Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Human Capital and Economic Growth Nexus: Does Corruption Matter?
Get PDFThis paper investigates the human capital and economic growth nexus in the presence of corruption for a disaggregated sample of developed and developing economies, and East, West, and South Asia. For the purpose, Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are employed. The findings provide inferences that human capital positively affects economic growth even though for some groups of economies, corruption boost up economic growth while for some others, it retards the economic growth. The results also suggest that an augmented Solow production function is best fitted to the data. The population growth rate negatively affects economic growth for all economies, but democracy has mixed effects for the groups of the economies
Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in South Asian Countries
Get PDFFiscal decentralization in south Asian region is taken up as tool to settle economic inefficiencies. The reliance of present study is to locate for the fact that either it is true in case of such economies. To do so, non-stationary panel data analyses was used for the period from 1990 to 2016. Empirical findings backed at panel pooled mean group of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag came along with the findings that expenditure and revenue decentralization had significant positive and negative effects on economic growth. Similarly, gross fixed capital formation and foreign direct investment were found to have significant positive effect on the economic growth of selected South Asian economies. For short run, the diagnostics showed positive follow-ups of economic growth in response to education decentralization, however, revenue decentralization was traced for negative spell-outs on economic growth. Policy implications are underlined for increasing revenue decentralization for meeting the goal of economic growth
Corporate Social Responsibility and Investors Intention to Invest: Analyzing the Role of Corporate Identity and Corporate Image
Get PDFThis study explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and investor intention\u27s to invest under the indirect mediating mechanism of corporate identity and corporate image. The data were collected in time lags under case study method by using adopted / adapted questionnaires, duly filled by graduate university students across major cities of Pakistan, The CSR activities of Samsung Company was considered by the respective students. The data analysis was performed through AMOS, and results of structure equation modeling revealed positive direct relationship between corporate social responsibility and investor\u27s intention to invest. The indirect mediating mechanism of corporate identity and corporate image under the said relationship was also established. The study reveals theoretical and practical implications in terms of mediating roles and CSR worth in developing country, respectively. The in-depth understanding of studied variables under certain relationships is deliberated for target sector in particular and other sectors in general
Linking Environmental Strategy to Firm Performance: A Sequential Mediation Model via Environmental Management Accounting and Top Management Commitment
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the linkage of environmental strategy and firm performance with sequential mediation role of environmental management accounting and top management commitment. Based on survey data, total 308 questionnaires were utilized to test the study’s hypotheses by applying structural equation modeling and sequential mediation through SPSS and AMOS. To test sequential mediation, Hayes’ Model 6 as described in PROCESS with bootstrap methods was used. The results of the study indicated that there is a positive and direct relationship within study model, the sequential mediating effect of environmental strategy on firm performance through environmental management accounting and top management commitment is positive and significant. The research seeks to draw the focus of environmental strategy to enhance the firm performance in Pakistan and to increase the adoption of environmental management accounting. This study encourages managers to subsidize in the direction of sustainability which will make top managers to be more committed.to EMA practices. Environmental management accounting can support businesses to look at their ecological and social burdens as well as it may lead to the credentials of joint ecological and monetary benefits from business activities
Empirical Investigation of Foreign Direct Investment and Current Account Balance in East Asian Economies
Get PDFAmong the Asian regions the East Asia is the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). The FDI by affecting the host country’s exports and imports may also influence the current account balance (CAB) of that country. The East Asian economies are facing the persistent current account deficit. The current study investigates the impact of FDI inflows on CAB and on its components (exports and imports) for a panel of selected East Asian economies. The study employs System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys GMM) estimation technique on a panel of five countries for the years 2000-2016. FDI is found to have negative effect on current account deficit and positive effect on exports and imports of the selected economies. It is concluded that by improving the host country’s exports, FDI inflows can improve CAB in case of East Asian selected economies
How do Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality Affect Economic Development?
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between trade liberalization, gender inequality and economic development in 18 selected developing countries over the time period from 1993 to 2017. Panel ARDL approach has been employed to examine the relationship among variables. The results of the study suggest that trade openness and gender inequality in education and employment, and female to male ratio have negative impact on GDP per capita in developing countries. Based on these results and keeping in view the importance of trade openness and gender equality for economic development, this study is useful to suggest that export led trade policy and provision of equal opportunities to both male and female in education and employment should be adopted in order to achieve higher levels of economic development and for bringing gender equality in all economic activities.
