UPH Academic Journals (Universitas Pelita Harapan)
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Transformasi atau Plagiarisme: Analisis Penggunaan Ulang Materi Presentasi Edukatif Tanpa Izin dari Perspektif Hak Cipta
Full text linkThe unauthorized reuse of educational presentation materials – specially when involving only minor changes such as altering names or images – raises legal concerns in the field of copyright law. This issue requires a clear understanding of the boundary between lawful transformation into a new work and copyright infringement through plagiarism. This research aims to analyze the legal protection of educational presentation materials under Indonesian Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, focusing on the application of moral rights and the concept of fair use. Furthermore, it provides a comparative analysis between Indonesia and the United States – known for its established fair use doctrine—through the case study of Cambridge University Press v. Becker. This study employs a normative legal approach with comparative analysis. The findings indicate that Indonesia's legal framework lacks clarity in protecting authors' moral rights, particularly in digital and non-commercial contexts, whereas the U.S. copyright system provides more concrete limitations through a four-factor fair use test. This study recommends strengthening Indonesia's copyright protection mechanisms, especially for digital educational content, by promoting caution and ensuring explicit recognition of the creator's rights.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Penggunaan ulang materi presentasi edukatif yang telah disusun oleh individu tanpa izin, khususnya dengan hanya melakukan perubahan minor seperti pergantian nama dan gambar, menimbulkan persoalan yuridis dalam ranah hak cipta. Permasalahan ini menuntut pemahaman atas batas yang tegas antara transformasi yang sah sebagai karya baru dan tindakan plagiarisme yang melanggar hak eksklusif pencipta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap materi presentasi edukatif dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta di Indonesia, serta menelaah penerapan prinsip hak moral dan konsep fair use dalam konteks tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membandingkan pendekatan hukum di Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat—negara yang dikenal memiliki sistem perlindungan hak cipta yang kuat dan konsep fair use yang mapan—melalui studi kasus Cambridge University Press v. Becker. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakseimbangan dalam perlindungan hak moral pencipta di Indonesia, terutama dalam konteks digital dan non-komersial, sementara sistem hukum Amerika Serikat memberikan batasan yang lebih konkret melalui uji empat faktor fair use. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan mekanisme perlindungan hak cipta di Indonesia, khususnya terhadap karya edukatif digital, melalui penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian dan pengakuan eksplisit terhadap hak pencipta
Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Lagu Tanpa Lisensi Dalam Pertunjukan Komersial (Studi Putusan No. 92/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Cipta/2024/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst)
Full text linkCopyright infringement involving songs frequently occurs, particularly in the unauthorized use of music during public events such as entertainment shows. This study highlights a case of unlicensed use of a copyrighted song as outlined in Decision Number 92/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Hak Cipta/2024/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst. The discussion centers on the legal responsibility of event organizers who use songs without proper authorization, and how the Panel of Judges assessed legal facts and considerations in ruling on the copyright violation claim. The findings reveal that event organizers are legally obligated to respect the exclusive rights of song creators, and violations of these rights carry legal consequences. The court found that a copyright infringement had occurred and held the defendant accountable for using the song without a license. This ruling serves as a significant reference for copyright enforcement in Indonesia.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Pelanggaran hak cipta lagu sering terjadi dalam praktik, salah satunya melalui penggunaan lagu tanpa izin dalam kegiatan publik seperti acara hiburan. Studi ini mengangkat perkara penyalahgunaan lagu ciptaan tanpa lisensi sebagaimana tercantum dalam Putusan Nomor 92/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Hak Cipta/2024/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst. Fokus utama pembahasan adalah bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum yang dapat dikenakan kepada penyelenggara acara yang menggunakan lagu tanpa izin, serta bagaimana Majelis Hakim mempertimbangkan fakta dan unsur hukum dalam menjatuhkan putusan atas gugatan pelanggaran hak cipta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggara acara memiliki kewajiban hukum untuk menghormati hak eksklusif pencipta lagu, dan pelanggaran atas hak tersebut dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum. Majelis Hakim menilai bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran hak cipta dan menyatakan pihak tergugat bertanggung jawab atas penggunaan lagu tanpa lisensi. Putusan ini menjadi acuan penting dalam penegakan hukum hak cipta di Indonesia
The Impact of Recent OJK Regulations on Transparency, Efficiency, and Investor Protection in Indonesia’s Capital Market
Full text linkThis study explores how recent regulations introduced by Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, or OJK) have influenced transparency, efficiency, and investor protection in the country’s capital market. Using a mixed-methods approach and combining quantitative analysis of market performance with qualitative insights from policy reviews, the research evaluates the impact of these regulatory changes. The findings suggest that OJK’s initiatives, including enhanced disclosure requirements, digital reporting systems, and simplified compliance procedures, have significantly improved market transparency and helped build investor confidence. Efficiency has also improved, with lower transaction costs and faster regulatory approvals thanks to greater automation and better policy alignment.[1] Moreover, stronger oversight and expanded investor education programs have contributed to better protection, especially for retail investors. Despite these gains, challenges remain, such as inconsistent implementation, limited resources, and compliance issues among smaller market participants. Overall, while OJK’s reforms mark important progress in modernizing Indonesia’s capital market, further efforts are needed to tackle structural issues. The study recommends ongoing policy refinement, stronger institutional collaboration, and targeted support for underserved groups. It highlights the importance of adaptive regulation in promoting sustainable market growth while managing risks, offering valuable lessons for policymakers in other emerging markets
