Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Determinants of Corruption and Its Impact on Firm Performance: Global Evidence
Get PDFThis paper examines two important aspects of the firms, firstly, it identifies the factors responsible for firm-level corruption, and secondly it investigates the impact of corruption on firm performance in 147 economies using the data set of World Bank’s Enterprise Survey. Two indicators, that is, firm’s annual real sale growth and export performance are used to gauge the firm performance. Logistic regression is employed to estimate the determinants of corruption and Ordinary Least Square is employed to estimate the impact of firm’s corruption on its performance. It is found that corruption augments firm’s sale and export performances in the aggregate analysis of 147 economies. In the disaggregated analysis, it is found that corruption increases the firm’s sale and exports in low income economies while it reduces the firm’s performance in high and middle income nations
How Do Trade Openness and Public Expenditures Affect Health Status in OIC Member Countries? An Empirical Analysis
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of trade openness and public expenditures on health status in OIC member countries. Panel data of 47 OIC member countries from 1991 to 2017 is taken from the World Development Indicators (WDI). The econometric results are estimated using GMM technique to avoid the endogeneity issue in panel data analysis. The results reveal that trade openness, public health expenditures, public education expenditures and economic growth are positively and significantly correlated with life expectancy in overall OIC countries and high income OIC countries. GDP is negatively and significantly correlated with life expectancy in low income OIC countries. Trade openness, public health expenditures, public education expenditures and GDP are negatively and significantly correlated with infant mortality rate in overall OIC countries and high income OIC countries. GDP has positively and significantly correlated with infant mortality rate in low income OIC countries
Does Corporate Governance Reduce Overinvestment? The Mediating Role of Information Asymmetry
Get PDFThis study investigates the direct and indirect relationship between corporate governance and agency cost using bootstrap analysis. For a sample of 155 firms during 2009-2015, this study finds statistically significant both direct effect of corporate governance on agency cost of overinvestment, and an indirect effect mediated by information asymmetry, with favoring the indirect effect as more important in reducing agency cost. The direct effect shows that despite increasing corporate governance mechanism, the agency cost of overinvestment is rising. However, the indirect effect suggests that the corporate governance mechanism promotes transparency by exerting pressure on management to produce information that investors and other stakeholders can use. This creates a monitoring channel that reduces information asymmetry, thus reducing the ability of management and majority shareholders to expropriate the firm’s resources that mitigates overinvestment of free cash flow. The results provide implications for regulators that the effectiveness of corporate governance practices should be watched carefully to reduce managerial opportunism and controlling shareholders’ expropriation in firms. Moreover, the regulatory authorities should collaborate with firms’ management to frame disclosure policies that investors can use as a monitoring device to make firms unable to overinvest free cash flow
Linking Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Affective Organizational Commitment: Role of CSR Strategic Importance and Organizational Identification
Get PDFExecutives around the world continue to explicitly test the business value of corporate social responsibility and organizational commitment that ultimately transform businesses to superior performance and sustainable success. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on affective organizational commitment (AOC) under moderating condition of CSR strategic importance and mediating effect of organizational identification (OI). Survey-based primary data was collected from 229 participants from the telecom sector. We used sequential methodological approach for developing a conceptual framework (through qualitative research) and then structural equation modeling (SEM) (as a quantitative technique) for hypotheses testing and assessment of our proposed model. Our SEM findings reveal that CSR has a significantly positive effect on AOC. Findings conclude that organizational identification significantly mediate the CSR-AOC relationship; while CSR strategic importance significantly and positively moderate the CSR effect on AOC. Our study findings offer novel contribution to theory and practice by introducing a holistic model of affective organizational commitment involving CSR and organizational identification. We developed a better understanding for business leaders about the dynamics of CSR (practices and strategic importance) in shaping member’s affective commitment in organizations
Impacts of Accessibility on Vertical Commercial Land Use Pattern in the Central Business District of Peshawar, Pakistan
Get PDFNow a days, commercial growth and development in cities are more vertical than horizontal. This vertical growth and development are controlled by the type of occupancy or land use. Higher the order of commercial activity in bid-rent system is supporting more vertical development. Consequently, the central business (CB) uses and particularly the retailing supports and control the vertical growth. Retailing and all sort of CB uses are directly associated with the mode & nature of accessibility. This study focuses on impacts of accessibility on the vertical commercial land use pattern in central business district (CBD) of Peshawar, Pakistan and thoroughly studies this association in detail. The subtypes of accessibility and retailing/commercial activity are grouped into singular expression by measures of central tendencies and then correlated with the number of visitors and level of vertical occupancy. The results show a common pattern in vertical land uses which is in liaison with the accessibility. This study not only explores the relationship of accessibility with vertical land use pattern but also provides basic information for investment and economic endeavor
Influence of Transformational Leadership Factors on Project Success
