Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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The Integrative Determinants of Innovation Performance: The Role of Learning Organization and Knowledge Creation
Get PDFThis study looks into the mediating effects of knowledge creation in the relationship between learning organization (LO) practices and innovation performance. It was performed with a sample of employees from Pakistani telecommunication companies. Findings from structural equation modeling suggest strong correlations between LO practices and knowledge creation, with both of them being critical drivers of innovation performance of firms. The findings further emphasize that knowledge creation plays a partial mediating role in linking the LO practices to innovation performance. The study suggests that providing training to management for both, effective implementation of LO practices and increasing intra and inter-departmental interaction for knowledge creation, could be useful strategic options to improve and boost innovation performance
Impact of Psychological Empowerment and Perceived Career Support on Employee Work Engagement with the mediating role of Affective Commitment
Get PDFThe ultimate plan of this study is to explore and examine the mediating influence of affective commitment while reviewing the impact of psychological empowerment and perceived career support on employee’s work engagement. To test the hypotheses empirically, the regression analysis was conducted by collecting data from employees belonging to telecom sector. Our findings suggest that affective commitment partially mediates the positive effects of psychological empowerment and perceived career support in the prediction of employee work engagement. The study explored first time the mediating role of affective commitment in relationship of psychological empowerment and employees’ work engagement. The study discloses practical suggestions for management of telecom sector, it also discusses the limitations of the research and it also gives direction for future studies
Followership Behavior and Leaders Trust: Do Political Skills Matter?
Get PDFThe study aims to examine the process and contingency to explain the relationship between follower’s proactive behavior and leader’s trust. Trust has been identified as one of the most critical elements of the high-quality relationship between a follower and leader and considered as a key boulevard through which followers can impact the behavior of their leaders. In this cross-sectional study, data is collected from leaders and followers (dyads) of a large corporation by conducting two self-administered surveys. Findings suggest that the proactive followers are more trustworthy in the eyes of their leaders. Perceived follower support plays a mediating role in this process. Further, we find that political skill of followers moderates this relationship. The study has significant implications for followership research, extending the comprehension about follower characteristics’ effect on their behaviors and leaders perception. We contribute to followership literature by empirically validating the practices that help in trust building on followers providing a framework to practitioners for trust-building and empowering scholars for further identification of followers’ behaviors and traits that can construct leaders’ trust. The study indirectly expands the leadership literature and provides help to understand the leadership in the context of followership. These findings are useful for followers, leaders and for individuals who are involved in their development and training and invest and train employees for effective followership behavior. By improving the followership skills of employees advance the effective leadership outcome ultimately, therefore organizational improvement can be increased
Enhancing Employee Innovative Behavior: The Moderating Effects of Organizational Tenure
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to find out that how the innovative behavior of employees can be enhanced and whether it remains same as the organizational tenure of employees increases. We propose that innovativeness among employees may be enhanced through four factors which include perceived failure tolerance, communication openness, work discretion, and reward fairness. Further, we assume that the effect of predictors will be moderated by the organizational tenure of the employees. Data were collected from 381 employees from the telecommunication sector in Pakistan. The application of two step structural equations modeling shows that all the antecedents have positive effect on employee innovativeness. Further, organizational tenure moderates this effect negatively. Employees with lesser organizational tenure were found to be more innovative. We recommend that organizations must establish a culture based on failure tolerance, open communication, work discretion, and fairness in order to cultivate innovative behaviors among employee. Furthermore, special refresher trainings, and lucrative incentives should be given to employees with higher organizational tenure in order to benefit their innovative potential
Sustainability of Subsistence Livelihoods of Agro-Pastoralists in Changing Socioeconomic Environment of Cholistan Desert-Pakistan
Get PDFSubsistence livelihoods of agro-pastoralists are heavily dependent on vulnerable natural resources. These natural resources are exposed to a number of risks in the form of shocks, trends and seasonality. These risks are linked with environmental hazards. The Cholistan desert is divided into Greater and Lesser Cholistan. Based on 2016 population estimation, thirty settlements were selected with proportion of 30% and 70% from greater and lesser Cholistan, respectively. The socioeconomic changes and their impact on livelihood strategies were studied. Human practices (transhumance and nomadism), land uses, population & settlement growth and living standards are the key indicators of the socioeconomic changes. Modern technologies, policy and hazards brought transformations in the livelihoods patterns in the Cholistan desert. The sustainability of subsistence livelihoods of agro-pastoralists in Cholistan desert was analyzed through strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) technique. In the lesser Cholistan, transformation in sustainability of livelihoods prevail in positive realm. However, in greater Cholistan which is the marginalized areas of Cholistan desert, this transformation both in socio-economic and physical set up are pushing the poor agropastoral communities towards vulnerability. The resilience of these subsistence livelihoods of agro-pastoralists can be enhanced through adaptation of innovative techniques and synchronization of land resettlement policy.