IHSG Anjlok: Faktor Pemicu dan Strategi Investor Menghadapinya
Full text linkThe phenomenon of the collapse of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) is a clear reflection of the instability of the Indonesian capital market which is influenced by various factors, one of which is legal uncertainty. Legal certainty plays a key role in shaping the perception and behavior of investors, both domestic and foreign. This article discusses how legal uncertainty, including regulatory inconsistencies, external factors, and lack of government transparency, has a significant impact on investor confidence which leads to fluctuations in the JCI. Through a normative approach and literature review, this article finds that the correlation between legal certainty and investor confidence is strong and affects the JCI itself. The higher the investor's trust in the government, the more stable investor confidence becomes, which in turn contributes to the strengthening of the JCI. Conversely, low levels of investor confidence cause investors to withdraw their funds, exacerbating market volatility. Thus, legal reform, increased transparency, and government commitment in strengthening legal protection for market participants are needed as strategic solutions to maintain the stability of the JCI and improve the competitiveness of the Indonesian capital market at the global level
Analisis Yuridis Merger antara Gojek dan Tokopedia (GoTo) dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia
Full text linkThe development of the digital economy in Indonesia has encouraged various technology companies to carry out business strategies, one of which is a merger. The merger between Gojek and Tokopedia in May 2021 formed a new entity called GoTo. The purpose of this study is to analyze the GoTo merger from the perspective of business competition law in Indonesia, to find out whether the merger of the two largest startup companies in Indonesia has the potential to cause monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, as well as an analysis of the results of the assessment of the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (KPPU). The results showed that the GoTo merger did not violate the provisions of business competition law. This is based on the fact that Gojek and Tokopedia operate in different markets, do not have the potential to change the market structure, and do not create entry barriers for other business actors. In addition, KPPU stated that there is no potential for monopolistic practices or unfair business competition in the GoTo merger. This merger is considered to strengthen regional competitiveness in the midst of competition with global companies. Therefore, the GoTo merger can be viewed as a strategic step that is legally valid and supports the growth of a healthy and competitive digital economy in Indonesia
Christian Faith Formation and Spiritual Insecurity in Africa
Full text linkAs early as 1930s Audrey Richards hinted at the irony that the spread of Christianity in Zambia, against all its good intentions, instead of diminishing fear, rather increased spiritual insecurity among its converts. There is scholarly evidence that the detected spiritual insecurity in the early 20th century persists up to now. The triggers of spiritual insecurity in Africa are attributed to the breakdown of traditional relationships and mutual obligation, the belief in the influence of the spirits on people for either good or bad. Spiritual insecurity shows that some of the Africans are in dilemma of Christian and African spiritual worldviews thereby struggling to fully trust the Christian approach to spiritually related challenges. This article validates the view that spiritual insecurity in Africa though highly ignored, should be taken seriously. It explores how the Church can use its faith formation system to address issue causing spiritual insecurity in Africa. Data collected through qualitative literature review and observations is engaged using the hermeneutical theory to argue for a faith formation which addresses the fissure between words about God in statements of faith and spiritual insecurity among African Christians by clarifying Christian confessions, identity and reflection
Membangun Kerja Sama Pemimpin di Sekolah Kristen: Perspektif Teologis atas Hambatan dan Solusinya
Full text linkCollaboration among leaders is a foundational aspect of leadership in Christian schools, rooted in the unity of the body of Christ. However, such collaboration does not occur automatically and is often hindered by personality differences, unstable faith, and divergent goals or personal interests. This article aims to analyze the obstacles to cooperation among leaders in Christian school settings by examining biblical narratives and proposing solutions from a theological perspective. Using a reflective-theological approach and current literature, this article highlights that Christian collaboration is not merely an administrative strategy, but an expression of koinonia—a fellowship that mirrors the loving relationship within the Triune God. Proposed solutions include spiritual and character formation, spiritual mentoring, restorative conflict resolution, and reaffirming a shared vision. These insights are intended to foster a more authentic and transformative model of Christian leadership within educational communities.Kerja sama antar pemimpin merupakan fondasi penting dalam kepemimpinan sekolah Kristen yang berlandaskan pada kesatuan tubuh Kristus. Namun dalam praktiknya, kerja sama tidak terjadi secara otomatis, bahkan sering mengalami hambatan yang bersumber dari perbedaan kepribadian, ketidakseimbangan iman, serta perbedaan orientasi dan kepentingan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hambatan-hambatan kerja sama antar pemimpin dalam konteks sekolah Kristen melalui kajian naratif tokoh-tokoh Alkitab dan mengusulkan solusi berdasarkan perspektif teologis. Dengan pendekatan reflektif-teologis dan literatur terkini, artikel ini menyoroti bahwa kerja sama Kristen bukan sekadar strategi administratif, melainkan perwujudan koinonia yang mencerminkan relasi kasih Allah Tritunggal. Solusi yang ditawarkan meliputi formasi karakter rohani, mentoring spiritual, pendekatan restoratif dalam konflik, dan peneguhan visi bersama. Diharapkan, pemahaman dan praktik ini mendorong terbangunnya kepemimpinan Kristen yang transformatif dan otentik dalam komunitas pendidikan
