Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Mediating Role of Psychological Contract Breach between Workplace Bullying, Organizational Commitment & Employee Turnover Intentions
Get PDFA plethora of researches about the repercussions of workplace bullying has depicted the negative employee emotional reactions, particularly neglecting the rational understanding behind this phenomenon. The current research examines the effect of workplace bullying on organizational work related outcomes. Researchers integrated the social exchange theory, attribution theory and social learning theory so as to suggest and present a model where the inverse association between workplace bullying and organizational commitment is vindicated by psychological contract breach. Furthermore, the positive association between workplace bullying and employee turnover intentions is also explained by psychological contract breach. The research also highlights the employees’ beliefs that when an organization declines to meet its commitments towards its employees the organization has to bear repercussions.
In the current study, data was collected from 320 employees of field setting. Results clearly revealed that workplace bullying causes psychological contract breach and it serves as the mediator workplace bullying, employee turnover intentions and organizational commitment. Our results of mediation clearly reflect that effects of bullying deteriorate the organizational commitment as well.
Dynamic Capabilities and Performance: A Supply Chain Perspective
Get PDFEver changing market environment in terms of technology and competitive situation requires firms to continuously reconfigure their resource configurations. Based on the dynamic capabilities view of the firm, we propose the dynamic capabilities relevant in the context of supply chains. We conceptualize dynamic capabilities of a firm as consisting of multiple levels. Capabilities at the highest level affect the formation of first order dynamic supply chain capabilities. Furthermore, first order capabilities modify the operational capabilities. We propose constructs for second and first order dynamic supply chain capabilities. Performance implications of dynamic supply chain capabilities have also been empirically tested based on data from 275 managers from Pakistani manufacturing industry. The results show a support for the assertions by dynamic capability theorists
Psychological Factors and Entrepreneurial Orientation: Could Education and Supportive Environment Moderate this Relationship?
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to find out the role of individual‘s psychological factors in determining entrepreneurial orientation and to examine if the relationship could be moderated by non-psychological factors? Reflecting on competency theory as a specific theoretical foundation and resource based theory as an overarching theory, impact of four psychological factors i.e. self-confidence, internal locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, and propensity to take risk and two non-psychological factors i.e. role of education and role of supportive environment were studied in relationship to their impact on entrepreneurial orientation. Unit of analysis of this cross sectional study was individual entrepreneurs operating their food-related business (retail outlets) at micro level. The results of survey explain that psychological factors affect entrepreneurial orientation and non-psychological factors moderate this relationship. Findings of this study can be adopted by high risk ventures capitalists to assess entrepreneurial capabilities to improve return on investment as well as by managers in the new employees hiring process
Work to Family Enrichment as Mediator between Organizational Support and Employees Performance
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between work to family organizational support and employees’ performance, mediated by work to family enrichment. It analyses primary data, collected from the various commercial banks, operating in Sindh, Pakistan (N=401). A five point Likert type of survey questionnaire was distributed to respondents. The study applies the structural equation modeling approach (SEM) for data analysis purpose. Mediation analysis has been conducted following the procedure of Preacher and Hayes (2004, 2008) and Rucker, Preacher, Tormala, & Petty (2011).
Results show the significant main effect of work to family organizational support and the indirect effect, through work to family enrichment on employees’ performance. Overall, this study establishes work to family enrichment as the missing link in the relationship between work to family organizational support and employees’ performance. The study contributes theoretically by incorporating the role of social exchange theory and work family enrichment theory. Empirical contribution of this study is to confirm the effect of work to family organizational support on employees’ performance and work to family enrichment as the mediator
Corporate Governance and Audit Fees: Evidence from a Developing Country
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate the effect of board and audit committee quality on the audit fees in the context of developing country of Pakistan. We us five years data of KSE-100 index companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange. To draw the inference, we use the Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling. We find that effective board quality (measured through board size, board independence, CEO duality, chairperson independence, board equity holding, and board diligence) is positively associated with external auditor fees. This finding suggests that, high quality board demands higher quality audit to have further assurance on the quality of financial reporting. While, we find audit committee effectiveness (measured through audit committee size, audit committee independence, and audit committee diligence) reduces the external audit fee, which supports our notion that, the high quality audit committee will ensure reliable financial reporting which reduces external auditor’s efforts that result in lower audit fees
Employees Response to CSR: Role of Organizational Identification and Organizational Trust
Get PDFSince last decade, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an inspiring catchall in the eyes of researchers. Many studies have been conducted examining the influence of CSR on stakeholders including customers, suppliers and shareholders. However, only a dearth of research is found that attempted to understand its impact on most important stakeholders (i.e. employees). This study aims to understand the relationships among CSR, organizational trust, organizational identification and organizational commitment. The study conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 758 employees working in the banking sector on a random basis. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling and noted that employee when perceive CSR activities, exhibit trust, identification and commitment to their organization. In addition, organizational trust and organizational identification mediate the relationship between CSR and organizational commitment, while organizational trust mediates the relationship between CSR and organizational identification. The data were collected at one point of time, which restrict researchers to establish causal relationship. The study suggests bankers gain employees\u27 support by engaging in CSR related activities
