Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM
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Znaczenie Republiki Azerbejdżanu w kontekście bezpieczeństwa energetycznego
Get PDFThe article is about contemporary role of Azerbaijan on the European and Asian countries’ energetic market. The author describes projects and trends connected with economic expansion among Azerbaijani companies. One of them, project of the Southern Energetic Corridor, is the most important for the European Union, because of its energy priorities. The biggest opponent of Azerbaijan is Russian Federation, which is trying to force solutions beneficial only for themselves. Azerbaijani sources of energy are hugely important for the nearest neighbors: Turkey and Georgia. In a few years Azerbaijan could become an energy tycoon and would dictate their own solutions like Russia does today
W obronie marketingu politycznego
Get PDFThe immediate cause of the article was the discussion launched by the editors of “Refleksje”. Its theme was the subject of knowledge in political science. The main reason for taking this issue was a book by Ryszard Skarzyński – The Basic Dilemma of Political Science: The Discipline of Science and Conventional Knowledge about Society. The Tradition of the University and the Demarcation of Knowledge. The main objective of the article is the reconstruction of views on political marketing and the politics. The article contains a review of the various theoretical positions on this subject. It is clear that political marketing is not just a “governance engineering” or “manipulation of people” but first and foremost a comprehensive set of the prospects for political parties, which only justifies the need to analyze this complex process
Wpływ judaizmu na prawodawstwo Izraela
Get PDFDespite the fact that Israel strives to be perceived as a modern state, it is characterized by very high impact of ultra-orthodox groups on its legal system. The lack of separation between the religion and the state causes many tensions and pathologies within the state’s system. Wide range of rights, which have been given to the ultra-orthodoxies since the establishment of Israel, led to the co-existence of two legal systems – religious and secular one, and to the privileged position of Haredi in society. It is manifested in such spheres like: citizenship, marriage, divorce, adoption, military service or the restrictions of business activity during the Sabbath. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of Judaism on the legal system of Israel and also the implications of the last parliamentary elections
Rewolucja irańska (1978 – 1979) – przebieg, percepcja, znaczenie
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to characterize the so-called Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1978 – 1979. First part of this paper concerns in ascertaining the chronology of the Revolution (its genesis, decline, watershed moments), the second part in distinguishing three ways of its recognition (the secular, Cold War and religious-cultural narration) in order to emphasize the differences of opinion between various groups or individuals, who took part in the Revolution. Iranian Islamic Revolution was in many ways extraordinary: unlike most revolutions in the twentieth century, which turn progressive, the Iranian one was conservative and resulted in creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran – new particular state with political system based on Shia Islam. However, Iranian Revolution did repeat the fate of its predecessors (violence, dictatorship, social discontent). After over 30 years since the beginning of the Revolution there is an ongoing discussion about its achievements and reasonableness
Ewolucja recepcji twórczości Josepha Conrada w Polsce
Get PDFIn the essay author describes the way J. Conrad’s books were interpreted during decades by polish critics and readers. Author argues that reception of J. Conrad’s books was determined by the periods in which critics and readers lived. During war J. Conrad’s works were perceived as guides and psychical assistance. After World Word II critics divided into main two groups – one group maintained that J. Conrad’s conceptions were harmful and the other group pointed that J. Conrad’s books were important and carried universal meanings. Nowadays J. Conrad is still interpreted in very different ways. Author focuses only on Zdzisław Najder’s interpretations
Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947 w polskiej historiografii i debacie politycznej
No full textThe article aims at presenting the differences in the reception of Polish- Ukrainian conflict of 1943–1947 by Polish historians and politicians, as well as diffusion of the knowledge about the past with contemporary political activity. Firstly, different ideas of the relation between history and politics are described. Secondly, a presentation of three groups of Polish researchers, who study Polish-Ukrainian conflict of 1943–1947, is made. Finally, the analysis of a 2003 parliamentary debate is drawn. The topic of this debate was to commemorate victims of anti-Polish OUN-UPA (Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists – Ukrainian Insurgent Army) action. These are the main conclusions of the article: historical disputes are reflected in politics; the knowledge about Polish victims of OUN-UPA has been disseminated in the Ukraine thanks to the actions of Polish politicians.The article aims at presenting the differences in the reception of Polish-Ukrainian conflict of 1943–1947 by Polish historians and politicians,as well as diffusion of the knowledge about the past with contemporarypolitical activity. Firstly, different ideas of the relation betweenhistory and politics are described. Secondly, a presentation of threegroups of Polish researchers, who study Polish-Ukrainian conflictof 1943–1947, is made. Finally, the analysis of a 2003 parliamentarydebate is drawn. The topic of this debate was to commemorate victimsof anti-Polish OUN-UPA (Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists– Ukrainian Insurgent Army) action. These are the main conclusionsof the article: historical disputes are reflected in politics; the knowledgeabout Polish victims of OUN-UPA has been disseminated in theUkraine thanks to the actions of Polish politicians