Universidad de Magallanes
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Evolving to invade: Using geometric morphometrics to assess wing shape variation in the Antarctic non-native fly Trichocera maculipennis
No full textGlobalization has increased human movement, transforming ecosystems and introducing non-native species that threaten biodiversity, particularly in Antarctica. Due to its harsh climatic conditions, Antarctica has largely remained protected from biological invasions. However, rising human activity and environmental changes are facilitating the introduction of non-native species. The risks posed by species like Trichocera maculipennis are significant, as they can adapt and survive in new environments. This highlights the importance of understanding the adaptive factors that contribute to their success in order to prevent future invasions and protect the continent's unique ecosystem. The aim of this study was to quantify the wing morphological variation of T. maculipennis individuals associated with different Antarctic bases, analyzing this variation within a spatial and temporal context using morphometric tools. Samples were collected during Antarctic summer campaigns (2017/ 18 to 2019/20 and 2022/23) at the following research stations on King George Island: Artigas (Uruguay), Bellingshausen (Russia), Profesor Julio Escudero (Chile), and King Sejong (Korea). Morphometric analyses revealed changes in wing shape among study sites, with King Sejong individuals showing the most significant differences. Additionally, a temporal shift in wing size was observed, with specimens from 2017/18 and 2018/19 having larger average wings compared to those from 2019/20 and 2021/22. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the factors contributing to the success of non-native species to prevent future invasions and protect the unique ecosystem of Antarctica
Bedmap3 updated ice bed, surface and thickness gridded datasets for Antarctica
No full textWe present Bedmap3, the latest suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 degrees S. Bedmap3 incorporates and adds to all post-1950s datasets previously used for Bedmap2, including 84 new aero-geophysical surveys by 15 data providers, an additional 52 million data points and 1.9 million line-kilometres of measurement. These efforts have filled notable gaps including in major mountain ranges and the deep interior of East Antarctica, along West Antarctic coastlines and on the Antarctic Peninsula. Our new Bedmap3/RINGS grounding line similarly consolidates multiple recent mappings into a single, spatially coherent feature. Combined with updated maps of surface topography, ice shelf thickness, rock outcrops and bathymetry, Bedmap3 reveals in much greater detail the subglacial landscape and distribution of Antarctica's ice, providing new opportunities to interpret continental-scale landscape evolution and to model the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets
El derecho a la maternidad: Violencia ginecológica y obstétrica hacia mujeres con discapacidad en Chile
No full textEnvironmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 (vol 24, pg 357, 2025)
No full textThis work is not a product of the U.S. Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the author is not doing this work in any governmental capacity. This research was not performed or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. The views expressed in this journal article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or the policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The original article has been corrected
Terapia Ocupacional Social Emancipatória: Contribuições para um marco teórico-metodológico fundamentado no materialismo histórico e dialético
No full textA Critical Approach to Voice Acting for the Creative and Interpretive Processes of Non-Binary Characters
No full textLas producciones audiovisuales son prácticas de construcción y disputa del sentido común, de representaciones culturales y de imaginarios posibles. La actuación vocal, en tanto componente de éstas, no es una práctica neutra, sino que tiene implicancias sociopolíticas y culturales, e impacta en diversas dimensiones sociales, como la noción colectiva del género. Sin embargo, la mayoría de la literatura sobre actuación vocal se ha enfocado casi exclusivamente en sus aspectos técnicos. Ante esto, el propósito de este trabajo es reflexionar críticamente sobre las implicancias de los procesos de construcción e interpretación vocal de personajes de género no binario en producciones audiovisuales. Para esto, en este trabajo se revisan diversos estudios sobre representaciones sociales del no binarismo en producciones audiovisuales animadas, así como investigaciones acerca de la voz de personas de género no binario. Finalmente se propone una aproximación crítica a la actuación vocal que oriente el desarrollo de un trabajo creativo e interpretativo sensible. Ésta incluye la comprensión de las implicancias sociales de la voz como componente de lo audiovisual, su impacto en la distribución de poder, la superación de los estereotipos como base de trabajo, el repensar los sistemas de categorización y selección del reparto, la representatividad crítica y la relevancia de la formación y el contacto positivo
Dog-Stranger Interactions Can Facilitate Canine Incursion into Wilderness: The Role of Food Provisioning and Sociability
