Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
Not a member yet
665 research outputs found
Sort by
The Spillover Effect of CSR Initiatives on Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intent: The Role of Customer-Company Identification with the Moderating Effect of Awareness
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to contribute in the literature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by analyzing how well the customers identifies themselves with the ethics and values of the company i.e. various CSR activities (Sponsorship, Cause-Related Marketing and Philanthropy) and its spillover effect on the purchase intentions. The findings of the study are based on 230 sample size by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and cluster analysis. The results indicate that a high level of identification between the customer and company leads to better attitudes towards the product or service of an organization. The study also tries to uncover the impact of awareness in customers regarding the CSR campaigns and how this increased level of awareness leads to positive consumer behavior. The findings are usefulness for managers and they should try to communicate more with CSR activities especially through CRM as it showed the impact on identification. Nonetheless the study has geographical and sample size limitations thus cannot be generalized
Pakistan\u27s International Competitiveness over Asia and Europe
No full textThis study investigates Pakistan’s trading competitiveness over her trading partners using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index, proposed by Balassa (1965). The study aims to determine competitive position of Pakistan vis-à-vis to eight Asian economies and nine European economies in some sixteen industries from 2003 to 2013.The paper intends to explore new potential markets where Pakistan could have a distinct comparative advantage over her trading partners. The industries in which Pakistan has higher revealed comparative advantage over other countries and is not currently exporting, they would be new potential markets.
Result shows that Pakistan has significantly higher RCA in low value added goods. The criteria are that in those sectors where Pakistan has higher RCA and currently not exporting would be the new potential and profitable markets in the selected goods. It is recommended that Pakistan should diversify exports both in terms of markets as well as nature of goods export and would pursue those markets and sectors that provide comparatively higher margins and have more favorable terms of trade
Perceived Organizational Support as a Moderator of Affective Well-being and Occupational Stress
Get PDFThe present study aimed to find out the Perceived Organizational Support as a moderator of relationship between occupational stress and affective well-being among teachers. A sample of (N=210) was drawn from schools, colleges and University teachers including both male and female teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used having a specific age range, education, marital status, nature of institute and job experience. Survey research design was used. To collect data job related affective wellbeing scale (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector and Kelloway, 2000), perceived organizational scale (Rhoades and Eisenberger, 2002) and occupational stress scales (French & Caplan, 1972) were individually administered. The results suggested relationship between occupational stress, perceived and well-being among teachers. Perceived organizational support works as a moderator for well-being and occupational stress of teachers. Suggestions for the future researches and implications have been discussed
How Perceived Supervisor Support Effects Workplace Deviance? Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support
Get PDFEmployee-organization relationship has become a topic of prime concern for many firms across world, particularly in developing nations. However, little is known about its predictors in banking industry. Moreover, there is scarcity of literature regarding the underlying mediating mechanisms. Thus, purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of perceived organizational support on relationship between perceived supervisor support and workplace deviance within a non-western context. After preliminary pilot testing, via convenience sampling technique, survey questionnaires were distributed among 800 front-line employees working in the top banks of Pakistan, and 614 completely filled instruments were received back. SEM results verify that perceived organizational support partially mediates the impact of supervisor support and workplace deviance, implying that employees perceive more support when their organizations offer commensurate rewards, opportunities for growth and participation in decision making. This study is imperative for policy making in order to overcome counter-productive behaviors among front-line employees in both public and private banks of Pakistan. However, outcomes of this research are limited to the Pakistani context
Health and Academic Performance of University Students: Direct and Mediating Effect of Social Capital
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to study the impact of social capital on psycho social health, psycho-social wellbeing and physical health of university students. The main focus is on the social correlates of psycho-social health, psycho-social wellbeing and physical health of students. This study is based on primary data that is collected from university students of a university. First, this study examines whether social capital affects different dimensions of health of university students. Second, it investigates whether any relationship exists between academic performance of university students and all other variables of the study. Third, it examines whether social capital mediates the relationship between different dimensions of health and academic performance of university students. Social capital is found to be significant for academic performance and it also mediates the relationship between academic performance and psycho-social health, psycho-social wellbeing and physical health
Contemplating Employee Retention through Multidimensional Assessment of Turnover Intentions