Keabsahan Perjanjian Elektronik yang Termuat dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik
Full text linkElectronic agreements are a development of conventional agreements which in their implementation cannot be separated from the provisions of contract law, especially those relating to agreements as regulated in the Civil Code. Until now, the Civil Code has been the main legal basis for electronic agreements and transactions. The validity of electronic agreements still refers to the valid conditions of agreements as stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code which is then specifically regulated in the ITE Law and/or Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Electronic Commerce (PP PMSE). This study aims to conduct a legal study and review of the validity of the valid conditions of agreements contained in Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Electronic Commerce against Article 1320 of the Civil Code. This study uses normative juridical legal method with approach to various literature (libraries) that can be obtained from written legal sources such as books, laws and regulations, scientific articles, research results and opinions of legal experts and other sources that have relevance related to the topic of this research. The results of this study indicate that the addition of two main conditions in the PP PMSE does not conflict with Article 1320 of the Civil Code. This is because the provisions in the PP PMSE still adhere to the basic principles of contract law in Indonesian civil law, as regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Perjanjian elektronik merupakan pengembangan dari perjanjian konvensional yang dalam pelaksanaannya tidak dapat terlepas dari ketentuan-ketentuan hukum perikatan, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan perjanjian yang sebagaimana di atur dalam KUHPerdata. Hingga saat ini KUHPerdata menjadi dasar hukum utama dalam perjanjian dan transaksi elektronik. Keabsahan perjanjian elektronik tetap mengacu pada syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata yang kemudian secara khusus diatur dalam UU ITE dan/atau Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PP PMSE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk melakukan kajian dan tinjauan hukum mengenai keabsahan syarat sah perjanjian yang termuat di dalam Peraturan PP PMSE terhadap Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan terhadap berbagai literatur (kepustakaan) yang dapat diperoleh dari sumber-sumber hukum tertulis seperti buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, artikel ilmiah, hasil penelitian dan pendapat-pendapat ahli hukum serta sumber lainnya yang mempunyai relevanansi terkait dengan topik penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dua syarat utama dalam PP PMSE tidak bertentangan dengan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Hal ini dikarenakan ketentuan dalam PP PMSE tetap berpegang pada prinsip-prinsip dasar hukum perjanjian dalam hukum perdata Indonesia, sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 1320 KUHPerdata.
Reformulation on Fiducia Security Enforcement Law in the Framework of Ease of Doing Business
Full text linkBanks and non-bank financial institutions as distributors of funds to the public through credit (financing) to customers (debtors) using non possessory movable goods (known as fiducia security) as security. The existence of fiducia security has problems in terms of the enforcement that affect the ease of doing business. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the rules of enforcement of fiducia security and the implementation of these rules, starting from the problems that occur in the field, the factors that cause these problems to occur and the proposed solutions. The final objective of this research is to find an ideal formulation (reformulation) of the rules of enforcement of fiducia security in line with the needs of the business practice, which can be implemented so as to support the ease of doing business. The research method used is normative legal research with several approaches, namely statutory, conceptual, historical, comparative, and case approaches. The results of the research show that there is a need for improvement in the fiducia security enforcement system starting from the registration stage to the enforcement. The ultimate goal of the improvement is the creation of a fast, efficient and low-cost fiducia security enforcement system. The creation of the ultimate goal of improvement will have an impact on business ease, where from the debtor's perspective, it will be easy to access financing, while from the side of banks and non-bank financial institutions there would be a certainty in relation to the repayment of the channeled financing, which ultimately leads to the ease of doing business for all parties
Land Use Constraints and Challenges to Sustainable Land Resource Control in Rural Nigeria
Full text linkIn Sub Sahara Africa, land occupies an important position in the life of the people. Apart from its important economic value in food security and job creation to millions of rural dwellers, it is sacred and physical. In Nigeria, most of the rural dwellers are into agriculture and pastoralism. But the constraints on access to land resources under various land tenure systems have created tensions in rural communities and threaten agricultural enterprises. Under these tenures, land resources are not available in the right quantities for varying agricultural purposes as to allow sustainable food security, reduction of poverty, hunger and gender discrimination. The article discusses the concept of land under the various tenure systems; examines land resource control in rural Nigeria and establishes a need for legal reform in land use access and control to ameliorate the constraints. The study adopts a doctrinal research method which relied on primary and secondary sources of information. The article, after establishing that the claim that multiple land tenures and the discriminating policy implementation under the tenures have considerably weakened the land resource control laws, advocates the reforms of the current legal regime to make land resources available to all people needing it for economic development. Transparent and consistent implementation of legal regime, removal of undue delays in the administration of Governor’s consent and streamlining of the incidents of customary land tenure to that of the Land Use Act are suggested