Illegal Logging and Wood Consumption: Estimation and Projection of Illegal Wood Harvesting in Pakistan through System Dynamics
Get PDFThe scale and impacts of the illegal logging economy are an important and interesting area of research, which suffers from data deficiency that makes the analysis a challenging task, especially in developing countries. The present study is an attempt to estimate the illegal wood harvest from State forests in Pakistan, using a system dynamics model to simulate time series data from 1990-2010. Projections of illegal logging were made up to 2029-30. Depending on the global estimation criteria for illegal logging, the study incorporated legal harvest from the State forests in a system dynamics model with population growth as a driving force of wood consumption. The supply contribution of State forests to total wood consumption and wood actually harvested from State forests is set as a base to estimate the level of illegal wood harvest. The monetary value of illegally harvested wood is determined on the basis of forestry sector contribution to GDP. The results show that illegal wood harvest is 4 times more than the legal wood harvest, and after the harvesting ban this ratio has decreased over time with the increasing share of wood supply from farmlands
Influence of Ethical Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: Examination of Individual-Level Psychological Mediators
Get PDFThis research aims to empirically examine the influence of ethical leadership on innovative work behavior by focusing on meaning; self-efficacy; self-determination; and, self-impact as individual-level psychological mediators of the proposed relationship. Present study used a sample of 508 researchers working in ten government research institutions of Pakistan. To analyze data for this cross-sectional study PROCESS, an addon to SPSS was used. The study reveals significant positive influence of ethical leadership on innovative work behavior that was partially mediated by meaning; self efficacy; self-determination; and, self-impact. The results are noteworthy as providing deeper insight of ethical leadership and innovative work behavior relationship via examining individual-level psychological mediators. Particularly, these findings are valuable for public sector practitioners who want to understand basic psychological processes for encouraging innovative work behavior of followers. Furthermore, present empirical research will assist scholars focusing on individual level outcomes of ethical leadership
Marshall-Lerner Condition for South Asia: A Panel Study Analysis
Get PDFFluctuations in exchange rate have threatened the stability of global financial system and have invited unwarranted currency war. South Asia has been experiencing a whopping trade deficit from the last many years. This study is an attempt to analyze the impact of exchange rate depreciation on trade balance by estimating Marshall-Lerner condition for South Asian countries. This study used the panel data of seven South Asian countries consisting of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri-Lanka for the period of 1993 to 2010. The study used random effects model (REM) to estimate the import and export demand elasticity. The study used Hausman Specification test to make a choice between fixed effects model and random effects model. The study has also used Breusch-Pagan test to make a choice between random effect model and simple panel ordinary least square model. The study finds that sum of import and export demand elasticity is less than one for South Asian countries, M-L condition does not fulfill, and that is why no improvement in trade balance has been seen in response to exchange rate depreciation. Moreover, the results suggest that some relevant policies like, export promotion measures and industrialization of import substitution must be taken into consideration to improve the trade balance. The study also suggested some future research directions at the end
Enhancing the Innovation Capability in Dairy Farms through Knowledge Sharing
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate the framework for enhancing the innovation capability in dairy farms through knowledge sharing. It was hypothesized that trust, motivation, training and development are positively associated with knowledge sharing and that knowledge sharing between employees and managers impact positively on the innovation capability of the firms. The questionnaire based survey was used to collect the date from 254 randomly selected dairy farms that are located in the Punjab region of Pakistan. For data analysis SMART PLS-SEM 3.00 was used. The results of this paper confirmed all hypothesized relationships except the impact of trust on knowledge sharing which may be due to the unique contextual setting of Pakistan. This paper concludes that employees feel delighted in sharing knowledge for enhancing the innovation capability when they feel motivated and are provided with proper trainings
Linking Error Management Practices with Call Center Employees Helping Behaviors and Service Recovery Performance
Get PDFOrganizations wish to minimize the probability of service errors; however, complete elimination of service errors is not possible, especially in industries where human interactions are frequent. Particularly, the ways in which various sources of support may affect service recovery behaviors and related outcomes have yet to be fully articulated. Therefore, this study examined the direct and moderating effects of supervisor and coworker support for error management on the helping behavior and service recovery performance. Data were collected from 287 call center frontline employees in a large mobile network operator in Thailand. Results showed that both supervisor support and coworker support were significantly related to helping behaviors and service recovery performance. Similarly, the interaction between supervisor and coworker support for error management accounted for unique variance in each of the performance indices. The findings advance our understanding about the role of support in the service delivery and error management process, and provide prescriptive insights about means for driving continuous improvements to the service process. The implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed at the end