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Remarks on Dating the Construction of the Romanesque cathedral in Zadar
No full textŠtivo je osvrt autora knjige o romaničkoj katedrali u Zadru na zapažanja o njoj koja je iznio Predrag Marković s Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Uz zapise Daniela Farlatija, povjesničara iz 18. stoljeća, Marković tumači da je izgradnja crkve započela potkraj 12. stoljeća te je dovršena stoljeće potom. Ipak, ne postoje vjerodostojni povijesni izvori iz vremena građenja bazilike. Stoga pisac knjige o njoj arhitekturu crkve povezuje s kulturnim ambijentom u kojem je nastala, a u kojem su tijekom 12. stoljeća podignute i ostale romaničke sakralne građevine u Zadru. Zato katedralu datira u vrijeme prvoga zadarskog nadbiskupa Lampridija (1154. – 1178.). Poslije, u doba nadbiskupa Lovre Perijandera (1245. – 1287.) ona je produžena na pročelnoj strani, čak s nekim elementima već gotičke arhitekture, te posvećena 1285. godine.This paper is a response by the author of the book about the Romanesque cathedral in Zadar on the observations made by Predrag Marković from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. Based on the writings of Daniele Farlati, an 18th-century historian, Marković suggests that the construction of the church began at the end of the 12th century and was completed a century later. However, there are no reliable historical sources from the time of the construction. Therefore, the author of the book connects the church’s architecture with the cultural environment in which it was created, and in which other Romanesque sacral buildings in Zadar were built during the 12th century. All this suggests that the cathedral dates back to the time of the first Archbishop of Zadar, Lampridije (1154–1178). Later, during Archbishop Lovro Perijander (1245–1287), it was extended on the front side, even with some elements of Gothic architecture, and consecrated in 1285
Lutkarske transpozicije suvremenih slikovnica
No full textU radu se analiziraju odabrane suvremene lutkarske predstave izvedene prema slikovnicama kao predlošcima s ciljem utvrđivanja karakteristika koje povezuju slikovnicu i lutkarsko kazalište te načina na koje se u lutkarskim predstavama očituju transformirani verbalno-vizualni elementi slikovnica prema kojima su predstave izvedene. Polazi se od zajedničkih karakteristika slikovnice i lutkarske predstave kao što je višemodalnost slikovnice odnosno sinteza više umjetnosti kao sastavnica lutkarske predstave, te od teze Milana Čečuka (2009) prema kojoj je ekspresija slikovnice na različite načine prisutna u lutkarskim predstavama koje autor interpretira kao oživljene trodimenzijske slikovnice. U svim analiziranim lutkarskim predstavama prisutni su tijek radnje i vizualna ekspresija slikovnice na način koji doprinosi razvijanju scenske dinamike te je slikovničko nizanje prizora prisutno u transformiranju verbalnih i vizualnih diskursa slikovnica predložaka u komponente lutkarskih predstava.The paper examines selected contemporary puppet theater transpositions of picturebooks in order to explore the connections between picturebooks and puppet theater, focusing on how transformed verbal-visual elements of picturebooks are manifested in puppet plays. The starting point are common characteristics of picturebooks and puppet plays, such as the multimodal nature of picturebooks – the synthesis of various art forms as a component of puppet plays. The analysis is informed by Milan Čečuk’s thesis (2009) that picturebook expression is evident in multiple ways in puppet plays, which the author interprets as animated three-dimensional picturebooks. In all the analyzed puppet plays, the narrative progression and visual expression of the picturebook are retained in ways that enhance stage dynamics. Additionally, the transformation of verbal and visual discourses of picturebook templates into components of puppet plays is reflected in the pictorial sequencing of scenes
Pogreške studenata u pisanju eseja na engleskom kao stranom jeziku
No full textLearning a second or foreign language (L2/FL) involves mastering basic language skills, with writing being the most challenging and often problematic for L2 learners. Despite its importance, writing has historically been overlooked in L2 instruction (Carter & Nunan, 2001), even though it is regarded as one of the most difficult aspects of L2 learning (Hyland, 2004). Errors are considered inevitable and important in L2 learning (James, 2001), providing insight into what learners have or have not yet mastered. L2 learners often make errors in writing due to various factors, including negative transfer or interference from their first language (L1), which are classified as interlingual errors. In contrast, errors arising from a lack of knowledge of L2 rules are referred to as intralingual errors (Saville-Troike, 2008). This