Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Assessing the Influence of the Cultural Perspective On Cross Cultural Conflict: An Analysis of Cultural Environment
Get PDFGlobalization has opened new doors of business opportunities for organizations, but at the same time it has transformed the working environment into a highly multicultural setup. Accordingly the issue of understanding and handling multi-culturalism effectively is gaining importance in organizations. The paper explores the influence of cultural intangibles in multicultural organization while highlighting a new role of “enhanced understanding of cultural diversity” that would reduce team conflict for better group performance.
Mixed methods paradigm is used for developing a framework to analyze horizontal and vertical links and core factors contributing towards cross cultural conflicts in a multicultural environment. The sample consisted of 427 participants. The findings show that the potential for conflict is intrinsically embedded in multi-culture teams due to difference in cultural frame of reference used by corresponding individuals. The study further indicates that language compatibility, and misapprehensions of cultural differences are the main contributors towards conflict
Globalization Challenges and Opportunities: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan
Get PDFThe prime goal of this study is to evaluate the association between poverty, economic globalization and income disparity in the context of Pakistan. The pragmatic work is based on the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) for long run relationship and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) approach for short run relationship testing span from 1973 to 2013. The study shows that there is long-term and short run association between Real GDP and GLOB. This study identifies the globalization’s impact over inequalities in income and poverty in the context of Pakistan. The paper provides some useful and doable policy recommendations to reap maximum benefits and make globalization successful, acceptable and fruitful for Pakistan
Household Choice of Public versus Private Health Institution for Maternal Health-Care: A Case Study of Bahawalpur (Pakistan)
Get PDFIn Pakistan the ratio of institutional delivery that is one of the most important components of maternal health-care is lower than in a number of developing economies. The ratio of public sector institutional delivery is again lower than private sector institutional delivery. Government of Pakistan spends a lot of money for health services and there is a complete system of health-care comprising of basic health units to bigger hospitals in the country. For policy making it is necessary to analyze why the households choose private sector health institutions. The paper empirically analyzes the determinants of choice of public versus private sector health institution by the household. For the purpose binary logistic regression (bivariate and multivariate) has been applied on primary data collected form Bahawalpur. The results have shown that birth-interval, woman education, partner’s education, woman autonomy (freedom of movement), planned pregnancy, media exposure, wealth index, birth-interval, number of pregnancies and pregnancy complications decreases the probability of delivery at public sector health institution. The inter-spouse age gap, woman work status and health worker’ visit enhance the likelihood of delivery at public sector health institution. It may be concluded that quality of healthcare matters for choice of private sector health institutions and private sector health institutions are substitute to public sector health institutions. The public sector institutions should increase the quality of health-care and there should be a regulatory body for ranking the health institutions
Impact of Investor Personality Types with interaction Effects of Demographics on Investment Behavior: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe study consists of three dimensions of investor personality types having psychological biases and investment behavior. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between investor personality types and investment behavior in the stock market of Pakistan. Questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted to collect the primary data from individual investors in the Islamabad Stock Exchange of Pakistan. Multivariate regression results reveal that investor personality types significantly influence the investment behavior of individuals. This entails that investment adviser and their clients can make suitable investment programs by considering the three dimensions of investor personality types (having cognitive and emotional psychological biases) toward the investment behavior of individual investors. This study captures the attention of investors, to the combine usage of both standard finance and micro behavioral finance that might be guiding principle for determining the investor’s personality type. Finally, the investors would be in the position to construct the profitable investment in the stock market
Do Defense Expenditures Augment Economic Growth in Pakistan and India? A Deger-type analysis using GMM Approach
Get PDFDefense spending is a multifaceted phenomenon. In recent years, economists and policy makers have been interested in the explanation of the relationship between defense spending and macroeconomic variables especially growth. This study explores the connection between defense outlays and growth in two neighboring but hostile countries i.e. Pakistan and India by applying GMM technique to Deger-type model. The findings of study for Pakistan reveal that the net effect of defense spending is positive while for India it turns out to be negative. It means that the defense sector in Pakistan fosters the economic growth via aggregate demand and modernization effects. For India, defense sector is hampering growth due to reallocation of resources and creation of new resources arguments
Consumer Preferences to Pay a Price Premium for Quality Attributes in Pakistani Grown Mangoes
