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    THE POWER OF IDEAS. THE INFLUENCE OF HASSAN AL-BANNA AND SAYYID QUTB ON THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD ORGANIZATION

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    This article analyzes the ideological influences of Egyptian leaders Hassan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb on the Muslim Brotherhood. Al-Banna and Qutb are considered by many scholars as prominent thinkers in the Muslim world of the twentieth century. They have had a major impact on Islamic extremism in modern times, and have dealt with a number of religious and social issues, which exist in Islamic discourse until today. On the one hand, many of their writings were written metaphorically, while on the other hand, their writings are interpreted by many as explicit orders to exercise violence. This article examines whether Qutb and al-Banna’s ideas still have actual impact on the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. The aim is to make a case for assuming a new standpoint, which will add to the wider research knowledge

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    THE IMPACT OF THE ARAB SPRING ON THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION

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    The Palestinian question has been deeply influenced by regional political trends for the last six decades. Palestinians have been exposed to external and internal Arab politics, suffering – from the Lebanese civil war of 1976–1989, the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1991, the American occupation of Iraq in 2003, and the Arab Spring since 2010. Those examples remind of the fragility of the Palestinian issue and its deep dependence on stability in the Arab World. The issue of present developments in the Arab region, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the peace process in the Middle East are highly correlated

    ZMIANY DEMOGRAFICZNE JAKO ZAGROŻENIE DLA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA. ANALIZA NA PRZYKŁADZIE JAPONII

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    The article analyses the impact of demographic changes on the national security based on the Japan’s experience. The main goal of the article is to highlight the most significant types of demographic changes, in this case the aging society, low total fertility rate and domestic migration, and their impact on the Japan’s economic and military security in the current international environment.Artykuł analizuje wpływ zmian demograficznych na bezpieczeństwo państwa na przykładzie Japonii. Głównym celem jest wyszczególnienie najbardziej znaczących rodzajów zmian demograficznych, w tym przypadku zjawiska starzejącego się społeczeństwa, niskiego współczynnika dzietności oraz migracji wewnętrznych oraz ich analizę w kontekście wpływu na bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne i militarne Japonii w obecnym środowisku międzynarodowym

    Bezpieczeństwo Polski. Współczesne wyzwania, red. Sebastian Wojciechowski, Anna Potyrała, Difin,Warszawa 2014, ss. 262.

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    OD SURGE DO PAŃSTWA ISLAMSKIEGO. PRZYCZYNY I UWARUNKOWANIA DESTABILIZACJI IRAKU PO 2011 ROKU

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    The aim of this paper is to examine main causes and determinants that have contributed to the destabilization of Iraq after the withdrawal of American forces in 2011. The focus will be on the factors that caused the increase in sectarian violence, especially in respect to Shia–Sunni relations. The paper also explains main chain of events that created favorable conditions for the emergence of the Islamic State. An organization which pose a threat to the entire region and can lead to disintegration of Iraq.Celem artykułu jest ukazanie dynamiki wydarzeń, które doprowadziły do destabilizacji sytuacji w Iraku po wycofaniu się z tego państwa wojsk amerykańskich. Wyjaśnione zostały czynniki, które doprowadziły do wzrostu napięcia w relacjach międzywyznaniowych oraz uwarunkowania wzrostu znaczenia ugrupowań ekstremistycznych. Kluczowym punktem analizy jest wyjaśnienie przyczyn sukcesu tzw. Państwa Islamskiego, stanowiącego zagrożenie o charakterze ponadregionalnym. Działalność tej organizacji doprowadzić może do rozpadu Iraku oraz destabilizacji całego Bliskiego Wschodu

    SIPRI Yearbook 2014

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    The latest SIPRI Yearbook 2014 focuses on three most important questions crucial for peace research: (1) security and conflicts; (2) military spending and armaments; (3) non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament. The material contains chronologically ordered tendencies published in the Yearbook.Ostatnie wydanie SIPRI Yearbook 2014 dotyczy 2013 r. i koncentruje się na trzech wydaje się najważniejszych z punktu widzenia badań nad pokojem kwestiach: bezpieczeństwo i konflikty, wydatki wojskowe i uzbrojenie oraz nieproliferacja, kontrola zbrojeń i rozbrojenie. Niniejsze opracowanie zawiera uporządkowane chronologicznie najważniejsze tendencje opublikowane w roczniku

    IRAN IN THE MINDS OF THE ISRAELIS

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    The foreign policy of Israel towards Iran relies on the shared understanding of the leadership and the public in Israel of the reality, and hence agreement is also built regarding the steps that should be undertaken regarding Iran and its nuclear program. Through research of the social representations, it will be possible to identify the core images and bases of agreement of society in Israel and to identify the existence of alternative understanding of subgroups, which exist in parallel in the society. The findings indicate that the heterogeneity in Israeli society is expressed also in the collection of images and explanations regarding the nature of the State of Israel and regarding the Iranian threat. In the Jewish group it is possible to identify two systems of core representations: the first is collection of images of the Holocaust and the second is images of the Israeli-Arab conflict. In the Arab group differences among its sub-groups was found. Groups whose sons serve in the Israeli military created discourse similar to the Jewish group, and the other Arabs formed images around the status as a minority in the Jewish nation state

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