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Manual de establecimiento y manejo de sistemas agroforestales para restauración y recuperación productiva de suelos degradados o afectados por incendios forestales
No full text82 páginasEl objetivo de este manual, que se basa en los contenidos expuestos en los Manuales N° 41, 43 y Cartillas Agroforestales N°4 y N°7, sobre sistemas silvopastorales, cortinas cortavientos, y protección y recuperación de cursos de aguas, y beneficios ambientales, y se amplía a otros aspectos, como agrosilvicultura, restauración agroforestal y recuperación productiva, es entregar antecedentes sobre principios fundamentales para la planificación, establecimiento, manejo y correcto funcionamiento de los Sistemas Agroforestales, con especies exóticas comúnmente usadas en el sector forestal, y también con especies nativas, que pueden ser usadas en acciones de restauración de áreas afectadas por incendios forestales, y para recuperación productiva y ambiental de suelos degradados y protección y recuperación de cursos de aguas degradadas por acción humana o por incendios
Propagación de Carica chilensis, especie endémica, vulnerable y amenazada del norte de Chile: Un avance para su conservación
Get PDFpáginas 73-84Se estudió la propagación sexual y asexual de Carica chilensis (Palo gordo o papayo silvestre), arbusto endémico clasificado como Vulnerable, que se distribuye desde el sur de la Región de Atacama, principalmente en la Región de Coquimbo y más escasamente en la Región de Valparaíso, entre los 0 a 500 msnm. Unos de los principales problemas de esta especie es su baja producción de frutos, implicando una escasa a nula regeneración natural. Sin embargo, técnicas de propagación pueden mitigar o resolver este problema, empleando germoplasma para su conservación ex situ y posterior reintroducción en su hábitat natural
Durabilidad natural de la madera de renoval de Tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana Looser)
Get PDF24 páginasEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar la durabilidad natural de la madera de duramen de renoval de tepa sometida a la acción de dos hongos xilófagos de pudrición blanca, de acuerdo a las categorías establecidas por Findlay (1962) y por la norma EN- 350, las cuales se adecuan a las mencionadas en la norma NCh 789/1 (Maderas. Parte 1: Clasificación de maderas comerciales por su durabilidad natural)
Boletín de Precios Forestales, Junio 2023
No full text34 páginasAl término del primer semestre del año, los precios nominales de los principales productos de pino radiata comercializados en el país, presentan una disminución en el mes de junio, respecto de marzo de 2023. Este retroceso se debe a una disminución en la demanda de estos productos en el mercado interno, producto de una menor actividad en la economía nacional.
El precio de las trozas aserrables de pino radiata, puestas en aserradero de la región del Biobío, bajó un 2,9%.
En tanto, el precio de la madera pulpable de pino radiata, puesta en planta de las regiones del Maule y Biobío, descendió un 5,6%. Por su parte, el precio de la madera aserrada de pino radiata, puesta en aserradero de la región de Biobío y puesta en barraca de la Región Metropolitana bajo un 2,2% y 3,1%, respectivamente.
El precio nominal de la madera cepillada de pino radiata, puesta en barraca de la región de Biobío y en barraca de la Región Metropolitana, experimentó una caída de 2,3% y 4,1%.
Como es habitual, en la edición de junio del Boletín de Precios Forestales, se presenta también precios de plantas forestales. Al respecto, el precio promedio de las plantas de pino radiata en bandejas es de $112.000 por mil plantas, puestas en vivero de la región de Biobío
Hongos de la zona central de Chile. Guía para la identificación y conservación de especies del bosque esclerófilo
No full text223 páginasEl presente libro es una guía ilustrada con especies de hongos de la zona central de Chile, y de manera particular aquellos que habitan en medio de la vegetación del bosque esclerófilo y el matorral espinoso, el cual crece entre las laderas y quebradas de cerros, desde las faldas de la cordillera de los Andes hasta la costa
Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls in the knowledge of arthropod species in Chile: Challenges and implications for regional conservation
No full text10 páginasDespite global efforts to identify and classify species to improve biodiversity baselines, there still remains large knowledge shortfalls that affect our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems and the design of effective conservation practices. Using the results of the first ongoing large-scale biodiversity inventory for Chile which has already recorded ca. 1,800 species and discovered 87 new species of arthropods, we explore and discuss taxonomy (Linnean) and distribution (Wallacean) shortfalls that preclude large-scale knowledge of arthropod biodiversity for one of the lesser studied groups in the world — the arthropods. Linnean shortfalls are mainly associated with the lack of funding of monitoring and inventory initiatives and the bias towards most charismatic or umbrella species, which in turn trigger effects on the experts’ availability, recruitment of taxonomists in research centers, journal impact factors, as well as the availability of scientific collections of type specimens. Instead, Wallacean shortfalls are related to accessibility to remote areas, and the spatial and temporal resolution of sampling efforts. Based on our results and literature review, we discuss the findings and also propose a novel conceptual framework aimed to reduce data gaps and support biodiversity conservation policies, particularly in developing countries. The framework has three main components: (1) the ecosystems, their species, and the threats; (2) the key elements for a biodiversity assessment strategy, and (3) an action plan for protecting biodiversity
How much carbon is stored in the terrestrial ecosystems of the Chilean Patagonia?
