Przegląd Strategiczny
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Taktyczna broń nuklearna w Europie
Get PDFTactical nuclear weapons were quantitatively a dominant class o f nuclear weapons in the Cold War. However, currently, they stay on the margin of strategic thinking. The aim o f the article is to provide a reader with an insight into the issues related to tactical nuclear weapons in the European NATO countries (however, they are primarily American weapons). The article defines the term „tactical nuclear weapons” and provides an overview of these weapons. It stresses the reasons o f their development by the Western countries in the Cold War. The paper focuses on the nuclear sharing NATO program (but French non-strategic weapons are also mentioned) - its principles, current status and prospects, including controversies around the future o f tactical nuclear weapons in Europe
Propaganda Daesh
Get PDFThe aim of the article was to show the diversity of Daesh propaganda. It consists of the of political, religious and social narratives. They have one task - to convince the world that the newly created ‘caliphate’ is a fact: it has the ability to defend its territory, no matter of how great is the efforts of ‘crusaders’, moreover, is an efficient state, which is an ideal home for Sunnis. Brutality is the element with which the propaganda Daesh primarily connotations, appears very frequently. It has specific role - to deter opponents. This reason why so often presents „hunting” on Iraqi soldiers, and mass executions. This brutality, in connection with mercy, meeting the needs of justice and belonging, makes propagandas an efficient tool for building ‘caliphate’
Sprawozdanie z posiedzenia Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ nr 7498 na temat powołania międzynarodowego trybunału ds. katastrofy malezyjskiego samolotu, lot nr MH-17, Nowy Jork, 29 lipca 2015 r. (Aleksandra GOLUS)
Get PDFSprawozdanie z posiedzenia Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ nr 7498 na temat powołania międzynarodowego trybunału ds. katastrofy malezyjskiego samolotu, lot nr MH-17, Nowy Jork, 29 lipca 2015 r. (Aleksandra GOLUS
Interpretacja czynników operacyjnych w regulaminach i doktrynach wybranych państw w kontekście walki z tak zwanym Państwem Islamskim
Get PDFThe main reason, to take this subject was self-perception of the problems arising from the perception and definition of the operating factors in the art of war, to potential military operations against the so-called Islamic State. Operational factors do not have a clear source of their definition and perception of the art of war. Their importance in the art of war was and is treated in many cases instrumentally, their aspect of the phenomenon described operations or attributed to them only part of the description of environmental assessment to guide future actions. Analysis of the importance of operational factors indicating their wider range and finds its justification in the development of operational thinking in the art of war. It should be stressed that the ability to think of operating a psychological category entity associated with the development of thinking and mutual understanding. While the combination of thought process entity with its subject provides a reasonable basis for the use of the concept of thinking operating in the art of war. The thinking process operating relates to compounds and the relationship between perceived material objects of art of war and the influence of these relations on the preparation and organization of effective action. Therefore operational factors are the basis for the development of operational thinking in the art of war. Identification of the material objects of art of war is essential to perceive the relationship produced. You must have the awareness that in practice this means the correct identification of the area of operations and precise description of the parties, fighting. The study formulates assumptions of contemporary perception and interpretation of operational factors as the process of initiating any military action. It must be concluded that the accepted scope and structure (structure) of the work was determined the nature of the problems under consideration
Security in the Area of Culture as Viewed by the European Union
Get PDFThe European Communities, later the European Union, for a long time did not pay attention to the protection of European cultural heritage, as well as to issues o f cultural policy, leaving the area more or less consciously the Council o f Europe. The cultural policy o f the European Union treats the ambiguous term “culture” as an area that belongs to the sphere of national sovereignty. Undefined terms from the area of culture, such as the European cultural space, a common cultural heritage, etc. appear in the documents o f the European Union. Only Art. 151 o f the Treaty establishing the European Community, currently Art. 167 of the Treaty on the functioning o f the European Union is more specifically devoted to the issue of culture and more closely to the issue of heritage. The cultural policy on this ground includes the protection o f European cultural heritage, undertaking projects involving the development of a culture and the promotion of European culture. In that respect, the attention should be paid to a number of bilateral agreements, international programs, and finally conventions
Brytyjskie analizy z obszaru stosunków międzynarodowych – przegląd 2015 roku
Get PDFThe material constitutes a review of articles published in 2015 in British academic journals dealing with International relations. Texts have been selected from sixteen issues of: „International Affairs”, „The British Journal of Politics and International Relations” and „The Political Quarterly” . The articles published in these journals have been analyzed in context of thematic groups such as: the Ukrainian conflict, Middle East issues, migration policy, British policy and climate change
Pozamilitarne aspekty bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego – kryzys migracyjny 2015–2016
Get PDFIn the article, an attempt to characterize migration movements observed in the beginning of the second decade of the XXI century is made. The aim is to present challenges and threats for security o f the EU region and member states, caused by massive migration flows. A debate within the European Union on possible solutions of the problem is analyzed. Differences in the approach to the migration crisis are taken into account, motivated on one hand by the desire to guarantee protection to refugees and persons in a refugee-like situation, on the other - to preserve security of EU citizens, member states and the organization
Saudi Arabia and Iran: the Battle for Hegemony That the Kingdom Cannot Win
Get PDFChallenged economically, politically, socially, ideologically and geopolitically, Saudi Arabia is confronting the perfect storm. How it weathers the storm will depend on how it handles the two most existential threats it faces: the rivalry with Iran for hegemony in the Middle East and North Africa (a battle it ultimately will lose), and the inevitable restructuring of the increasingly problematic marriage between the House o f Saud and the Wahhabi clergy, proponents of a puritan interpretation o f Islam on whom the ruling Al Saud family rely for their legitimacy
