Przegląd Strategiczny
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ISIS: Past, Present, and Future
Get PDFThe main purpose of this article is to examine the causes which led to the establishment of ISIS. In addition, this text aims to get to the root of ISIS’s ideology and analyze step-by-step the driving factors and circumstances that led to the emergence of the Islamic State. Moreover, it purports to examine the dichotomous relationship between ISIS and al-Qaeda, and finally examine where the west and the Muslim world are headed
Water Deficit as a Security Threat
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to explain the key definitions connected with water security and to analyse state relations in the context of water issues. In this context therefore water can be seen to be a precious resource because there it has no substitute. Thus the lack of water security is emerging as one of the major barriers for economic and social growth in developing countries and a source of domestic conflicts. On the other hand, water-related events might result in international cooperation, as Kofi Annan noticed during the celebration of World Water Day: “Fierce national competition over water resources has prompted fears that water issues contain the seeds of violent conflict. [...] If all world’s peoples work together, a secure and sustainable water future can be ours”. What is certain, in the near future any environmental security planning will have to take into consideration the prime issue of water security
SIPRI Yearbook 2015
Get PDFThe commentary includes the most important trends confirmed the current knowledge in the „SIPRI Yearbook 2015”. Every year the organization in a comprehensive manner shows the activity of international actors in terms of world military expenditure, international arms transfers, arms production, nuclear forces, armed conflicts and multilateral peace operations
Pozamilitarne aspekty bezpieczeństwa współczesnego świata – problem starzenia się społeczeństw
Get PDFThere is no doubt that the rapid increase in population aging across the globe is signaling the most astonishing demographic changes in the history of humankind. Demographic changes are among the most important challenges facing societies, labour markets and economies. This paper analyzes how low fertility rates, aging populations, and a growing number of migrants from other countries change the face of our globe and created the new threat to national security
Poland in the European Union – Reaching Beyond the Liberal Perspective of Analysis
Get PDFThe article refers to Polish membership in the European Union and the liberal perspective of its analysis. The paper discusses the shortages of the liberal approach. The article accepts the liberal thesis regarding the opportunities that the accession to the EU opens up for Polish development. It notes the significance of the European mechanisms of regional cooperation. Nevertheless, the paper emphasises that the liberal perspective ignores the inequalities of power in the European Union and misses some serious tendencies, both at the level of the community and in the domestic politics, that impede the state’s development. Thus, the article refers to the limited competitiveness of the Polish economy and the state’s difficulties with the identification of its interests in the dynamic and variable international environment. It warns against the marginalization of Poland as “semi-peripheral” member of the European Union. The main conclusion of the paper is that the case of Polish membership in the EU is too complicated to close it in the liberal frameworks. The liberal perspective needs a realist correction. It is extremely important in the context of the challenges that Poland faces together with the crisis of the European integration
American Foreign Policy Towards Egypt under Hosni Mubarak’s Regime
Get PDFAmerican foreign policy towards Egypt during almost three decades of Mubarak’s career as first vice-president, and later president of Egypt. The material underlines the impact of Mubarak’s personality, career and political style on the overall shape of American cooperation with Egypt. Egypt is described as an inherent element of the American foreign policy-making processes. Its most notable role is that of a mediator and facilitator in the Arab-Israeli conflict – in fact, Mubarak at times ventured his country’s position in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to conduct and support peace talks, much to the US approval. In return, Egypt could count on considerable financial aid to maintain its already commendable military might, and develop civic structures. Mubarak’s power was always associated with his status as metaphorical ‘eyes and ears’ of Egyptian army – a position that brought the Egyptian president considerably appreciation on the American part. Mubarak is shown as a leader whose rein relied on cold calculation, pre-planning, unwillingness to improvise and act quickly, and ‘controlled’ risk taking
Bezpieczeństwo państwa i dostęp organów ścigania do danych internetowych a ochrona prywatności w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Get PDFThis paper shows the conflict between two values protected in every democratic country by constitutional law. On the one hand, the right to privacy and on the other hand the competencies of the State to ensure the security of its citizens eg. by using secret surveillance measures. Therefore, it is necessary to seek an appropriate balance between these two standards protected by law based on selected judicatures of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland, and the regulations of the Council o f Europe and the European Union
Terrorism – the Dark Side of Demographic Dividend. A Case Study of Pakistan
Get PDFDemographic dividend could be considered as a corollary to demographic transition. Because of the shift in demographics with respect to mean age over a period of time more people fall under the age bracket of 15-64 than below 15 and above 64. Fortunately, Pakistanis considered to be one of these states experiencing the phenomenon o f demographic dividend. Pakistan is also one the worst victims of terrorism, which can be regarded as the dark side of the demographic explosion. There may be many other fallouts such as rise in crime, local feuds, civil war and other forms of political violence but in fragile states with ungoverned territories, the demographic disproportions vis-r-vis resources may pave the way for terrorism. This would be an ideal situation terrorist recruitment and size o f terrorist organizations would also increase vis-r-vis the population growth. The Islamist terrorist organizations would capitalize on this upcoming situation as they have the required trained cadres and infrastructure to reap the benefits of the demographic dividend. In case the country fails to reap the benefits o f demographic dividend then the terrorist organizations would
Strategiczne porozumienia ponad podziałami – Grupa Wyszehradzka jako przykład integracji i emancypacji w ramach Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFFunctioning of the Visegrad Group since its beginning was not an easy issue. V4 was established to integrate East-Central European countries into Euro-Atlantic structures in the atmosphere of cooperation. However, it was a partnership o f countries which in many cases guided by different interests. From the beginning, there was no sympathy inside the Group, but over time it changed. Since joining into the European Union in this cooperation experienced moments of common mobilizing such as: a struggle under the EU Cohesion Policy, the fight for the Union budgets, and the last one position against the welcome of refugees arriving to Europe. It should be noted that properly develop cooperation of Visegrad Group at the elementary level in areas such as: environmental protection, infrastructure, transport and energy projects and tourism. An important new motivation to this cooperation is founded in 2016 EU Battle Group of the Visegrad Group with almost 4 thousand soldiers
Fenomen „Państwa Islamskiego” i jego źródła
Get PDFThe aim of the text is to present and systematize the most important reasons for the „Islamic State” dramatic rise to power and significance. The reasons are the sum total of a number of diverse and mutually linked factors. These fall into the three categories: A. effective use of hard power connected to military activities and terrorist attacks; B. appropriate use of soft power concerning financial, logistics or propaganda sphere; C. different events of processes of local or international character. These three groups of factors and their interactions result in the so-called triad of the „Islamic State” phenomenon