Developing Knowledge Creation Capability: The role of Big-Five Personality Traits and Transformational Leadership
Get PDFCurrent research aims to develop and test a conceptual framework that poses attention to individuals‟ personality as a potential predictor of their knowledge creation capability, considering the mediating effect of transformational leadership. According to an estimate, poor knowledge management costs Fortune 500 companies‟ huge annual losses through taking a toll on their efficiency and productivity. Thus knowledge management is crucial for organizations, and various ways to improve knowledge creation and management need to be studied. In this regard, current research uses Nonaka‟s knowledge creation theory to study the knowledge creation capability in organizations as a consequence of managers‟ personality and leadership style. Cross-sectional data was collected from middle level managers working in thirteen different organizational sectors from Pakistan. Covariance based structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. All scales were found reliable; however, measurement models were re-specified to improve the construct validity. Through SEM, this research revealed that openness, agreeableness and extraversion have direct influence on knowledge creation capability. Furthermore, transformational leadership mediates the relationship between all the Big-Five personality traits and knowledge creation capability. Therefore, to develop knowledge creation capability of managers, organizations should rethink their organizational procedures to put in place such recruitment, selection, and training & development practices that are oriented towards managers‟ personalities and their leadership styles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies Big-Five personality traits as antecedents of knowledge creation capability, incorporates transformational leadership in the model, and tests these relationships empirically. It also provides valuable insights in the domain of knowledge management among middle level managers of various Pakistani firms
Abusive Supervision and Workplace Deviance: The Moderating Role of Power Distance
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to examine the association of abusive supervision with workplace deviance, for instance supervisory directed deviance, non-supervisory directed deviance, and emotional exhaustion. Further, in this paper we examine how power distance moderates these relationships. Cross-sectional data was collected through self administrated questionnaire from banking sectors in Lahore, Pakistan. To test the hypothesis, structural equation-modeling (SEM) technique is used; moreover, for moderation test hierarchical regression is applied. The finding suggests that abusive supervision is positively associated with supervisory directed deviance, non-supervisory directed deviance, and emotional exhaustion. In moderation test, the individual power distance influences the relationships between abusive supervision and supervisory directed deviance as well as emotional exhaustion. However, it has not affected the relationship among abusive supervision and non-supervisory directed deviance. The results indicate that mostly mistreated employees involved in negative reactions and these reactions are not only contained deviating behavior, it also influences them emotionally. By addressing abusive supervision issues, this research has key implication for abusive supervision practically. In practical terms, „Policy makers‟ can also take benefit from this research by considering how abusive supervision can influence the employees‟ wellbeing in organizations while making organizational polices
Workaholism as Predictor of Work-Family Conflict and Mental Well-Being of Public and Private Sector Employees
No full textWorkaholism is employee’s unnecessary deep immersion into his/her work to the extent that it affects his/her health. Present day work environment and competition foster such traits that propel an employee to opt for such work style. Current study is about the predictive relationship of workaholism with work-family conflict and mental well-being of employees. Participants for present study are from different public and private sector organizations. The study meets its objectives in two phases; phase I is tryout and phase II is main study. WorkBat, Work and Family Conflict Scale, and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale along demographic sheet and consent form are used for data collection. Besides determining psychometric properties of scales, t-test, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis are run. Findings of the study reveal significant positive relationship between workaholim and work-family conflict and significant negative correlation between workaholism and mental well-being. Significant differences emerge in study variables with reference to public and private sector, gender, and marital status. Moreover workaholism significantly predicts work family-conflict and mental well-being. Study highlights the significant predictive relationship of workaholic trait that contributes towards raised work-family conflict and poor mental well-being. Limitations of the study are highlighted and future implications are also discussed
Deviant Behaviors and Procedural Justice: Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between procedural justice and deviant workplace behavior with the mediation of perceived organizational support. After applying purposive sampling technique, a sample of 150 respondents has been drawn from the target population. Data on the three variables with the help of a single adopted questionnaire have been collected. Data has been analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Results revealed that: 1) procedural justice and deviant workplace behavior has negative and significant relationship; 2) procedural justice has significant and positive relationships with perceived organizational support; 3) deviant workplace behavior has a significant and negative relationship with perceived organizational support; and 4) the perceived organizational support acts as a partial mediator between procedural justice and workplace deviance. The results have implications for managers in the sense that if they have policies based on justice and are successful in the dispensation of procedural justice, perpetration of negative behaviors of workforce could be minimized, if not eliminated. Besides, this will boost the morale of employees and they will contribute positively to achieve the organizational goals. The study has included perceived organizational support as a mediator for the first time