Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Impact of Workplace Bullying on Organizational Outcome
Get PDFThis research examines the impact of workplace bullying on organization related outcomes among Doctors. By using purposive sampling technique, data was obtained from 200 male and female doctors having age range from 23 to 45 years. The sample was obtained from 7 different public and private hospitals of Lahore city. NAQ-R scale by Einarsen et al. (2009), job related affective well being scale by Van Katwyk et al. (2000), overall Job satisfaction scale by Cook et al. (1981) and organizational-based self esteem scale by Pierce et al. (1989) were separately used to measure workplace bullying and organization related outcomes. The findings indicate that workplace bullying is strong predictor of lower job affective well being and job satisfaction. The findings of this research have implications for increasing our awareness of the actions and behaviors of workplace bullies and to introduce preventive measures for secure and good workplace settings for all workers
Spatial Agglomeration and Productivity of Textile and Leather Manufacturing the Punjab Province of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study investigates whether spatial agglomeration of textile and leather industry facilitates to enhance its own productivity at establishment level in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The empirical analysis is based on the survey data for the years 1995-96, 2000-2001 and 2005-06 collected from the Punjab Bureau of Statistics (PBS). The production function framework has been utilized. The results of production function suggest that spatial agglomeration of textile and leather industry plays a vital role in determining the productivity of establishments. The impact of localization (specialization) is positive and stronger than urbanization (diversification) which implies that locating manufacturing establishments in a particular district leads to enhance the productivity of establishments. Therefore, government policy should be biased to promote localization of textile and leather industry
Relationship between Leader Behaviors and Employees Job Satisfaction: A Path-Goal Approach
Get PDFThis descriptive and cross-sectional study looked at the relationships between leader behavior and employees’ job satisfaction in Pakistan. The data were collected from middle and first line managers through survey questionnaires using a stratified random sampling technique. Employee job satisfaction depends upon the leadership behavior of managers. There was significant correlation between all the four path-goal leader behaviors i.e. directive; supportive; participative; and achievement oriented leader behavior and job in general & supervision were significant.
There was a significant correlation between the attributes of subordinate (age, gender, qualification, rank, experience and length of service under the current supervisor) and their job satisfaction. Similarly, the correlation between situational factors (locus of control, ability, task structure, role ambiguity, stress, achievement need and autonomy need) and subordinates’ job satisfaction was significant
China-Pakistan Economic Relations: Lessons for Pakistan
Get PDFThe 60th anniversary of China-Pakistan relations was celebrated in 2011. Pakistan was the third non-communist and the first Muslim country to recognize China in 1950. The diplomatic relations between China and Pakistan were established in May 1951.The friendship between China and Pakistan is all weather and everlasting. The relationship is deeper than the oceans and higher than the mountains. The bolstering relations of China and Pakistan have become a model for a friendly co-existence of developing neighboring countries. China and Pakistan are enjoying strong bilateral cultural, economic and military relationships. Both of the countries are striving together for promoting peace, stability and economic prosperity in Asia. In the past, China-Pakistan ties were mainly of military and strategic importance. But now the economic relations of China-Pakistan are strengthening specially after the conclusion of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in 2007. In this paper we would focus upon the economic relations of China and Pakistan. We also used the granger causality test to understand the relationship between Chinese Inward FDI and Economic Growth. We took the annual data from 1980 t0 2012. We found that growth in China caused inward FDI. Furthermore, it has been discussed that what Pakistan can learn from the miraculous economic progress and prosperity of China
Value Relevance of Firm Specific Corporate Governance and Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange
Get PDFThis study examines the value relevance of firm specific corporate governance and macroeconomic variables of public listed non-financial companies in Karachi stock exchange (KSE) and also answers how a firm can increase its value relevance by incorporating most value relevant drivers in their financial management systems. The sample of the study is drawn by stratified systematic sampling technique to capture most representative sample on the basis of market capitalization. A total 12 years secondary data from 2000 to 2011 is used as the study period. This time frame is chosen because the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) issued corporate governance code in year 2002; moreover this time frame also covers the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in 2005. The results of the study found that book value, earnings per share; quality corporate governance and real gross domestic product growth rate significantly determine the stock price. But the regression coefficients of inflation and money supply are statistically insignificant. The study also found that there is a positive and significant impact of the issuance of code of corporate governance and mandatory adoption of IFRSs on the value relevance of book value and earnings. This implies that the relevance of published financial statement has been increased for the investors