Get PDFResearchers and practitioners are trying hard to analyze the leadership into a widespreadand general set of processes, methods, and measures. Attempts are being made by variousresearchers to discover the best leadership practices having larger success stories. Thepurpose of this inquiry is to investigate the impact of transformational leadership factors on project success. In this empirical investigation, transformational leadership has been discussed by combining two different leadership models in this study. The data were obtained from 125 project managers selected through systematic random technique working on different higher education commission projects in Pakistan and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results unveiled six dimensions of transformational leaders from two different leadership models that have better responsiveness towards project success i.e. model the way, inspired a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, encourage the heart and individual consideration. This study adds the body of knowledge in leadership and project management by presenting current times transformational leadership dimensions particularly for ensuring project success. Further, the current study elaborates various dimensions of transformational leadership that are helpful of project managers to boost project success. This is a unique inquest to compare the dimensions of two different transformational leadership models in relation to project success and present a comprehensive package based on dimensions that are relatively more effective to ensure project success
Estimating Willingness to Pay For Parks in Peshawar
No full textThis study estimates visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the economic, health and social benefits that they get by visiting the public parks. Primary data through a structured questionnaire was collected from 400 respondents using Bagh-i-Naran Park, situated in Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Regression results estimated using Logit model show that the cost of visiting public parks, family size, interaction with nature, gender, health issues, and concern for protection & conservation of nature were the key factors that affected WTP for visiting public parks. Contrary to the general observation, income, education and age of the respondents were found statistically insignificant. The study concludes that visitors are willing to pay more as they become more aware about the social, health, economic and environmental benefits of public parks
Young Chinese Consumer Decision Making in Buying Green Products: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior with Gender and Price Transparency
Get PDFAs environmental awareness increases, consumers tend to focus more on environmental friendly products. The literature on green consumption has recently focused on the Asian markets, in particular, the populous country of the world ’china’. Despite many efforts by the marketers to promote the environmental awareness among Chinese consumers and their buying behavior towards the green products are not yet completely understood. This paper examines the green purchase behavior of Chinese consumers using theory of planned behavior. In this attempt, a conceptual model is developed to study the effects of the standard ‘theory of planned behavior’ predictors; attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on green buying behavior. In addition, the role of gender and price transparency in the relationship between green purchase intention and behavior are also examined. Surveys were collected from 370 young full-time students; structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used to analyze the data. The result showed a significant correlation among between the attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), green purchase intention (GPI), and green purchase behavior (GPB). This empirical study contributed to the current state of knowledge by showing that gender also plays a role in the purchase intention, and price transparency also has a moderate influence. The study concluded with a discussion of the results and provided theoretical, administrative, and research implications for giving awareness of the green products in China
Enhancing Absorptive Capacity through Communication: Mediating Role of Trust and Knowledge Sharing: A Case of Virtual Universities
Get PDFThis study aims to highlight the importance of communication and absorptive capacity in virtual universities of Pakistan. In this relationship, this study also investigates the mediating role of trust and knowledge sharing. This study applies social exchange theory to understand the relationship among variables. Some of the relationship between variables was also supported through theory of knowledge creation. For this study, data was collected from 267 employees of two virtual universities in Pakistan. After running the reliability & validity tests, this study used PROCESS Macros by Hayes for mediation analysis. The results suggest that communication has a positive and significant impact on absorptive capacity. Results further prove that trust and knowledge sharing sequentially mediate the relationship between communication and absorptive capacity. The findings of the study reveal that greater opportunities of communication, trust and knowledge sharing among virtual employees leads to build their absorptive capacity. This study is useful for virtual organizations, as it provides a mechanism of communication to improve the absorptive capacity of cross-functional virtual employees under behavioral stress i.e. trust and knowledge sharing. This study suggests that future research may focus on specific team level analysis for innovative behavior etc
Geo-spatial Analysis: Identification of the Central Business District of Peshawar, Pakistan
Get PDFLikewise, other historic cities of Pakistan, Peshawar has two major commercial areas i.e. old city region and Saddar Bazaar. In commercial areas, the Central Business District (CBD) has prime importance, which is the retail heart of a city. Normally, dual cores of the city are present in each city. The cantonment area has suitable grid layout, wide streets & roads and land use planning which make it more dynamic for modern transportation and infrastructure modifications particularly for commercial commuters. The present study is an attempt to identify the CBD of Peshawar using basic characteristics of a CBD. These characteristics are land & rent values, retail volume of sales, vehicular & pedestrian flow, area etc. Using geo-spatial analysis techniques, these characteristics are measured and compared to identify the CBD of Peshawar. The aggregate value of all indicators shows that Saddar Bazaar has 68.25 % value with cumulative probability (% age) of 87.17 %. Saddar Bazaar in cantonment area has no match in these characteristics with old city region and identified as CBD of Peshawar