study aimed to identify errors in L2 English essay writing among students. Fifty-three students from a higher education institution training primary school teachers, who had taken English as a Foreign Language classes as part of their study programme, participated in the research. The students were tasked with writing a 350-word opinion essay on a specified topic. Quantitative and qualitative error analysis has revealed that the students made more interlingual than intralingual errors, with the most frequent errors involving articles, prepositions, spelling, and capitalisation. The study also found that although the first language was not the only source of errors, it still influenced the L2 English writing process. These findings align with other studies (e.g., Phuket & Othman, 2015; Patekar, 2017; Shakir, Rasool & Khan, 2020). The study results suggest that more practice in explicit L2 teaching and targeted instruction is needed to enhance students’ writing skills at the higher education level.Usvajanje drugog/stranog jezika podrazumijeva usvajanje temeljnih jezičnih vještina, među kojima je najzahtjevnija vještina pisanje, što predstavlja značajan problem govornicima drugog jezika. U procesu poučavanja drugog jezika, jezična vještina pisanja dugo je bila zanemarena (Carter & Nunan, 2001), iako se smatra najizazovnijom u učenju drugog jezika (Hyland, 2004). U ovladavanju drugim jezikom, učeničke pogreške promatraju se kao nezaobilazne i (sasvim) prirodne (James, 2001), dajući informaciju o tome što (ni)je učenik naučio. Učenici drugog jezika čine pogreške pri pisanju, od kojih je negativan jezični transfer ili interferencija jedan od njihovih ishodišta. Takve se pogreške mogu svrstati u međujezične, za razliku od onih unutarjezičnih koje podrazumijevaju nedovoljno poznavanje pravila drugog jezika (Saville- Troike, 2008). Cilj je istraživanja utvrditi pogreške studenata u pisanju eseja na engleskom kao stranom jeziku. U istraživanju su sudjelovali studenti učiteljskog studija (N = 53) koji uče engleski jezik kao dio obaveznog programa. Imali su zadatak napisati esej na zadanu temu. Nakon provedene kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize, rezultati su ukazali više na njihove međujezične nego unutarjezične pogreške, a najčešće su griješili pri uporabi člana, odabiru prijedloga i primjeni pravopisnih pravila. Istraživanje je također pokazalo da materinski jezik, iako nije jedini izvor pogrešaka, utječe na pisanje na engleskom kao stranom jeziku. Slične su rezultate potvrdila i prethodna istraživanja (npr. Phuket & Norman, 2015; Patekar, 2017; Shakir, Rasool & Khan, 2020). Rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju da je potrebno više jezičnih vježbi u neposrednom razrednom okruženju da bi se ovladalo vještinom pisanja na stranom jeziku na sveučilišnoj razini
Anticommunist “Reactionaries” in Dubrovnik and the Activities of Frano Kolumbić
No full textU prvim godinama nakon Drugog svjetskog rata na većem dijelu hrvatskog prostora javljali su se vojni i politički oblici protukomunističkog otpora. Iako će djelovanje gerilskih križarskih skupina biti okončano početkom 50-ih god. 20. st., političke ilegalne organizacije nastavile su djelovati i nakon tog razdoblja. Ovaj je rad osvrt na jednu takvu grupu koja je djelovala u Dubrovniku 1953. i 1954., a čiji su članovi razotkriveni u srpnju 1954. i zatim osuđeni na zatvorske kazne. Riječ je o grupi s kojom je osuđen i istaknuti dubrovački HSSovac Frano Kolumbić čiji se dosje se čuva u Državnom arhivu u Splitu. Na temelju analiziranih podataka može se uočiti da je Kolumbićev slučaj potrebno pozicionirati u širi kontekst hrvatskog političkog protukomunističkog otpora tijekom 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća, naročito iz perspektive „ideološke izgradnje“ poslijeratne generacije sveučilištaraca u kojoj su značajnu ulogu mogli odigrati nekadašnji HSS-ovci.In the first post-war years, military and political forms of anti-communist resistance operated in most of the Croatian territory. Although the activities of guerrilla crusader groups would end in the early 1950s, illegal political organizations continued to operate even after this period. This paper dwells on one such group that operated in Dubrovnik in 1953 and 1954, and whose members were exposed in July 1954 and then sentenced to prison. Prominent Dubrovnik HSS member Frano Kolumbić, whose file is kept in the State Archives in Split, was convicted with this group. Based on the data analyzed, it can be concluded that Kolumbić’s case needs to be positioned in the broader context of Croatian political anticommunist resistance in the 1950s, especially from the perspective of “ideological building” of the post-war generation of university students in which a significant role could have been played by former HSS members
Tragovi osporavanih sjećanja: povijest spomenika u Banjoj Luci