Examining the Impact of Managerial Coaching on Employee Job Performance: Mediating Role of Work Engagement, Leader-Member-Exchange Quality, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions
Get PDFCoaching is turning into a vital area for human resource development experts. Human resource development professionals, researchers, training related experts and organizational psychologists have started to explore intensively the nature of managerial coaching and its outcomes. Managerial coaching has become a very popular human resource development and organizational development tool to improve various employees’ attitudes and behavior at workplace. The managerial coaching lacks empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness. This study aims to examine the direct influence of managerial coaching on employee job performance as well as indirect influence through mediating effect of work engagement, leader-member-exchange quality, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. The data were collected from a public sector organization of Pakistan. The self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 183 respondents. The Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis showed that managerial coaching directly influences employee job performance. The path analysis also revealed that managerial coaching indirectly effects job performance through work engagement, leader-member-exchange quality, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. This study adds value to limited literature on managerial coaching, leader-member-exchange quality, work engagement, and job performance. Additionally, leader-member-exchange quality and work engagement have not previously been examined as mediators. The implications for research, theory, and practice are also discussed
Impact of Different Political Regimes on Agriculture Sector Growth: A Cointegration Analysis
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to investigate the macroeconomic performance of agriculture sector in various regimes for the year 1950 to 2010 employing ARDL, and ECM. After examining macroeconomic performance of agriculture sector of Pakistan, under alternative political setup that is dictatorship and democracy, it is concluded that, the type of associations between alternative political setup and economic development and growth resists the finding established that both political setup promote the economic growth and development of agriculture sector of Pakistan. Under interesting conditions of Pakistan, the connection amongst economic development and growth and the democratic system is ambiguous and inexplicit. Pakistan’s economic growth and development has been better with tyrannical political administrations than democracy and the causative association amongst democratic system and economic aspects, as laid out by Huntington, can\u27t be shown on account of Pakistan. Keeping all these proofs and evidences in mind, it cannot be forecasted that the democracy or dictatorship is beneficial for Pakistan. It is generally perceived that long span of political regime and international shock can contribute better economic growth. It is concluded that politics does matter, however "regimes" don’t catch the suitable differences. Politics matter rather than the type of the government system
Impact of Agriculture Credit on Food Production and Food Security in Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to bring out the role of financial intermediation in food production and food security. Pakistan is among one of those countries which are food insecure. Agriculture credit can increase the food production which ensures the food security. The widely accepted definition of food security given by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) also emphasizes on the accessibility and availability of food for everyone and everywhere. Abundant production ensures the availability of food which further leads to low prices (economic access i.e. accessibility) because of excessive supply. This study is conducted to reveal the impact of credit on food production. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) is the major public bank providing agricultural credit to fulfill the financial requirements of agricultural activities. Bank disbursed the major chunk of credit in district Bahawalnagar of Pakistan, therefore this district is selected as a sample. Survey technique is used and data is collected through structured questionnaire from borrowers and non-borrowers. Collected data is analyzed by using Independent ttest. Findings reveal that production of the borrowers increased after utilizing the credit because of the use of quality farming inputs. The paper concludes that if financial constraints are removed then production increases which further can reduce food insecurity by ensuring availability of food for everyone. Paper is also helpful for policy makers to formulate and improve food security policy by strengthening the credit markets
Network Centrality and Individual Creativity: A Mediated Moderation of Knowledge Integration with Network Cost
Get PDFThis study examined peers’ perceived central network position with supervisors’ rated individual creativity. Employing three sources of data collection technique consist of 286 employees, subordinate-colleague dyads, and their respective 40 supervisors. We collected data from the employees working at controlling offices of a private commercial bank and analyzed proposed hypothesis with hierarchical analysis technique using random coefficient regression with Mplus 7.0. Employees of our sample were working in groups of 6-9 members per workgroup. Overall employees of these work groups represent higher hierarchical level employees of the bank. We examined that, network centrality is related with individual creativity directly and via mediation of knowledge integration; network cost moderated the relationship between network centrality and individual creativity and knowledge integration, however, knowledge integration mediated the relationship between the interaction of network centrality and network cost and individual creativity. Our results revealed that knowledge integration is a consequence of central network positions while network cost negatively affect creativity of centrally positioned employee. Centrally positioned employee can attenuate the negative effects of network cost by integrating knowledge available to him/her due to privileged central network position. We contributed to literature by introducing knowledge integration as a novel predictor of network centrality, network position can have both benefits and costs attached at the same time, and network position holders can enjoy knowledge benefits only when he/she has less network cost