No full textMost research on domestic dog (Canis familiaris) behavior has focused on pets with restricted movement. However, free-ranging dogs exist in diverse cultural contexts globally, and their interactions with humans are less understood. Tourists can facilitate unrestricted dog movement into wilderness areas, where they may negatively impact wildlife. This study investigated which stimuli-namely, voice, touch, or food-along with inherent factors (age, sex, sociability) motivate free-ranging dogs to follow a human stranger. We measured the distance (up to 600 m) of 129 free-ranging owned and stray dogs from three villages in southern Chile as they followed an experimenter who presented them one of the above stimuli or none (control). To evaluate the effect of dog sociability (i.e., positive versus stress-related or passive behaviors), we performed a 30 s socialization test (standing near the dog without interacting) before presenting a 10 s stimulus twice. We also tracked whether the dog was in the company of other dogs. Each focus dog was video-recorded and tested up to three times over five days. Generalized linear mixed-effects models revealed that the food stimulus significantly influenced dogs' motivation to follow a stranger, as well as a high proportion of sociable behaviors directed towards humans and the company of other dogs present during the experiment. Juveniles tended to follow a stranger more than adults or seniors, but no effects were found for the dog's sex, whether an owner was present, the repetition of trials, the location where the study was performed, or for individuals as a random variable. This research highlights that sociability as an inherent factor shapes dog-stranger interactions in free-ranging dogs when food is given. In the context of wildlife conservation, we recommend that managers promote awareness among local communities and tourists to avoid feeding dogs, especially in the context of outdoor activities close to wilderness
The role of wetland birds in biocultural conservation: analysing global discourses and practices on species and ecosystems
No full textBiocultural approaches for conservation weave knowledge systems of both Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LCs) with scientific insights to address environmental justice and promote local and global sustainability. Enduring people-nature relationships, particularly through wetland birds, hold both ecological and cultural significance that can guide wetland conservation efforts. We conducted a systematic review of biocultural research literature published between 2000 and 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. This review identified 414 publications that addressed taxa, ecosystems, and biocultural discourses. The publications spanned 96 countries, with Mexico, the United States, and India having the highest numbers of studies. This is consistent with the ethnobotanical research tradition from the dominant anthropological discourse. Post-2010, an ethico-political dimension emerged from intergovernmental agreements and advocacy by IP&LCs, particularly from Latin America and Australasia. As essential socio-ecosystems and culturally significant taxa, wetlands and birds possess profound ecological and cultural values. The tangible and intangible meanings of wetland birds for IP&LCs highlight the importance of integrating biocultural approaches into conservation policies, strategies, and management to encompass diverse discourses, species, and ecosystems. Diversifying biocultural conservation discourses can address research and practice gaps, helping scholars and policymakers adapt to regional contexts, develop effective conservation strategies that support community welfare, and uphold IP&LC rights. By embracing diverse worldviews, conservation science and practice can become pluralizing and just, and assist thus the world in transformative change
Migration in Rufous-Collared Sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) from the Southernmost Tip of America
No full textLittle is known about the routes, timing and potential drivers of migration among austral migrants of South America. To contribute to a better understanding, we studied the migration of the southern subspecies of Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis australis) from the southernmost tip of South America. Based on 11 tracks, we found that departure from the breeding grounds in fall (post-breeding migration) occurred within a wide temporal window, beginning on March 22 and finishing on May 17. Wintering grounds were identified between 51.2 degrees S and 31.9 degrees S, within the Patagonian steppe ecoregion. Migration distance ranged from 450 to 2500 km, with the longest distance registered for two females who were the first to depart for the outbound route and the latest to arrive at the breeding grounds upon their return, offering an indication of a differential migration pattern
A Review on Greensand Reservoirs' Petrophysical Controls
No full textThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of the petrophysical controls influencing greensand reservoirs, with an emphasis on the role of glauconite and associated clay minerals in determining porosity, permeability, and water saturation. Greensands contain iron-rich clay minerals that exert paramagnetic and conductive effects, challenging conventional well-log interpretations and often leading to biased estimates of reservoir parameters. Several challenges for petrophysical property measurements are faced in the laboratory due to clay-induced pore-throat obstruction and microporosity, which underscores the importance of tailored interpretation workflows and data integration. In this paper we highlight the necessity of integrated approaches such as combining core analysis, spectral gamma-ray, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging with conventional well logs to calibrate petrophysical models using shale-sand water saturation models, such as Waxman-Smits and Simandoux, to better characterise economical pay zones. Finally, future research directions are indicated, which include refining the calibration of saturation and permeability models, advancing rock-typing methodologies, and understanding mineralogical influences on reservoir quality to optimise hydrocarbon recovery from greensand reservoirs