Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Relationship between TQM Dimensions and Organizational Performance
Get PDFThe maintenance and enhancement of organizational performance is a challenge for firms as they always try to sustain competitive advantage. This challenge may be convened through the principles of total quality management (TQM). The organizations ought to understand what dimensions of quality management system are more important for performance enhancement. This paper focuses on four TQM dimensions; customer focus, continuous improvement, employee involvement, top management support to identify the most critical quality dimensions as predictor of organizational performance. The results are based on the empirical data collected from a self-administrative survey from 90 organizations (270 managers) of textile sector in Pakistan. Multiple linear regression results reveal that continuous improvement and employee involvement are the most critical dimensions for predicting organizational performance. Whereas, customer focus and top management support has no statistical significance for predicting the performance. The research poses future directions along with implications for theory and practitioners
Motivation for Skill Transfer: Mediating Role of E-Learners Satisfaction
Get PDFTransfer motivation is of huge importance in training and effective management of knowledge. This study aims to explore the structural association of operative factors (internal value, learning usefulness, learning environment, learner satisfaction) and motivation of e-learner, for effective skill transfer. Online survey was conducted to collect data from 200 students of Virtual University, who were enrolled in two subjects: Knowledge Management and Organizational Behavior. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) found that the structural association among e-learners’ internal value, learning usefulness, learning environment, satisfaction, and motivation for skill transfer is significantly positive. Nonetheless, the study found a weak association among learning environment, and motivation for skill transfer. Some propositions were made to augment e-learners’ learning outcomes e.g. enhance sample size, take data from students of other courses as well, some other variables (social belongingness, achievements of e-learner) must be taken into account. This study endows with an integrated view of e-learner’s effective factors of motivation for skill transfer in e-learning environment
Linking Organizational Justice with Organization Citizenship Behaviors: Collectivism as Moderator
Get PDFThe study examines the link between organizational justice (OJ) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) using collectivism (COLL) as moderating variable in Pakistan. Survey based data is collected using questionnaire from 350 respondents of six public sector universities in Pakistan. The Cohen model was used for testing the moderating effect of collectivism. Empirical results show significant positive link between organizational justice and OCB, and that collectivism moderates positively in organizational justice and OCB link. The results imply that the leader’s success at workplace depends upon treating employees with justice. Additionally, Logit model was also used to test the moderating effect of collectivism in the relationship of OJ and OCB link. This study is an important contribution to the existing literature as it employs Cohen model and logit model together in the field of organizational behavior
Long run Determinants of Real Exchange Rate: An Econometric Analysis from Pakistan
Get PDFReal Exchange rate is an important player in the growth of the economy as it may lead to higher export by stabilizing currency value at any specific level. This study aims to analyze the determinants of real exchange rate in Pakistan. Time series data is collected from 1972 – 73 to 2012 – 13. Johansen co-integration test and error correction model is utilized for examining long run and short run elasticity’s. The study concludes that real exchange rate is depreciated by terms of trade and Price level. While trade restrictions and workers’ remittances are exerting negative effect or appreciating real exchange rate of Pakistan in the long run
Does Macroeconomic Performance Leads to Human Development: An Empirical Evidence from Asian Economies
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is to empirically investigate whether economic performance in Asian economies is helpful for human development or not. For this purpose, data of 40 Asian economies has been taken from various international sources. Empirical investigation has been done by two-stage least square and validity of estimations have been verified by various diagnostic tests. The analysis has been divided into three parts, i.e. for overall Asian economies, economies with high HDI (above the median HDI) and economies with low HDI (below the median HDI). Results show that credit to private sector and urbanization are the most important and influential macroeconomic indicators for promotion of human development (overall economies, high HDI economies and low HDI economies). Capital formation contributed in human development only in overall economies. The performance of monetary and fiscal sectors proxied by supply of M2 and collection of taxes respectively are not leading to human development but results show that monetary indicator is negatively influencing human development in overall analysis of Asian countries as well as high HDI and low HDI economies. However fiscal indicator has shown insignificant effect in overall economies, positive effect in above the median economies and negative effect in below the median economies
Motivational Needs, Core-Self-Evaluations and their Link with Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Telecom Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFOrganizations increasingly realize that in order to keep existing external customer satisfied, it is essential to get employees satisfied. Main objective of this study is to analyze individual\u27s motivational factors and their relationships with internal market orientation, and their overall relationship with employee job satisfaction.