Get PDFSeveral researches have studied the proposed relationships between the perception of organizational politics (POP), job insecurity, job embeddedness and turnover intentions. However, this study investigates a different explanation, by considering the moderating effects of static personality traits such as core self-evaluation (CSE) on Turnover intention (TI) when the employee, having varying levels of job embeddedness, (JE) is exposed to POP and job insecurity (JI). The worldwide increase in aspirations and provision of premium services in hospitality industry, especially in the five star category has led the customers to expect utmost superior service in every interaction. It needs skilled and customer oriented staff to maintain the set standards. In case of loss of such trained staff it results in faulty sales experience opportunity costs that may be detrimental to the reputation of the hotel, indicating turnover as a major concern in hospitality industry. There is a need to look through the lens of job embeddedness and CSE to understand actual and intended turnover, beyond the traditional job satisfaction prism to retain the trained staff. The data were obtained from employees of five-star hotels. Researcher- administered structured questionnaires were collected using multistage sampling method. 150 respondents were initially approached, 108 were duly filled in, constituting a response rate of 72%. It is found that POP and JI are positively related to TI. However the relationship is moderated by the CSE of employee that influence his experiences, behavior and intentions. Moreover the JE.is negatively related to TI and enhances the organization-employee fit and linkage. The results of the study suggest development of ‘Retention Policy’ that can be established through minimization of POP and enhancement in the JE of employees. Moreover, trust and transparency can be established by sharing information about the transparent reward policies, distinguishing high performing employees. This is particularly important in hospitality industry of Pakistan where the level of POP and injustice is particularly high. Making employees realize that they are not being mistreated/ manipulated is an important aspect to enhance their embeddedness. This can also tackle the problem of job insecurity. Furthermore, the hiring procedures of employees should make use of effective, objective and standard personality tests based on different dimensions, helping in acquiring the right caliber and traits of employees, ensuring their long term retention. The originality and value of the study lies in the application of a holistic person-oriented approach that inculcates the personality traits (CSE) of employees in determining the linkages between POP, JI, JE and TI. The empirical testing provides an important contribution to the hospitality management and marketing literature in Pakistan, providing not only a guideline for hiring and reward policies for employees who exhibit turnover intentions due to either POP and injustice in reward procedures or mismatch with the job requirements. It also highlights the need for hospitality management to devise mechanisms to increase the embeddedness (which was reportedly low/not recognized) to bear the fruits of such hiring policies
What Can Proximate Determinants of Fertility Tells Us about the Fertility Transition of Pakistan?
Get PDFPopulation planning program of countries neighboring Pakistan for example, Iran, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh are started about the same time as that in Pakistan and there has been a considerable reduction in fertility in these countries. During the past five decades Pakistan experienced a slow pace change in fertility—total fertility rate has declined from eight children per woman in the early 1960s to only four by the end of 2000s. Pakistani fertility particularly at regional levels received less attention in previous research. This paper attempts to explore the role of main proximate determinants of fertility proposed by Bongaarts to analyse the fertility transition in Pakistan since 1990s. Using the crosssectional data from the 1990, 2006 and 2012 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, and 2000-01 Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey, the classical Bongaarts model is applied here and the analysis is extended to analyse the regional variation. The results indicate that timing of marriage and contraceptive use are crucial determinants associated with fertility reduction in Pakistan. By following the Bongaarts criteria of fertility transition, it can be concluded that Pakistan has entered in the early third phase of fertility transition. Specifically urban areas of Pakistan, two provinces Punjab and Baluchistan are ahead in fertility transition compared to other regions. The results of the analysis highlight various areas for program intervention and policy development in Pakistan
Islam and Human Psychology
Get PDFPsychology plays a vital role in human personality. Islam itself is deeply interested in human psychology. The article discusses the connection of human psychology with Islam. When we discuss psychology, it comes the concept of spirit, self, heart and wisdom. Islam discusses these aspects of human personality and their role in life in Holy Quran. The article also reveals the opinion of different scholars, scientists and psychologists about faith and psychology. Islam lays stress on doing good deeds and avoiding of committing sins. The article also gives an idea how good deeds and attributes make an individual personality good or bad
Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Retention with Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment
Get PDFObjective of this research is to study the effect of Perceived Organizational support at retention of employees with mediation of psychological empowerment in higher educational Institutions of Pakistan. Questionnaire of 31 items is adopted in which 8 item scales is adopted to measure Perceived organizational support, 12 item scale to measure psychological empowerment and 11 item scale to measure Employee retention. 200 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 170 were returned. Analysis of data is done by using SPSS 18 version. Findings of research document the existence of considerable and affirmative association of Perceived organizational support with employee retention by partial mediation of psychological empowerment. In Pakistan this relationship is studied for first time. This study is carried out in Pakistan where perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment have been scarcely investigated and Psychological empowerment is entirely an ignored variable in this regard
Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Vulnerability of Pharmaceuticals Sector in Pakistan
Get PDFGenerally, Intellectual capital (IC) is recognized as a strategic asset of a company and used for value creation to sustain the competitive advantage. Value can be created by intangibles that are not always depicted in annual reports but are helpful to face financial shocks. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of IC on financial vulnerability (FV) of pharmaceutical sector in Pakistan. Quantitative data collected from the annual reports of listed pharmaceutical sector in Pakistan to test the study empirically. Data is examined by using PLS-Graph version 3. IC efficiency is measured through value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model developed by Pulic (2000, 2004). FV is measured by using the vulnerability model introduced by Tuckman and Chang (1991). Results show consistency with expectations moreover, IC efficiency of pharmaceutical firms has significant impact on FV. This study extends the literature of FV with the combination of IC