No full textIn the last century and a half, the city of Banja Luka has passed through the existence of six different states that came and left in dramatic, paradigm altering shifts. The historical breaks which occurred in 1878, 1918, 1941, 1945 and 1990 were manifested as deep discontinuities. In this paper, we present a history of monuments and memorial markers in Banja Luka, with the following aims: to reconstruct the memory politics of states and local actors as they have changed through time; to identify the material remains of mnemonic practices; and, to determine their fates after the states that placed them were removed from the historic arena. This work does not represent a thorough list of each monument or their full typology. Rather, it examines the main memorial markers, with additional focus on those monuments which are deemed important, such as the Monument to the Fallen of Krajina (1961), including their meaning and their subsequent use. While a detailed history of monuments and memorial practices spans from 1880 to 1990, the current, post–socialist era is reviewed in the form of an epilogue, with attention on the dominant mnemonic paradigm.U prošlom stoljeću Banja Luka je prošla kroz šest država koje su se izmjenjivale u dramatičnim zaokretima s korjenitim promjenama društvene paradigme. Povijesniprekidi 1878., 1918., 1941., 1945. i 1990. godine očitovali su se kao duboki diskontinuiteti. U radu se prikazuje povijest spomenika i memorijalnih obilježja u Banjoj Luci te rekonstrukciju memorijskih politika država i lokalnih aktera s njihovim promjenama. Rad prati njihovu sudbinu nakon pada sistema koji su ih postavili. Ovim radom ne daje se cjelovit pregled svih spomenika s punom tipologijom, nego osvrt na glavna obilježja, uz poseban fokus na važnije spomenike, kao što je Spomenik palim Krajišnicima (1961), te na njihovo značenje i potonju uporabu. Dok se detaljnija povijest spomenika proteže na razdoblje od 1880. do 1990. godine, na tekuću, postsocijalističku, eru osvrće se u formi epiloga, s naglaskom na dominantnu mnemotičku paradigmu
Some Features of Pupačić’s Lexic in the Collection of Poems Mladići
No full textPoetski tekst može se raščlanjivati različitim metodama koje pripadaju području lingvostilistike. U ovome se radu kvantitativnom metodom raščlanjuju morfološka i leksička obilježja ranoga stvaralaštva Josipa Pupačića, odnosno njegove prve objavljene zbirke Mladići (1955). Određuju se leksička raznolikost i leksička gustoća te se daje uvid u zastupljenost pojedine vrste riječi i bogatstvo leksika. Leksička gustoća i raznolikost idu u prilog tvrdnji o jednostavnosti Pupačićeva stila i ponavljanju kao njegovoj bitnoj odrednici. Zastupljenost pojedine vrste riječi povezuje se sa stilskim obilježjima Pupačićeva teksta. Kao bitno obilježje tumači se i veća zastupljenost pojedinih suznačnih riječi, poput zamjenica i veznika. Najzastupljenija vrsta riječi nakon imenica i glagola u Pupačićevu je stvaralaštvu zamjenica, a posvojna zamjenica moj četvrta je najzastupljenija riječ u korpusu. Sintagmatske veze sa zamjenicom moj i posvojnim zamjenicama kao zavisnom sastavnicom donose i motive koji su konstantni u Pupačićevu stvaralaštvu. Izdvajaju se najzastupljenije natuknice te se raščlanjuju kao idejno-motivske konstante prve faze njegova stvaralaštva. Na temelju najzastupljenijih sastavnica tumači se značenjski sloj teksta. Najzastupljeniji leksemi u tekstu kuća, more, brat, braća, sestra, nebo, voda, rijeka itd. potvrđuju dva kompleksa u njegovu stvaralaštvu – animističko- panteistički i obiteljski kompleks (Lemac 2017).A poetic text can be analysed using different methods that belong to the field of linguistic stylistics. In this paper, the quantitative method is used in order to analyse the morphological, morphosyntactic, and lexical characteristics of Josip Pupačić’s early work, namely his first published collection Mladići (1955). The lexical diversity and lexical density of this text are determined, thus providing an insight into the representation of certain types of words and the richness of the lexicon. Lexical density and lexical diversity support the claim about the simplicity of Pupačić’s style and repetition as its essential determinant. The representation of certain types of words is connected with the stylistic characteristics of Pupačić’s text. A greater representation of certain types of words such as pronouns and connectors is also interpreted as an important feature. The most represented parts of speech after nouns and verbs are pronouns, and the possessive pronoun mine is the fourth most represented word in the corpus. Syntagmatic connections with the pronoun mine and the possessive pronouns as dependent components also evoke motifs that are constant in Pupačić’s work. The most represented words are singled out and analysed as ideational- motive constants of the first phase of his work. The meaning layer of the text is interpreted based on the most frequent lexemes in the text, such as house, sea, brother, brothers, sister, sky, water, river, etc., confirming two complexes in his work – animistic-pantheistic and family complex (Lemac 2017)
