Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Organizational Cynicism and Employee Turnover Intention: Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan
Get PDFThe idea of the research study is to examine the effect of organizational cynicism (OC) on employee turnover intention (TI). The literature on organizational cynicism and turnover intention demonstrates that cynicism has profound effects on turnover intention. Further the influence of job satisfaction (JS) and intrinsic motivation (IM) as mediating variables were also investigated. The data was gathered through self-administered questionnaire from 250 employees functioning on various positions in domestic private sector banks from two cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi/Islamabad). The findings of survey concluded that Job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation partially mediates the relationship between organizational cynicism and turnover intention. The main limitation of the study is the sample used, that is from the banking segment and from twin cities (Rawalpindi/Islamabad). Self-reported questionnaire data is use as the medium of measurement in the present study. To cope with the challenge management must create an atmosphere within the banks to improve employees’ intrinsic motivation to reduce turnover intention. This study may contribute to the knowledge available on cynicism an area that is almost under-research in Pakistan
Classifications of Countries Based on Their Standard of Living
Get PDFIn the body of the literature, it is celebrated that human well-being becomes the key subject in measuring the economic development. The purpose of this study is to classify the countries with respect to their standard of living on the basis of economic growth, health, education and quality of environment by using cluster analysis and self-organizing feature map. The data have been obtained from the World Bank Report 2011, United Nation Development Program and the United Nation Statistics Division. The results of this study reveal that health and quality of environment indicators playing most important role for classification of the countries
The Impact of Working Capital Management on Corporate Performance: A Study of Firms in Cement, Chemical and Engineering Sectors of Pakistan
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to investigate the impact of working capital management (WCM) on corporate performance in cement, chemical and engineering sectors of Pakistan. Data is obtained from annual reports of the companies during 2007-2011. Pooled ordinary least squares method is used to estimate the relationship between the measures of working capital management and performance. WCM measures include average age of inventory, average collection period, average payment period, operating cycle, and the cash conversion cycle whereas return on equity is used as a measure of firm performance. Leverage and firm size are taken as control variables. Results indicate that average payment period negatively and significantly whereas cash conversion cycle positively and significantly relate with return on equity. While, average collection period and operating cycle positively and insignificantly whereas average age of inventory negatively and insignificantly relates to the return on equity. In short WCM influences the corporation’s performance
Work-Family Enrichment as Predictors of Work Outcomes among Teachers
Get PDFThe present study aimed at finding out work-family enrichment as predictors of work outcomes (job satisfaction, affective commitment and turnover intentions). The sample comprised of 225 individuals involved in teaching profession was selected from the public and private colleges of Sargodha. Work-Family Enrichment Scale (Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, & Grzywacz, 2006), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Johnson & Weiss, 1971), Affective Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Allen & Mayer, 1990) and Turnover Intentions Scale (Vigoda-Gadot & Kapun, 2005) were used for data collection. Work-family enrichment was found as positive predictor of affective commitment and job satisfaction but negative predictor of turnover intentions. Results also showed significant differences in affective commitment and turnover intentions among employees of private and public sectors
Revealing Ideal Number of Children by Households: A Socioeconomic Analysis Using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
No full textMost of the developing economies including Pakistan are facing the problem of rapid population growth. All the efforts to control higher population growth become useless when the household desire larger number of children. In the study the determinants of ideal number of children revealed by the woman are probed. So along with sociocultural, economic, demographic and attitudinal characteristics of the household, a range of woman characteristics like her education, working status, BMI, exposure to media, ownership of assets, household decision-making, justification of violence and spousal age difference are included in the model. The results have shown that woman’s education, woman’s empowerment through household decision-making and resistance to violence against woman and inter-spousal age difference reduce the number of desired children. Exposure to media regarding the family planning programs has also shown negative impact on the ideal number of children. Wealth index has also been emerged as the strong predictor for keeping the ideal number of children low. On the other hand, son-daughter ratio and good health of the woman proxied by BMI positively impact the ideal number of children. From the policy perspective woman’s education, exposure to media and woman autonomy needs specific attention at the end of family planning programs and women development in Pakistan
Role of School Council in the Performance of Primary Level Students
Get PDFIn this era of globalization school council plays a vital role towards the performance of students in primary education. Comparative research may help to assess the pace of project development, and explore the impediments for adopting timely remedial measures. This research aims to explore the role of school council in Community Model Schools and Govt Girls Primary Schools. The target population of the study comprises of all Community Model Schools and Govt Girls Primary Schools in Punjab, Pakistan. However, the accessible population was three fifty schools (175 Community Model Schools and 175 Govt Girls Primary Schools) from thirty five districts of the Punjab. To see the role of school council and academic performance of students, a sample from each district is selected based on ten head mistresses, twenty teachers, ten administrators, one hundred students and one hundred parents are randomly selected. Documentary facts were used for seeing the role of school council and academic performance of students in both types of schools, as well as a questionnaire of five point Likert scale was designed to investigate and collect data about the students’ performance and role of school council. Data is analyzed by using descriptive statistics as well as t-test to compare both types of schools at 5% level of significance. Results indicate that Community Model Schools are better in students’ performance due to the role of school council than Govt. Girls Primary Schools
Stock Market a Proxy for Oil Prices - A Focus on the Nigerian Economy
Get PDFThis research unearths the jolts in oil prices that has effect on the actual stock returns in Nigeria over 2001-2011 using multivariate regression models. Variables ranging from altering oil prices, changes in stock returns, changes in exchange rates and altering world market index were employed. For the purpose of this study, oil is specified as crude oil, extracted in commercial quantity and distributed to the international economy.
