin egen kompetens för elevernas skull
Elevsynpunkter som grund för lärares kompetensutveckling
No full textDenna essä beskriver hur 8-, 11- och 14-åringar i Stockholm stad bedömt livet i skolan och kvaliteten på lärarnas arbete under 11 år. Skillnader i upplevelser bland elever i kommunala respektive fristående skolor skildras och jämförelser görs mellan utfallet för elevgrupper och år. I essän diskuteras också i vilken grad som ledningen för Stockholms skolväsende förmått att använda sig av sina egna brukarundersökningar där elever besvarat enkäter, som underlag för förbättringsåtgärder i kommunens skolor. Några alternativa vägar anges för hur kompetensutveckling bland lärare skulle kunnat komma till användning under det aktuella decenniet