Collocations in Epitaphs of the Novalja Cemetery (Pag, Croatia)
No full textU ovom istraživanju epitafa na grobljima otoka Paga, identificirat će se, raščlaniti i razvrstati kolokacije u epitafima prikupljenima na Gradskom groblju Novalja u Novalji, a opisnom metodom ukazati na njihove posebnosti. Istraživanje će potvrditi valjanost predloženoga metodološkog aparata u prikupljanju i proučavanju specifičnog korpusa kolokacija, ali ujedno omogućiti njihovu leksičko-gramatičku raščlambu. Groblje Novalja po svojem je kapacitetu slično groblju Sveti Karin u Pagu (oba imaju po 750 grobnica) i predstavljaju dva najveća i jedina gradska groblja na otoku.The corpus of collocations includes the total of 86 collocations, some of which recur. Collocations were recorded on the total of 104 tombstones. Collocations are divided into two groups - lexicalized and institutionalized and lexicalized and non-institutionalized. Examples consisting of adjective + noun or noun + noun, as well as examples of prepositional-case expressions that cannot be replaced by a single word have been recorded among noun collocations of the basic type. Other types of collocational noun phrases include those that can be replaced by one word of the same formation group, those that can be replaced by one word of a different formation group, collocations with one component that deviates from its primary meaning, collocations whose components can be replaced by synonyms, collocations with symbolic meanings, and collocations with complementary nouns. Quasi-phrasemes, pragmemes, and some verb collocations were also recorded
Strangeness and the Sea Literary Views of the Adriatic Sea
No full textDer Text thematisiert die Adria, mittlerer Teil des Mittelmeeres alseinen gemeinsamen historisch-symbolischen Zwischenraum der Heterogenitätund wechselnder Identitäten und Entitäten, der lange vonimperialen Logiken bestimmt war. Den methodisch-theoretischenRahmen bilden dabei Konzepte von Alterität sowie postimperiale bzw.postkoloniale Fragestellungen. Im Anschluss daran setzt sich der Autormit zwei literarischen Texten auseinander, die die Adria als einenChronotopos (Bachtin) begreifen, mit Hermann Bahrs Feuilleton DalmatinischeReise und Jules Vernes Roman Matthias Sandorf. In beidenTexten spielen imperiale und nationale Ansprüche eine zentraleRolle, um den jeweiligen Raum zu besetzen.Topic of the essay is the Adriatic Sea, the middle part of the MediterraneanSea as a common in-between-‘space’. For a long time ruledby imperial powers, it can be characterised by heterogeneity, changingpowers and identities. The text is framed by two overlapping frames,firstly it refers to the discussion on strangeness and alterity, and secondlyit deals with post-imperial and/or post-colonial perspectives. Inthe second part, the author presents a close reading of two relevanttexts about the Adriatic Sea, on the one hand Hermann Bahr’s feuilletonDalmatinische Reise (Dalmatian Journey), on the other JulesVerne’s novel Matthias Sandorf. In both texts, the Adriatic Sea is seenas a dynamic element, a “Chronotopos” (Bakhtin), in which imperialand national claims play a central role, to ‘occupy’ it symbolically
„All of them just Yugoslavs“ – German stereotypes about Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
No full textDie vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Stereotype den Bosniern,Kroaten und Serben von den Deutschen zugeschrieben werden. Ander Erhebung nahmen mehr als 1800 Deutsche mit einem Durchschnittsaltervon 25,5 Jahren teil. Sie erfolgte auf der Grundlage einereigenen Merkmalliste (stereotype check list) mit 140 Items, die Baurund Ossenberg bereits in Untersuchungen mit Russen und Türken erprobthatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Deutschen zwischen dendrei ethnischen Gruppen aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien nur geringeUnterschiede sehen. Die Autoren fokussieren und interpretieren deshalbdiese Unterschiede und plädieren dafür, zur Interpretation dergenannten Stereotype auch qualitative Daten hinzuzuziehen.This study examines which stereotypes are ascribed to Bosnians, Croatsand Serbs by Germans. More than 1,800 Germans with an averageage of 25.5 years took part in the survey. The survey was based on astereotype check list with 140 items that Baur and Ossenberg had alreadytested with Russians and Turks. The results show that Germanssee only minor differences between the three ethnic groups from formerYugoslavia. The authors therefore focus on and interpret these differencesand argue that qualitative data should also be used to interpretthese stereotypes