Get PDFpáginas 893-903We estimated the amount of carbon (C) stored in terrestrial ecosystems of theChilean Patagonia and the proportion within protected areas. We used existingpublic databases that provide information on C stocks in biomass and soils. Datawere analysed by ecosystem and forest type in the case of native forests. Ourresults show that some ecosystems have been more extensively studied both fortheir stocks in biomass and soils (e.g. forests) compared with others (e.g. shrub-lands). Forests and peatlands store the largest amount of C because of theirlarge stocks per hectare and the large area they cover. The total amount of Cstored per unit area varies from 261.7 to 432.8 Mg C ha −1, depending on the pub-lished value used for soil organic C stocks in peatlands, highlighting the need tohave more precise estimates of the C stored in this and other ecosystems. Themean stock in national parks (508 Mg C ha −1) is almost twice the amount storedin undisturbed forests in the Amazon. State and private protected areas contain58.9% and 2.1% of the C stock, respectively, playing a key role in protectingecosystems in this once pristine area
Informe de gira técnica: utilización de técnicas nucleares para mejorar la adaptación y la productividad de especies forestales frente al cambio climático
No full textpáginas 99-111Dentro del marco del proyecto “Utilización de técnicas nucleares para mejorar la adaptación y la productividad de especies forestales frente al cambio climático” el autor realizó en el mes de mayo de 2022 una gira técnica a México durante la cual visitó el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), la Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR), la Protectora de Bosques del Estado de México (PROBOSQUE), el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP), la Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo y la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, con el objeto de conocer los avances en la aplicación de las tecnologías nucleares para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático en los bosques nativos y exóticos
Douglas-fir Exhibits High Growth Performance and Survival in Southern Chile
No full text8 páginasWe evaluated the potential of 19 provenances of the coastal variety of Douglas-fir for commercial plantation development in Southern Chile. Seedlings from 668 families were planted in two trials differing in site preparation and previous land use conditions. Height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume index (VOL), and survival (SUR) were measured on all trees at the age of 10 years. Provenances from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon performed the best at both sites, whereas provenances from east of the Cascade Crest were among the worst. Differences among provenances were not large and average H, DBH, VOL, and SUR across all provenances were 7.3 m, 11.9 cm, 0.06 m3, and 82%, respectively. The results indicate good potential of the species at sites in Southern Chile characterized by high levels of precipitation. Seed sources from coastal Washington and Oregon could provide appropriate planting material under current climate conditions.
Study Implications: This study examined the performance in growth and survival of different provenances of Douglas-fir with the intention to inform foresters which are the most appropriate provenances for planting activities. The provenances tested had an average survival of 82%. Provenances originating from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon were the best performing provenances in the study area and can be used as planting material for the establishment of large-scale plantations
Relationships among livestock, structure, and regeneration in Chilean Austral Macrozone temperate forests
Get PDF12 páginasA Macrozone is a socioecological region with shared geographic and demographic characteristics. Within the Chilean Austral Macrozone (43° to 56° SL), the native temperate forests serve as a crucial resource, offering multiple ecosystem services to local communities. These forests significantly support animal husbandry practices involving cattle, horses and sheep. However, introducing these exotic species affects natural regeneration and compromises their long-term sustainability. This study proposes a new classification of the temperate forests in the Chilean Austral Macrozone based on structure parameters and determine their relationships with animal husbandry and natural regeneration. Data were obtained from Chile's National Forest Inventory (NFI) (2001–2010), including 195 inventory plots (500 m2) with 21 tree species. We redefined the forest categories described in NFI according to the proportional basal area of each tree species at each plot. We used two levels of analysis: forest composition (Level 1), which includes general categories such as mono-specific (dominated by a single tree species), bi-specific (dominated by two tree species), and multi-specific forests (dominated by multiple tree species), and forest type (Level 2), which includes specific species (e.g., Nothofagus pumilio) or species groups (e.g., N. pumilio - N. dombeyi) with economic relevance. We evaluated the data using univariate and multivariate analyses. We found 18 forest types in the Austral Macrozone, in contrast to the three traditionally recognized forest types used in the NFI (e.g., lenga, evergreen, coihue de Magallanes). Livestock was observed in all forest types, where Nothofagus forests showed that regeneration in N. antarctica and N. pumilio were higher with livestock than without livestock breeding (Hedges' g > 0.51). The natural regeneration of the studied forests was influenced by animal husbandry, environmental variables (bioclimatic and topographic factors), and forest structure. Our data suggested the importance of using more forest types than the three classics to generate tools or recommendations that are more focused on the particularities of each one. The classification must be based on forest parameters obtained during NFI. The proposed forest type classification reflects the complexity and richness of the forests in a better way, which could improve forest management and the development of public policies related to climate change and sustainability. Finally, although livestock pressure was observed in all forest types, the impact over some areas (e.g., N. antarctica) needs special attention in the forest management and conservation planning for the Chilean Austral Macrozone