Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Impact of Extroversion and Narcissism on in Role and Extra Role Performance: Moderating Role of Impression Management Motives
Get PDFThe main objective of this research is to highlight the impact of extroversion and narcissism on in-role & extra role performance. In addition, the study also aimed to investigate whether impression management motives would moderate the relationship between personality types (extroversion and narcissist) and performance (in-role & extrarole). For this purpose, this model was developed and empirically tested in the banking industry of Pakistan. The research used self rating and supervisor rating technique to investigate the relationships among study variables. The data was collected through survey from 229 employees of the banking sectors of officer grade-III and above and their ratings from their supervisors. The results multiple regression analysis provided support for all hypotheses. Extroversion was found to be positively related with organizational citizenship behavior-interpersonal (OCB-I), organizational citizenship behavior- organizational (OCB-O) and in-role performance whereas narcissism was found to be negatively associated with OCB-I, OCB-O and in-role performance in the absences of impression management motives. However, the results also suggest that the prediction of OCB-I, OCB-O and in-role performance was positively associated with narcissism when considering the moderating impact of impression management motives. The present study will help managers to understand the behaviors of employees to have positive impact on organizational performance
The Relationship of Compulsive Buying with Consumer Culture and Post-Purchase Regret
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to determine whether Post-Purchase Regret is caused among consumers due to internal feelings, which in our case was Compulsive Buying as a result of the Materialistic and Status oriented values prevalent among the people, that affects Post-Purchase Regret which could also caused by Unplanned Buying resulting from external factors like Sales Promotions and Bank-card Payments at the retail stores. A sample of 308 college students filled the questionnaires for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done to check the reliability and validity of instrumentation used in this study. After conducting Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) we found a significant impact of materialism; passion defined success, acquisitions as the pursuit of happiness and acquisition centrality, on compulsive buying leading to a significant impact on Post-Purchase Regret. This indicates that the internal states of the consumers such as compulsiveness associated with Materialism and status consumption causes Post Purchase Regret
Role of Personal Factors in Perception of Workplace Bullying Among Telecommunication Personnel
Get PDFWorkplace bullying is a substantial and intricate issue that presents a target for organizations to cope. The present study is cross-sectional survey that examined the role of personality traits (extroversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, agreeableness, and openness to experience) of individuals and demographics (i.e., gender, marital status, education and monthly income) in their perception of workplace bullying. Negative Acts Questionnaire (Einarsen & Raknes, 1997) and Mini Markers Personality Inventory (Saucier, 1994) were administered on a sample of (N = 280; women = 83, men=197, Age range from 20 to 40 years) employees of five telecommunication companies from Islamabad. Results showed that negative correlation exist between personality traits (extroversion agreeableness, emotional stability and conscientiousness) and workplace bullying. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability are significantly predicting workplace bullying. Non-significant differences were revealed on gender, marital status, income level, job experience and education with respect to workplace bullying. The findings are discussed in cultural context. This study has utilized a crosssectional design, rather than a longitudinal design. The sample of the study was small and only limited to the cellular services providing companies. Future researches should include a larger sample from other professions
Determinants of Economic Literacy at University Level: A Case of Pakistan
Get PDFThe main intention of this study is to identify the determinants of economic literacy at university level. The data used in this study was collected by researchers through field survey by randomly selecting 200 students from different departments of the universities located in the Southern part of the Punjab province in Pakistan. Ordinary least square (OLS) technique and Logit model were used for empirical analysis. It is found that spending, age, gender, father’s education and student’s education were positive and significantly related to economic literacy. While the variables; mother’s education and bank account were statistically significant but negatively related to the respondents’ level of economic literacy. However, ATM used record, internet connection; resident’s location and guardian’s occupation were statistically insignificant with economic literacy. The study contributes towards the current understanding of the state of economic literacy among the young students. It also suggests the factors, which have significantly contributed towards the current economic literacy in Pakistani students
Role of Demographic Diversity in Online Knowledge Sharing
Get PDFKnowledge sharing is not only the requirement of professional lives but it has proved its importance in daily lives as well. This study particularly addresses the behavior of knowledge sharing in online world. Therefore, this study explores the influence of demographic factors on the online knowledge sharing behavior in the sample of 319. In order to check the possible differences in the means of different demographic factor groups, this study applied independent sample t-test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). These findings are significant since they provide a better insight to the indifferent role of demographic diversity of students when it comes to online knowledge sharing as a result of online social interaction. This study can find many utilities regarding the course contents and online study plans in educational institutes and personnel screening of human resource in organizations
