PTE Journals (University of Pécs)
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Zsidó-keresztény jogfilozófiai elemek a szufizmusban
Get PDFIslam was the latest of the Abrahamic religions to develop its mystical branch, Sufism, and therefore did not precede that of the other two religions. Elements of mysticism had appeared much earlier in Judaism and Christianity. The Jewish Kabbalah flourished among Eastern Jewry under Muslim rule. The anti-heretical, orthodox teachings of Sufism, as exemplified in the works of al-Ghazali and al-Arabi, show noticeable parallels with the writings of the Jew Abraham Maimonides. Although the pursuit of complete union with God, as well as the teachings of self-surrender and asceticism, appeared in earlier centuries of Christianity, it was during the heyday of Sufism, in the 13th and 14th centuries, in the works of Meister Eckhart, that these related teachings appeared most strikingly. The aim of this study is to compare the mystical trends of the three Abrahamic religions and their natural law aspects using the method of source analysis, focusing primarily on the period when all three flourished, side by side, and in interaction with each other
Természetjog – házassági jog: Az „erdélyi házasság” fogalma és az erdélyi református és unitárius házassági bíráskodás a 19. században
Get PDFHungarian marriage law had become complicated by the second half of the 19th century. The different territorial regulations further complicated the coexistence of several denominational laws. This contributed significantly to the spread of marriage migration. The High Court of Marriages of the Calvinist Church in Transylvania reacted to this situation by regulating the ‘per viam instantiae’ proceedings, which became the most controversial legal instrument of the Calvinist marriage law. The Unitarian Church of Transylvania introduced a similar set of rules. It allowed a person or couple who had converted from another denomination to apply for a divorce, provided that the parties could prove their residence in Transylvania. The issue caused tension both within the authorities in Hungary and other Austrian provinces, and even within the Reformed Church in Transylvania
A laesio enormis a római jogban és annak továbbélése során
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of the historical and comparative legal background of the doctrine of laesio enormis, with particular attention to its roots in ancient legal systems and its subsequent development and integration into European private law throughout the medieval and modern periods. The study analyses the Roman law regulation of laesio enormis, as well as analogous provisions found in Mesopotamian and Jewish law, and explores the treatment of the concept within Christian legal thought. Furthermore, it considers the presence of the doctrine in various modern civil codes and examines the relationship between laesio enormis and the doctrine of consideration as developed in the common law tradition. The study aims to introduce new perspectives on laesio enormis by addressing areas of inquiry that have received less scholarly attention, including the rule’s broader social justification and legitimacy
A Biblia és az európai integráció jogi alapjai a római jog közvetítésével: Bevezető
Get PDFThe European Integration is going back in centuries old spiritual traditions. The lawyers availed themselves to a considerable extent of the tenets of the Bible. Roman law (ius Romanum) served as a foundation for the 16th century legal humanism and was a goldmine for the rationalist natural law doctrines. In the 19th century, Roman law is molded in the spirit of legal positivism primarily throughGerman Science of Pandects. Roman law is substantional material of the private law codices in Europe. It is obvious that the European integration needs both the harmonization and the unification in particular with regard to private law- related legislation. The realization legal harmonization could take the form of Council regulation, directive and also could be realized via coordinated national legislation. The members, for example of the Accademia dei giusprivatisti europei based on Pavia, among whom we can find experts of Roman law, English common law, and modern codified private law, in their efforts to codify the European law of contracts, view as their primary mission the creation of a compromise between Roman law, primarily based on codified continental private law, and contract constructions of English common law. The private law of the European countries is closely connected to Roman law. Taking into consideration the significant role of Roman law in the analysis of the evolution of European private law, regarding both the 27 member states of the European Union (Eu) and to those states being presently – yet – no member states of the Eu, is justified by spiritual traditions rooted in the tenets of the Bible.