Data for this cross-sectional study is collected from 287 employees through questionnaire. The data is analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results showed direct relationship between employee’s core self-evaluations and internal market orientation. Also that these constructs contribute significantly in enhancing job satisfaction. The study provides information on how personality relates with organizational efforts in contributing towards job satisfaction through internal market orientation. There are very rare studies to examine the impact of core-self-evaluation on internal market orientation practices’ which further affects employee job satisfaction. Hence, it makes a contribution toward literature for both academic scholars and practitioners
A Feminist Reading of Shakespearean Tragedies: Frailty, Thy Name is Woman
Get PDFLiterary texts are loaded with ideologies, sometimes overtly and sometimes covertly. Shakespeare’s plays, both tragedies and comedies are perfect specimens of art and literature. Theories and principles of pure art and form can be deduced from them. On the surface, they seem to be structured by issues like love, jealousy, hatred, wars, intrigues, human failures and failings. But deep down these texts are the carriers of ideologies. They, at one level, project the binary opposition between male and female, in which male pair is privileged. Shakespeare’s plays are not lacking in women with positive human qualities, and some of them are presented with qualities and attributes at par with men, but on the whole these texts disseminate and project the historical and conventional perception of woman, as lesser and negative stereotype, and portray them from the patriarchal perspective. The present study intended to investigate the portrayal of women in Shakespeare’s major tragedies. The study is based upon the exhaustive analysis of the major tragedies of Shakespeare (Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet) in the light of deconstructive Feminism. The main hypothesis of the study is that women in Shakespearean tragedies are portrayed and presented as lesser and negative stereotypes and these texts have reinforced and strengthened the patriarchy and patriarchal values
Interrelationship among Capital Structure, Corporate Governance Measures and Firm Value: Panel Study from Pakistan
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to test most discussed relationship between capital structure and firm value. This research also investigated the impact of corporate governance measures on firm value and impact of capital structure on corporate governance measures. The study used the 775 firm year observations of 155 non-financial companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for financial years containing 2008 to 2012. Keeping in view the nature of data (balanced panel), fixed effects regression method is employed to estimate the formulated relationships. For first relationship of interest (impact of capital structure on firm value) the study found significant positive impact, but in case of corporate governance, only board independence and ownership concentration measures are found affecting firm value significant with positive sign. For third relationship i.e., impact of leverage on governance measures, this study found no significant affects
Factors Inducing Career Choice: Comparative Study of Five Leading Professions in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify major factors which induce Pakistani graduates while making their career choice. The current research investigated whether career choice factors vary across gender and among leading professions like management, agriculture, engineering, medical and pharmacy. Grounded from literature, a specially designed survey instrument was prepared and pilot tested for data collection. The final questionnaire pertained 24 items and was administered across a valuable sample of 370 students representing various disciplines from 8 different universities. Using principal component analysis, the items were grouped into five factors and were labeled as growth opportunities, occupational charm, self-esteem, societal inspiration and work related factors. The results significantly varied especially for medical, management and pharmacy professions and differed from previous investigations, illuminating the contextual importance of career choice factors. In terms of gender, females seemed more socially inspired as compared to their male counterparts while making a career choice
Transformational, Transactional Leadership and Rational Decision Making in Services Providing Organizations: Moderating Role of Knowledge Management Processes
Get PDFThe study is based on moderating role of knowledge management processes in the relationship between transformational, transactional leadership and rational decision making in services providing organizations. The study also examined the effect of transformational leadership and knowledge management processes on the predication of rational decision making. Information from services providing organizations including banks, hospitals, and universities is collected through Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Knowledge Management Process Scale and General Decision Making Styles Questionnaire. A purposive sample of 1200 employees participated in the present study. Moderated Regression analysis confirmed that transformational, transactional leadership and knowledge management processes positively predicted rational decision making. Finally, knowledge management processes moderated between transformational, transactional leadership and rational decision making