How Transformational Leadership is related to Organizational Citizenship Behavior? The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence
Get PDFManagers’ emotional intelligence (EI), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and leadership styles play an imperative role in the organizational success. The current research investigates the mediating role of EI on the relationship between OCB and transformational leadership (TL). Data has been collected from employees of banking service sector of Pakistan. SPSS and Amos have been used to test the hypotheses of study in the conceptual model. Total sample size for this study is N=300. The value for Cronbach alpha is 0.907. The results provide an evidence for the mediating effect of EI on the relationship between TL and OCB. The paper concludes with the discussion on results and implications for the academicians and manager
Consumer Psyche and Positioning Strategies
Get PDFThe significance of positioning is firm in marketing but there is scant research, how positioning (strategies) alternatives are important or substitute each other, which positioning strategy overlap and how it measures effectively. Sometimes brand managers waste their energies and company resources to build an image of brand with simultaneous positioning strategies, whereas purpose can be achieved by applying the one of them. Quantitative mode of study is applied herein the research. Relative effectiveness of positioning strategies is measure by using multidimensional scale. The scale is based on four dimensions i.e., favorability, dissimilarity, uniqueness, and credibility. The associated items are seventeen with these four dimensions. Two print advertisements from cellular industry that are representing the given positioning strategies showed to the 100 consumers using purposive sampling technique. The statistical technique, ANCOVA is applied herein the study. The results show that the surrogate positioning strategy and feature positioning are identical in term of favorability and credibility. Other two dimensions named dissimilarity and uniqueness counter balance each other
Institutions or Geography: What Explains More to Trade Policy for Developing Nations?
Get PDFThis study attempts to develop a trade policy–growth nexus using political economy approach for world developing nations. Trade policy has been assumed as endogenous variable in whole analysis which means that many exogenous factors can have the effect on the policy choices in nations. Seven trade policy measures including policy based, outcome based, composite indices, and market based measures, have been covering the time span 1995-2013. Dynamic Panel Model has been estimated using an instrumental variable technique i.e. System Generalized Methods of Moment (SGMM). Findings of the model are confirming the importance of institutions and governance over geography in case of each trade policy proxy for developing nations. The policy recommendation on the basis of all these results is that neoliberal policies can be decisive for developing nations if integrated with good governance along with various political and economic institutions
GDP Fluctuations and Private Investment: A Macro Panel Analysis of Selected South Asian Countries
Get PDFThe current study examines the relationship between GDP fluctuations and private investment by using macro panel approach in a panel of five selected South Asian countries (SSAC) including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for the period of 1980-2010. The study applies modern non-stationary panel techniques such as cross section dependence test, unit root test under cross sectional dependence, panel cointegration and Group Mean Fully Modified OLS (GM FMOLS) estimation.
The study finds a long-run co-integrating relationship between GDP fluctuations and private investment in the SSAC. GM-FMOLS estimates show that this link is negative. Thus, the results indicate that GDP fluctuations have a significant negative impact on private investment in SSAC as GDP volatility gives a negative signal to private investors. The study also suggests that GDP volatility may be harmful for private investment in developing countries and negative effect on private investment will also be transferred to growth as the investment is a key determinant of growth. So, the governments of developing countries should equally focus on managing the volatility of GDP to increase private investment along with other measures for creating an investment-friendly environment. Additionally, an increase in private investment will further help in maintenance of stability
The Monetary and Fiscal Determinants of National Savings in Pakistan: An Empirical Evidence from ARDL approach to Co-integration
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to discuss the short- and long-run relationships between national savings and its monetary and fiscal determinants in Pakistan, during the period 1972-2010. In this study, monetary determinants are M2, Deposit rate, Inflation rate and fiscal determinants are budget deficit, government expenditures, government savings and government revenue (taxation) of national savings. The bounds testing approach to integrated cointegration is used, which is applicable irrespective of whether the underlying variables are of order one or order zero. To estimate the short- and long-run elasticities, the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) is used. The study concludes that deposit rate and government expenditures is showing positive relationship with national saving in both long run and short run. M2 is negatively related with national saving in long run but highly significant. Inflation rate is presenting a positive relationship with national saving in short run. The coefficient of government saving is larger in short run as compare to long run. No serial correlation exists in both models. Macroeconomic stability combined with solid prudential regulations of financial institutions may create an environment that will raise national savings