The Relationship between Macroeconomic Volatility and the Stock Market Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe relationships among the macroeconomic variables and stock returns analyzed in both the developed and developing countries, but are not well estimated in Pakistan. The current study explores the time series as analysis of economic variables and stock market by applying the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH). The macroeconomic variables include interest rate, inflation, and gross domestic product. For representation of stock market, Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100 Index) is taken as test market. The monthly data of the variables for the time period from December 1991 to August 2012 is used for the current study analysis. The ADF and ARCH tests are used to check the stationarity and homoskedasticity in the data respectively. The results show that macroeconomic variables have substantial influence on the stock prices. The stock prices have much impact on the economy of the country, and are consider as the best indicators for future prediction of the market and economy as well. Furthermore, the stock market in Pakistan is highly volatile the regulatory bodies must pay attention to make it less volatile
Trade-off between Inflation, Interest and Unemployment Rate of Pakistan: A Cointegration Analysis
Get PDFPakistan is one of the developing countries in Asia. Destabilized economy is one of the major hurdles in the progress of Pakistan while inflation, interest and unemployment rates are three major indicators for destabilization. Purpose of the study is to investigate the link between these major economic variables that have great affect on the economic structure. Johansen’s Cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) have been employed to find out the long run relationship between variables. Furthermore, Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) have been estimated. The results of the study indicate that inflation, interest and unemployment rates are cointegrated. It is found that interest and unemployment rates are both negatively related to the rate of inflation in the economy. But the rate of unemployment does not depend on inflation rate and interest rate
Developing Organizational Commitment and Organizational Justice to Amplify Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Banking Sector
Get PDFThis research is an effort to detect the association amid Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) mediated via Organizational Commitment. The design of banking services has altered from simple work-related services to specialized services. This brings a great change in banks work dynamics so a research in this field is of high importance. It is a product of both primary and secondary sources of data, acquired through survey of 17 banks of Peshawar City. Sample was determined by applying Slovin’s Formula. Therefore, 200 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 134 were useable with the reply rate of 72.5%. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) findings verify that the assumed theory fits statistics incredibly fine. Significant positive associations were found amid Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment. While non significant associations were found with Organizational Justice. As a Mediator, Organizational Commitment influences association amid Organizational Justice and OCB appreciably is accepted & significantly proved by observed data
The Effect of Management Entrenchment on the Equity Capital in Iran
Get PDFManagerial Entrenchment means that management control a significant portion of the equity in the firm and his/her actions is inconsistent with maximizing aim of the Institute. This research examined the impact of managerial entrenchment on cost of capital stock by analyzing of changes in levels. The present paper examines the relationship between managerial entrenchment, Systematic risk, rate of sales growth, the ratio of CEO and the cost of capital stock. Thus, 55 listed companies were analyzed during 2006-2010. The results indicate there is a significant relationship between the difference of managerial entrenchment period and cost of capital stock period and also significant relationship exists between rate of long sales growth, the ratio of CEO and the cost of capital stock, whereas, there is not significant relation between systematic risk and cost of capital stock
Sheepskin Effects of Investment in Schooling: Do They Signal Family Background? Case of Pakistan
Get PDFConsiderable recent research both for the developing as well as the developed countries has provided evidence for the existence of the sheepskin effect to the economic returns in schooling investment. However, there has not been much empirical work investigating the mechanism that may lie behind the observed sheepskin effects. The few notable exceptions that have started addressing this important yet neglected question of interpreting what do sheepskin effects signal include Flores-Lagunes and Light (2007) for the U. S., Riddell (2008) for Canada and Shabbir and Ashraf (2011) as well as Shabbir (2011) in the case of Pakistan.
The present study was undertaken to examine the robustness of sheepskin effects in the face of measured family background in the case of Pakistan. The unique feature of this study is that it utilizes the only nationally representative data set available which allows for a test of sheepskin effects; in fact, Shabbir (1991) was the first of its kind study which used this data set to test (and establish) the existence of sheepskin effects in the case of Pakistan. The present study is an attempt to build on that research finding in order to explore the question of what do sheepskin effects signal? In particular, do they signal measured family background?
The important empirical finding of this study is that there is strong evidence of significant sheepskin or diploma effects for all four important certification levels i.e. Matric, Intermediate, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Master of Arts (M.A). Further, and more importantly in terms of the research question posed by this paper, these diploma effects are robust when measured family background effects are controlled for using such measures as father\u27s education, father\u27s income and mother\u27s income. Thus the observed sheepskin effects may be signaling other aspects of ability or other relevant influences besides measured family background (including latent or unmeasured family influences) which keeps the all-important question of the mechanism underlying these observed sheepskin effects open and in need of future research