Przegląd Strategiczny
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Transformacja europejskiego kompleksu bezpieczeństwa
Get PDFThe main goal of the article is an attempt to outline an analytical tool that would systematize considerations of the possible variants of the development of the European Union as a result of a coincidence of internal and external circumstances. Prospects of further progress, stop, and fall of integration, impacts of the proceedings of Russia and changes in the broader international environment are taken into account. For this purpose an approach developed by the influential mainstream research, called the Copenhagen school, has been implemented: the theory of security complexes
Polskie analizy strategiczne – przegląd 2015 roku
Get PDFThe article constitutes a review o f selected articles published in 2015 by leading Polish scientific journals dealing with international security („Bellona”, „Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe” [„National Security”], „Rocznik Strategiczny” [„Strategic Yearbook”] and „Stosunki Międzynarodowe” [„International Relations”]). It aims to highlight main directions o f research conducted in the previous year by the Polish strategic studies community. The author presents the most important and interesting arguments in main debates undertaken on the pages o f reviewed publications adding his own analytical commentary
The European Union’s Cultural Policy: The New Tasks?
Get PDFThe debate on European cultural policy has only just begun. What is intended to be the object is unknown. Topics taken during the European Culture Congress have the general nature and are only an introduction to critical reflection on what today is the European culture. Even if the answer seems obvious that these cultures o f the Member States, we still do not know whether it will be called. “High culture”, remaining in the elite circle of interest, or so. “Pop culture”? Perhaps the answer is indirect, and refers to the culture that we do not know from the media, the internet, billboards and banner ads, but rather that which we know through membership in a particular social group, religious community, and most of all family
Stanowisko Parlamentu Europejskiego wobec problemu proliferacji broni masowego rażenia i terroryzmu międzynarodowego
Get PDFThe paper presents the stance of the European Parliament (EP) on the gravest threats to the security of the EU, in particular, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the issue of international terrorism. Prevention of these threats lies predominantly within the competence of EU member states and its intergovernmental bodies. Such situation is implied by the fact that these issues fall within the scope of EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within which intergovernmental collaboration mechanisms play a dominant role. This means that the EP’s role in the shaping of EU’s policy on the prevention of weapons of mass destruction proliferation and international terrorism is limited and basically confined to the expression of non-binding opinions in its resolutions. However, relevant resolutions passed by the EP, though not binding in legal terms, have political significance and allow the EP, in contrast to other EU’s institutions, to articulate its position in an unequivocal and clear way. This is possible since the EP is the only supranational EU institution that has democratic legitimacy and can claim the right to exercise parliamentary control over the EU’s policy with respect to the prevention of the gravest threats to European security. This is particularly vivid as it comes to the fight against terrorism which is also the subject of interest for the common space of freedom, security and justice which employs intragovernmental collaboration mechanisms
Energy Cultures in the European Union
Get PDFThe main objective of the text is to present an analysis that points to the existence of special “energy cultures” in the European Union. The comparative analysis encompassing the results of previous research into “energy cultures” employs statistical methods, i.e. a cluster analysis (Ward’s clustering method and k-means clustering method). The main sections of the text address: (1) the concept and examples of “energy cultures”, (2) a methodology of analysis, (3) aselection of indexes characterising “energy cultures”, (4) an attempt at grouping the European Union member states with the aid of clustering, (5) conclusions. With a view to making the research problem more specific, the present text features the following questions: (1) Is the claim that the European Union manifests special ‘energy cultures’ legitimate?, (2) Did the decade of 2001-2011 witness changes in the field of the European Union ‘energy cultures’, as earlier recognised by the literature
ISIS Communication Strategy
Get PDFThe present paper concerns studies on innovative communication and propaganda strategies of the main jihadist group called “the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS). In fact, media and Internet agitations enabled to reinforce ideological and operational influences of that organization and they affected different militants in the world who joined the battlefield in Syria and Iraq or carried out terrorist attacks in the West. Analysis of propaganda techniques reflects the following topics: liturgical speeches, official media channels, social medias and encrypted communication. Besides, the research demonstrates different audiences of ISIS communication strategy, which aims at affecting emotions and at stimulating opinions and reactions. The indoctrination concerns traditional, liturgical speeches delivered in Arabic by ISIS leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi who targets local populations in mosques. Moreover, it also reflects new technologies such as radio and TV stations, official websites or social medias that include sophisticated programs, high quality pictures, graphics and videos. However, the paper also deals with some advanced computer and Internet technologies, which enable to protect identities of jihadists who follow important conversations about ISIS objectives
Ustawy w zakresie zapewniania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego (Internal Security Acts) w Indiach, Portugalii i Francji
Get PDFThe article concerns Internal Security Acts in India, Portugal and France. These states had adopted such kind of laws due to various reasons and motives. In the paper a set of factors is identified which have influenced internal security rules in the above-mentioned states. The key assumption is that the crucial issue is the definition of internal security which is necessary if a state would like to build an internal security system. The definition might be included in an Internal Security Act. The basic question is how internal security is understood in India, Portugal and France. The article concludes with final conclusions. First, the Internal Security Acts adopted by various states are influenced by a set of factors occurring in these states. Secondly, usually the concept of internal security has been defined by an Internal Security Act (Portugal and France cases). Last but not least, the internal security is understood in a narrow way i.e. it is restricted to the issues of public order and public security (India and France cases)
Interesy narodowe Federacji Rosyjskiej w Syrii na tle rosyjskiej interwencji w 2015 roku
Get PDFOn September 2015 Russian Federation began intervention in Syria acting on behalf of Bassâr al-’Assad against Islamic State and other rebels who are fighting against Syria Arab Republic. This decision had been influenced by Russia’s objective reasons as well by particular interests of its administration. The main aim o f this article is to analyze national interests regarding Russian Federation’s intervention in Syria which are defined by author as: survival o f the state, political autonomy, economic prosperity and sense o f self-esteem o f state-society complex. The author also discusses particular interests o f Russian administration which he considers as being in accordance with national interests. Threads mentioned in the article consists of: historic relations between states, economic interests, an impact o f the intervention on Russian internal and foreign policy, the seaport in Tartüs and Russian citizens in Syria