AZ AFRIKAI KONCENTRÁCIÓS TÁBOROK ÖSSZEHASONLÍTÓ ELEMZÉSE 1900 ÉS 1910 KÖZÖTT
No full textColonialism brought extensive suffering to Africans. One manifestation of this was the concentration camp systems established in German South West Africa and the British-controlled areas of Southern Africa. The British colonialists fought the mostly Dutch-born Boers, who had settled in South Africa in the 19th century, while the Germans fought the indigenous Herero and Nama. Both conflicts were motivated by a desire to secure the dominance and economic growth of the respective imperial powers. The concentration camp model, which previously had been seen in Cuba, served as a tool for this purpose. Between 1900 and 1910, approximately 28,000 Boers and 20,000 Africans died in these camps in the southern African territories, while nearly 8,000 Africans, mostly children, died in the German colony.This paper seeks to answer, among other questions, the following: What conflicts led to establishing concentration camps in the colonies under discussion, and what purpose did they serve? The comparative analysis focuses on the conditions in the camps, the treatment of internees, and the resulting mortality figures.A gyarmatosítás az afrikaiaknak nagy szenvedést okozott. Ennek egyik megnyilvánulása a német Délnyugat-Afrikában és a britek által ellenőrzött dél-afrikai területeken létrehozott koncentrációs táborrendszer volt. A brit gyarmatosítók a 19. században Dél-Afrikában letelepedett, többnyire holland származású búr népesség ellen harcoltak, míg a németek az őslakos hererók és namák ellen. Mindkét konfliktust az a vágy motiválta, hogy biztosítsák az adott birodalmi hatalom dominanciáját és gazdasági növekedését. A koncentrációs táborok modellje, amelyet korábban már Kubában is láthattunk, eszközként szolgált ehhez a célhoz. A dél-afrikai területeken 1900 és 1910 között mintegy 28 000 búr és 20 000 afrikai halt meg ezekben a táborokban, míg a német gyarmaton közel 8000 afrikai, főként gyermek halt meg. Ez a tanulmány többek között a következő kérdésekre keresi a választ: Milyen konfliktusok vezettek a koncentrációs táborok létrehozásához a tárgyalt gyarmatokon, és milyen célt szolgáltak? Az összehasonlító elemzés a táborokban uralkodó körülményekre, az internáltakkal való bánásmódra és az ebből adódó halálozási adatokra összpontosít
Dél-Afrika geopolitikája. A Dél-Afrikai Köztársaság mint regionális szuperhatalom
Get PDFCsabai Bence Máté presented the following work:
Kent Hughes Butts and Paul R. Thomas: The Geopolitics of Southern Africa: South Africa as Regional Superpower. Routledge, New York. 2019.1Csabai Bence Máté a következő művet mutatta be:
Kent Hughes Butts and Paul R. Thomas: The Geopolitics of Southern Africa: South Africa as Regional Superpower. Routledge, New York. 2019.
A közösségi média szerepe a kiállítások nemzetközi világában
Get PDFDigital media has had a notable influence on museum practices. Museums can strengthen their online presence through social media platforms. Regarding the concept of social media engagement in museums, the study examines how museums and their visitors interact on social media platforms, more specifically on Facebook, seeking to answer the question of whether greater engagement with social media posts about exhibitions can influence exhibition attendance. The empirical research was based on the analysis of a sample of 70 exhibitions and to test our hypotheses, simple and multivariate linear regression models were applied. The engagement-related variables were the daily number of likes, comments, shares, and posts. Contrary to the mainstream approach, the results showed that higher engagement on social media in the museum sector does not in itself lead to higher visitor numbers to a certain exhibition. Our results rather show that a higher number of visitors to an exhibition results in a higher engagement indicator on Facebook.digitális média jelentős befolyással bír a múzeumi gyakorlatra. A közösségimédia-platformokon keresztül a múzeumok erősíthetik online jelenlétüket. A múzeumokkal kapcsolatos közösségimédia-elköteleződés fogalma vonatkozásában a tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy a múzeumok és látogatóik hogyan lépnek interakcióba a közösségimédia-platformokon, pontosabban a Facebookon, választ keresve arra a kérdésre, vajon a kiállításokkal kapcsolatos közösségimédia-bejegyzések iránti nagyobb elköteleződés befolyásolhatja-e a kiállítások látogatottságát. Az empirikus kutatás 70 kiállításból álló minta elemzésén alapul, és hipotéziseink teszteléséhez egyszerű és többváltozós lineáris regressziós modelleket alkalmaztunk. Az elköteleződéssel kapcsolatos változók a lájkok, hozzászólások, megosztások és bejegyzések napi száma voltak. A mainstream megközelítéssel ellentétben az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy a múzeumi szektorban a közösségi média iránti nagyobb elköteleződés önmagában nem vezet egy adott kiállítás magasabb látogatószámához. Eredményeink inkább azt mutatják, hogy egy kiállítás magasabb látogatószáma nagyobb elköteleződést jelző mutatót eredményez a Facebookon
A földrajzi jelzésű termékek és a turizmus közötti kölcsönhatások helyi gazdasághoz és desztinációfejlesztéshez való hozzájárulása
