Universidad de Magallanes
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Inhibition of Wnt signaling induces amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and the production and aggregation of Amyloid-β (Aβ)42 peptides
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequent cause of dementia in the aged population. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. A beta is generated from the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and can aggregate to form oligomers, which have been described as a major synaptotoxic agent in neurons. Dysfunction of Wnt signaling has been linked to increased A beta formation; however, several other studies have argued against this possibility. Herein, we use multiple experimental approaches to confirm that the inhibition of Wnt signaling promoted the amyloidogenic proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein. We also demonstrate that inhibiting Wnt signaling increases the production of the A beta(42) peptide, the A beta(42)/A beta(40) ratio, and the levels of A beta oligomers such as trimers and tetramers. Moreover, we show that activating Wnt signaling reduces the levels of A beta(42) and its aggregates, increases A beta(40) levels, and reduces the A beta(42)/A beta(40) ratio. Finally, we show that the protective effects observed in response to activation of the Wnt pathway rely on beta-catenin-dependent transcription, which is demonstrated experimentally via the expression of various 'mutant forms of beta-catenin'. Together, our findings indicate that loss of the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD
Quality of child care using the environment rating scales: A meta-analysis of international studies
No full textThe current study provides a systematic examination of child care quality around the globe, using the Environment Rating Scales (ERS). Additional goals of this study are to examine associations between ERS process quality and structural features (group size, caregiver-child ratio) that underpin quality and between ERS and more proximal aspects of child care quality (caregiver sensitivity). Furthermore, we consider possible differences in ERS associations arising from scale characteristics (infant vs early childhood version, original version vs revised scale, full version vs shortened version). The reported meta-analysis combines results of ERS child care quality reported in 72 studies from 23 countries across five international geographic regions.Group center care appeared to be of average quality with higher quality levels in Australia/New Zealand and North America. Our results suggest that: (1) ERS characteristics are not associated with differences in ERS scores and (2) ERS scores are related to indicators of proximal quality of care (caregiver sensitivity) and, to a lesser degree, structural quality of care (caregiver-child ratio). The meta-analysis provided cross-cultural comparisons on child care quality on a common instrument as a means to advance discussion on child care quality internationally
Combination of humans, climate, and vegetation change triggered Late Quaternary megafauna extinction in the ultima Esperanza region, southern Patagonia, Chile
No full textSouth America lost around 52 genera of mammals during a worldwide event known as the Late Quaternary Extinction episode. More than 80% of South American mammals weighing > 44 kg succumbed. Analysis of the megafaunal extinction chronology in relation to human arrival and major climate changes have revealed slightly different extinction patterns in different eco-regions of the continent, highlighting the importance of detailed regional analysis in order to understand how the possible drivers of extinction operated. Here we present an analysis of the megafaunal extinction in the ultima Esperanza (UE) area of southwestern Patagonia, Chile. We have compiled a comprehensive chronology of megafaunal extinctions and earliest human occupation between 18-7 cal ka BP, based on radiocarbon dates from published literature. We calculated confidence intervals using the GRIWM method to estimate the times of human arrival and megafaunal local extinctions, and then compared these events to the timing of major climate and vegetation changes, fire frequency increase, and the Reclus volcanic eruption. Our results suggest that a combination of human impacts and climate-vegetation change drove megafaunal extinctions in the UE area, with the balance of factors being taxon specific; the volcanic eruption does not seem to have exacerbated extinctions. Competition between humans and mega-carnivores seems to be the most plausible cause for the extinction of the mega-carnivores. Coexistence of humans with extinct horses, extinct camels, and mylodonts for several thousand years rules out a scenario of blitzkrieg overkill of megafauna by humans. The transition of vegetation from cold grasslands to Nothofagus forests corresponds with the disappearance of Hippidion saldiasi and Lama cf. owenii. The later full establishment of Nothofagus forests and an increasing fire frequency coincided with the disappearance of mylodonts. A climate-driven reduction of open environments plausibly reduced herbivore's populations making them susceptible to local extinction
Terapia ocupacional y andragogía. Un llamado a la inclusión desde el fin del mundo
No full textSe presenta un estudio cuantitativo destinado a determinar el interés por estudiar de adultos mayores institucionalizados de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, junto con la identificación de factores favorecedores y obstaculizadores. Se incluyó a 18 adultos mayores institucionalizados residentes del Establecimiento de Larga Estadía del Adulto Mayor de Punta Arenas. Se obtiene que el 80% de los adultos mayores encuestados reportan un alto interés por estudiar, con particular énfasis en las mujeres. Se encontró una correlación positiva: a mejor constitución de red social de apoyo (familia e institución de residencia), mayor interés por estudiar. La mayor parte quisiera terminar sus estudios inconclusos, y manifiestan interés en estudiar historia, idiomas e incluso, estudios universitarios. Los resultados de esta investigación invitan a reflexionar sobre la imagen negativa que tiene la sociedad acerca de esta etapa de la vida, sobre la necesidad de cambio para poder ofrecer los espacios necesarios para seguir desarrollándose, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde la andragogía es esencial para garantizar la participación, inclusión y contribución de los adultos mayores en la sociedad. Aquí la Terapia Ocupacional tiene una responsabilidad social trascendental
Educación inclusiva y discapacidad: Su incorporación en la formación profesional de la educación superior
No full textThe present study describes the actors key perception on the educational process; it brings over the impact of a linked intervention related to inclusive education and disability, led by the Occupational Therapy career from the University of Magallanes, Chile, between 2008 and 2012. It used mixed methodology and considered members of 15 educational institutions. The information was gathered by interviews, focal groups and surveys. The results demonstrate the Occupational Therapist significant role in the educational field by contributing to the incorporation of disabled children, which reveals the need to incorporate these issues on the Higher Education training
Meaning analysis of occupations attributed to be a woman and mother for women with intellectual disability in the city of Punta Arenas
No full textLa presente investigación se centra en temas relacionados con los derechos humanos, discapacidad, maternidad, género y significados, específicamente en relación con la maternidad en mujeres con discapacidad intelectual. Asimismo, la investigación se funda en la falta de evidencia acerca de los temas señalados, tanto a nivel regional como nacional.
El estudio tiene como objeto dar a conocer los significados que las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual le brindan a las experiencias de ser mujer y madre, junto con los factores que facilitan y obstaculizan este proceso. Para abordar la investigación se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, a partir del paradigma interpretativo con un enfoque metodológico descriptivo-exploratorio. El diseño utilizado corresponde al interaccionismo simbólico, sobre la base del estudio de caso, en el cual la muestra está compuesta por tres mujeres con discapacidad intelectual. El análisis de los resultados de la investigación se basó en la teoría fundamentada.
La principal conclusión obtenida en el presente estudio establece que el grupo de mujeres estudiadas, producto de su condición, asociada a un coeficiente intelectual inferior al normal, pueden ser consideradas como vulnerables tanto a una transgresión de género como a la violación de sus derechos humanos más básicos. La conclusión se basa en el hecho de que estas mujeres no ejercen ocupaciones significativas, lo que las expone a la condición de víctimas de una situación de apartheid ocupacional e injusticia ocupacional
Reflexiones sobre competencias y formación universitaria
No full textEn este artículo las autoras reflexionan sobre los principales cambios societales que han provocado como respuesta la aplicación del enfoque de educación basada en competencias a nivel universitario. Luego de un breve análisis del concepto, desglosan los principales tipos de competencias y los enfoques aplicados en la educación superior