Get PDFConsumer preferences in food products are complex and multidimensional in nature, whose measurement requires the designing of succinctly validated scales. This study investigates how urban consumers perceive quality of locally grown mangoes varieties in Pakistan and how much extra price they are willing to pay for these quality attributes. Data was collected through a survey employed at supermarkets in five major cities of Pakistan, and responded 304 randomly selected consumers. Partial least square structural equation modelling was employed in the analysis. The results showed a dimensional structure representing the mango quality perceptions, profiled through extrinsic and intrinsic attributes, and consumers are willing to pay significantly different price premiums for quality attributes in mangoes. The findings of the study will be useful for the policy makers and mango value chain actors because quality in fresh fruits such as mangoes play a key role in determining the final market value of the produce and acceptance by the consumers to pay price premiums. This study contributes to advancing the knowledge on fruit consumption behavior in a developing country where existing research on assessing the willingness-to-pay with actual behavior is scant
Employing Sensory marketing as a promotional advantage for creating Brand Differentiation and Brand loyalty
Get PDFSensory marketing is an up-coming tool that integrates the five human senses for generating a total experience that the customer keeps in mind. The main objective of the study is to identify the impact of sensory marketing on consumers to generate brand loyalty. The second objective of this study is to generate impact of sensory marketing on brand loyalty and also brings out the results, which can be adopted by marketers for the other products of same genre. The third objective is by using the sensory marketing to gain promotional advantage over competitors. SPSS 21 is used in this study. Random sampling is used to collect the data. Sample size is of 520 and 5- point Likert scale is used. The result of the study shows that the effective usage of the sensory marketing generates the brand differentiation and brand loyalty in the form of sale enhancement. Marketing manager can attain promotional advantage and retain the loyal customer by using sensorial environment
Nexus between Exchange Rate Volatility and Oil Price Fluctuations: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFPakistan experienced too much variation in crude oil prices in the last decades and this variation received a great attention because it uses all the sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the determinants of Real Exchange Rate and analyze the impact of Real Oil Price Volatility on Real Exchange Rate Volatility in Pakistan over 1983-Q1 to 2014-Q2. Various econometric techniques like Johansen Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model have been used for short run and long run analysis respectively. Our findings explores that productivity differential, real foreign exchange reserves, interest rate differential, real exports and oil prices are the determinants of exchange rate. While, Real Foreign exchange reserves volatility, CPI volatility and Real Oil Price Volatility have positive and NEWS has a negative effect on Real Exchange Rate Volatility. Volatility results through EGARCH (1, 1) shows the presence of leverage effect in Real Oil Price Volatility and Real Exchange Rate Volatility. The government should make suitable policies for equilibrium of oil demand and supply in order to keep the exchange rate stable. Future research can be made on cross sectional countries by using monthly data of variables
Impact of High Performance Work Practices on Employees Performance in Pakistan: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement
No full textThe financial sector of Pakistan has been witnessing high growth since the last two decades. Due to increase of branch network, competition among banks has increased. In this intense competition, employees play pivotal role in the competitiveness of financial sector. To line with this, this study aims to find the impact of high performance work practices on employees’ performance through mediating role of employee engagement in banking sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, data were collected from employees working in the banking sector of district Multan, Pakistan. Questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection from a sample of two hundred employees. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17 was used for data analysis. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the validity and reliability of the measured constructs. Similarly, correlation and regression analysis indicated that all the study variables were positively related to each other. More specifically, high performance work practices had positive and significant impact on the employee engagement and employee performance. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that employee engagement mediated the relationship between high performance work practices and employee performance
Effect of Justice on Employee Performance in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFThe main goal of this study was to examine the impact of the three dimensions of justice on organizational performance when trust mediates the relationship. The industry chosen for this study was the banking industry of Pakistan. The data were collected from a developing country to see how results differ when compared with already conducted studies on justice from a developed country. The present study also takes into consideration the three dimensions of justice rather than considering justice to be a one-dimensional or two-dimensional construct. A total of 300 respondents who were employees of banks participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings of the study suggested that procedural and interactional justice had strong, positive and significant relationship with organizational trust but distributional justice had a weak but positive relationship with organizational trust. It was also empirically proved that organizational trust plays a vital role in determining organizational performance