Get PDFThe study explores the relationship between geographically indicated products (GIPs) and the tourism sector, as well as their impact on local development. In recent years, the integration of these products into tourism destinations has contributed to strengthening local economies and fostering sustainable tourism. The research was conducted in Turkey in 2024, adopting a qualitative approach and utilizing in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including tourism managers, local producers, gastronomy tourism experts, local government officials, and geographical indication specialists. It investigates how GIPs influence the tourism sector and local development, identifies the opportunities and challenges associated with their use, and examines the role of digital marketing tools in this process. The findings offer valuable insights into how GIPs can be integrated into destination marketing strategies, the benefits they provide to local producers, and their contribution to sustainable tourism. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of digital resources in promoting GIPs and outlines their potential for further development.A tanulmány a földrajzi jelzésű termékek (FJT) és a turisztikai ágazat közötti kapcsolatot, valamint a helyi fejlődésre gyakorolt hatásukat vizsgálja. Az elmúlt években e termékek turisztikai célpontokba való integrálása hozzájárult a helyi gazdaságok erősítéséhez és a fenntartható turizmus előmozdításához. A kvalitatív módszerrel történt kutatásra 2024-ben Törökországban került sor, mélyinterjúkat készítve kulcsfontosságú szereplőkkel, köztük turisztikai menedzserekkel, helyi termelőkkel, gasztronómiai turisztikai szakértőkkel, helyi önkormányzati tisztviselőkkel és a földrajzi jelzések specialistáival. A vizsgálat célja annak a megállapítása, hogy az FJT-k hogyan befolyásolják a turisztikai ágazatot és a helyi fejlődést, továbbá azonosítani a használatukban rejlő lehetőségeket és kihívásokat, illetve megvizsgálni a digitális marketingeszközök szerepét e folyamatban. Az eredmények értékes betekintést nyújtanak abba, hogy az FJT-k hogyan illeszthetők be a desztinációs marketingstratégiákba, milyen előnyöket nyújtanak a helyi termelőknek, és milyen mértékben járulnak hozzá a fenntartható turizmushoz. Emellett a tanulmány kiemeli a digitális erőforrások fontosságát az FJT-k népszerűsítésében és vázolja a további fejlesztési lehetőségeket
Determining who has custody of children after divorce in Vietnam: A legal perspective from children’s rights
Get PDFThe right of parents to custody of children after divorce is a significant privilege and obligation under marriage law, which is of interest to the legal systems of many countries, including Vietnam. The provisions regarding the right of parents to directly nurture their children post-divorce impose a responsibility on parents and contribute to the protection of children\u27s rights. Competent state agencies and organisations are also responsible for protecting children when parents divorce and the family unit is no longer intact. Consequently, the rights and interests of children are guaranteed to be upheld in the event of a divorce.
Furthermore, the implementation of parental rights and responsibilities after divorce helps children avoid psychological complexes and trauma, thereby ensuring their optimal development in all domains. However, the right to custody of children by parents after divorce is not inherent in all divorce cases. This right is reserved for minors and adult children who have lost civil capacity, are unable to work, and have no assets to support themselves. To meet the objective requirements of societal and familial development, the current Vietnamese law on marriage and family, in general, and the law on protecting children\u27s rights when parents divorce, in particular, have been developed. Nevertheless, the Vietnamese law on marriage and family still has disadvantages and inadequacies, which, in practical cases, create challenges in implementing the right to sole custody of children when parents divorce, alongside its positive aspects.
This article examines the legal issues related to the right to custody of children in the event of divorce under Vietnamese law. It also suggests strategies for enhancing the law using the legislative experiences of various jurisdicions countries worldwide
The Quest for Origins : Academic Filiations in the Studium Parisiense Database
Get PDFThe Studium Parisiense database contains the prosopographical records of more than 20,000 members of the schools and the University of Paris between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. It thus enables us to carry out a wide-ranging analysis of relations between masters and students within the Parisian studium. The network of relationships thus reconstituted provides a considerable amount of information: 1,969 individuals, 2,743 links, and 2,750 nodes. The hierarchical approach, using simple indicators of centrality (degree, betweenness, PageRank), enabled us to qualify the social prestige of individuals by highlighting lesser known but socially central figures. By combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study offers a more nuanced view of academic filiations at the University of Paris, while providing statistical validation for the empirical hypotheses that had been formulated by historiography