This study offers support for the hypotheses that; relationship between share prices and oil prices, exchange rates and world market index does exist. Share prices of Nigerian companies respond negatively to changes in exchange rate, therefore share prices increase when the Naira appreciates against the American dollar. The t test results confirm that all but seven companies correlate to the three variables. This confirms strong evidence of stock market correlation between the Nigerian stock market and the three independent variables. Holding all other factors constant, it can be asserted that share prices of Nigerian companies respond positively to the world market and oil prices. Hence, share prices increase when the world market improves; share prices also increase with oil prices
Failing in Corporate Governance and Warning Signs of a Corporate Collapse
Get PDFHistory of corporate world is fraught with manipulations and scams. These corporate frauds are widespread, costly, and multifaceted and adversely affect all stakeholders. Starting from the ‘first well-documented’ securities manipulation fraud, known as the ‘Dutch Tulip Mania’ in 1636 and 1637 in the Netherlands, to ‘Glaxo China’ in 2014, corporate frauds around the world, have rocked the corporate world resulting, either in new or revamping of the older governance structures, codes and guidelines. This paper aims to categorize prominent factors responsible for corporate collapses and that too of reputedly sound corporate giants during the period 1990-2014. Review and analyses of 55 cases from 16 countries identify USA as the country highest in corporate frauds with 53% of the cases going to its credit. In 83% of the corporate collapses, the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in collusion with 77% of the Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) have been held responsible. In 72 % of the cases, the main players have faced criminal penalties and were sentenced to jail, whereas 69% received monetary penalties. A number of factors including greed and over ambitiousness of the top executives and poor internal controls have found to be prominent causes of corporate collapses. All the corporations that collapsed, were corporate giants in their own fields, had strong market repute and rich annual reports. But all fell a prey to, either over ambitiousness or to greed of their top notch executives, who indulged in high risk ventures in order to expand. In major corporate scandals, stakeholders apparently were misled by sound annual reports, while the facts later on revealed presence of gross management misconduct, fraudulent financial reporting and auditing issues. The aggressive and speedy growth and expansion of any corporation, has been found to be a common warning sign that should be examined skeptically by any shareholder or investor before investing
Measurement and Policy Implications of NAIRU in SAARC Countries
Get PDFThe study mainly focused on the estimation and implementation of the concept of nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) in prominent SAARC countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Nepal) by using a panel dataset during 1971- 2012. Three approaches (i.e. the pooled OLS, the fixed effect, the random effect) were applied for empirical analysis. On the whole, the estimated values of NAIRU were reported 6.80 percent (with supply shocks) and 6.71 percent (without supply shocks) in these countries. The study also reported the values of NAIRU for Pakistan (6.73 percent), Bangladesh (7.85 percent), India (6.06 percent), Sri Lanka (6.04 percent) and Nepal (6.81 percent) separately. Furthermore, it was observed that when actual unemployment rate was below the reported value of NAIRU, there was a pressure on inflation rate to rise and vice versa (ceteris paribus) in these countries. The results were found significant in all the facets of the study. The study not only highlighted the policy implications but also suggested a comprehensive package of policy recommendations to address the problems of inflation and unemployment in SAARC countries
Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Evidence from Banking Sector
Get PDFThe aim of this research study is to determine the satisfaction level of banking customers regarding quality of different services provided by their bank and their loyalty with the respective bank. Service quality is studied within a spectrum of different dimensions. An effort is also made to find out which service quality dimensions may enhance customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a better way.
Respondents are chosen from a range of varying demographic features using stratified random sampling. Banks from both public and private sector are selected for sampling. Survey questionnaires were distributed among 270 customers of different banks. An 83% (225 respondents) valid response rate is yielded. Descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, correlation and regression are used to analyze the data.
Findings indicate that service quality and all its dimensions have significant and positive association with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.
Banking sector is a significant sector in Pakistan’s economy and has seen unprecedented growth and raging competition during the last decade. Therefore this study has been specifically conducted to look into this phenomenon and seek empirical justification in this regard by considering service quality as the main contributory factor towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty