SCRIPTORIUM (Université de Moncton)
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The voice as a material clue: a new forensic Algerian Corpus
No full textDialects have received bigger interest in recent years as they are increasingly used on the web and social media. Because Algerian Arabic dialects suffer from a lack of appropriate speech corpora for speech recognition, a rich dialect corpus is needed to approach Algerian Accent recognition. The latter remains a key feature in the field of Forensic Voice Comparison (FVC) systems. This paper presents a new large-scale forensic Algerian speech corpus called Sawt El-Djazaïr. An important criterion in dealing with forensic corpora is the presence of session variability. For this purpose, we collected celebrity recordings in various regions of Algeria, from different social networks, in various scenarios, and at different times. In addition, we also recorded 87 participants using cellular calls and voice over IP (VoIP) applications including Viber, WhatsApp, and Google Meet. The corpus of approximately 50 hours covers various speech topics and is spoken in twelve Algerian sub-dialects. The design guidelines of the proposed corpus are described along with the grouping of dialects across different geographical locations. Sawt El-Djazaïr is available to the research community upon request.udemauteur: Sid. Ahmed Selouan
Cibler la vulnérabilité lysosomale dans le cancer du rein héréditaire comme nouvelle approche thérapeutique
No full textLa maladie Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) est un syndrome héréditaire causé par des mutations sur le gène VHL entraînant le développement de tumeurs dans différents organes tels que l’œil, l’oreille, les glandes surrénales, le cerveau, le pancréas et les reins. Environ 70% des patients atteints de la maladie VHL développeront un cancer du rein. Il n’existe actuellement aucun remède pour cette maladie, Des études menées dans le laboratoire du Dr Turcotte ont démontré la possibilité de cibler les cellules mutées en VHL en affectant la fonction des lysosomes de la cellule par l’inhibition de la kinase PIKfyve. Pour ce projet, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la vulnérabilité lysosomale des cellules mutées en VHL pourrait être exploitée comme approche thérapeutique pour ceux qui sont touchés par le syndrome VHL. Pour étudier cette hypothèse, nous avons généré 9 mutations ponctuelles spécifiques observées dans différents sous-types de la maladie VHL (type 2A, type 2B et type 2C). Des tests de cytotoxicité ont été effectués en réponse au STF-62247 et à d’autres inhibiteurs de PIKfyve. Nous avons aussi évalué l’expression et la stabilité de pVHL dans les cellules traitées au STF-62247. La physiologie des lysosomes a été étudiée par immunofluorescence pour LAMP-1 à l’aide de la microscopie confocale, tandis que l’expression de protéines reliées à l’autophagie, les lysosomes et de plusieurs autres protéines a été étudiée par l’immunobuvardage de type Western. Nos résultats ont montré que les mutations sur VHL associées au développement du cancer du rein sont sensibles aux inhibiteurs de PIKfyve. Nous avons également observé des différences significatives dans la taille et le nombre des lysosomes selon les mutations VHL et en réponse au STF-62247. Enfin, les résultats d’immunobuvardage montrent une variation de l’expression des protéines autophagiques (LC3 et p62) et lysosomales (cathepsine B et D), au sein des 9 points de mutation. Nous avons montré que les différentes mutations le long de pVHL affectent son expression, sa stabilité des cellules aux inhibiteurs de PIKfyve. Les résultats obtenus dans ce projet contribuent à élargir nos connaissances sur le syndrome VHL au niveau cellulaire et mettent en évidence la possibilité d’une approche thérapeutique via l’inhibition de la kinase lipidique PIKfyve
Amplification of cascaded down-conversion by reusing photons with a switchable cavity
No full textThe ability to efficiently produce and manipulate nonclassical states of light is a critical requirement for the development of quantum optical technologies. In recent years, experiments have demonstrated that cascaded spontaneous parametric down-conversion is a promising approach to implement photon precertification, providing a way to overcome photon transmission losses for quantum communication, as well as to directly produce entangled three-photon states and heralded Bell pairs. However, the low efficiency of this process has so far limited its applicability beyond basic experiments. Here, we propose a scheme to amplify triplet production rates by using a fast switch and a delay loop to reuse photons that fail to convert on the first pass through the cascade's second nonlinear crystal. We construct a theoretical model to predict amplification rates and verify them in an experimental implementation. Our proof-of-concept device increases the rate of detected photon triplets as predicted, demonstrating that the method has the potential to dramatically improve the usefulness of cascaded down-conversion for device-independent quantum communication and entangled state generation.udemauteur: Julien Légère; Deny Hame
Rôle des fonctions mitochondriales sur le maximum thermique critique de dropsophiles (drosophila melanogaster) acclimatées à différentes températures
No full textCette étude met en évidence l'influence majeure de l'acclimatation sur les fonctions mitochondriales liées à la tolérance thermique et souligne l'interaction complexe entre l'acclimatation à la température, l'utilisation des substrats mitochondriaux et la tolérance thermique chez la drosophile
remarques à l'ombre de la guerre en Ukraine
No full textPourquoi des combattants engagés dans une guerre d’agression, parfaitement illégale du point de vue du jus ad bellum, devraient-ils disposer en matière de jus in bello des mêmes droits et obligations que des combattants qui se voient quant à eux impliqués dans une guerre défensive ? La question du statut moral des combattants, plongés dans les combats une fois les hostilités engagées, divise depuis plusieurs années les théoriciens œuvrant dans le champ de l’éthique de la guerre. L’« opération militaire spéciale » initiée par la Russie sur le territoire de l’Ukraine en février 2022 porte au premier plan cette question qui constitue aujourd’hui l’une des controverses les plus importantes dans le débat opposant, d’un côté, les partisans d’une approche traditionaliste et collectiviste associée aux thèses de Michael Walzer sur l’égalité morale des combattants et, de l’autre côté, les tenants d’une approche révisionniste et individualiste associée à la critique de ces thèses que développe notamment Jeff McMahan
Electron transport properties and free electron density evolution during the phase change in VO2 thin films
No full textThe experimental results on the phase change behavior of vanadium dioxide (VO2) as a function of temperature are invariably examined in the light of the strong electron correlation-based Mott-Hubbard model or the periodic lattice distortion based Peierls model with limited success. Further, the experimental conditions-based nanostructure imparted to the VO2 thin films also plays an important role. Hence, it has been suggested that the theoretical model that best suits the experimental conditions needs to be applied. In this work, we have examined the electron transport properties of VO2 thin films of various thicknesses all along the reversible phase change cycle. These results have led us to carefully examine the free electron density (ne) evolution all along the phase transition cycle and to establish for the first time the reversible hysteresis cycles of this important parameter. The intimate correlation between the degree of change in ne and the resistance seen in our samples leads us to believe that our results may be in favor of the Mott-Hubbard model of phase transition.udemauteur: Bassel Abdel Samad; Pandurang Ashri
Effectiveness of a School-Based Culinary Program on 9- and 10-Year-Old Children's Food Literacy and Vegetable, Fruit , and Breakfast Consumption
No full textSchool-based culinary courses may increase children’s food literacy and improve their eating behaviours. This study assessed the impact of a school-based culinary programme on 9- and 10-year-old students’ food literacy and vegetable, fruit, and breakfast consumption. This cluster quasi-experimental trial compared 88 grade 4 and 5 students who participated in the Apprenti en Action programme to 82 students who did not. Students’ food literacy and eating behaviours were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The programme’s impact on vegetable and fruit consumption, cooking skills, food skills, and food knowledge was measured using MANOVA, and the odds of eating breakfast at least five times per week were assessed with logistic regression. Students who participated in the programme reported a greater increase in their cooking skills (p = 0.013) and food knowledge (p = 0.028) than students in the control group. No effect was found on food skills and vegetables, fruit, and breakfast consumption (p-values > 0.05). Boys improved their cooking skills (p = 0.025) and food knowledge (p = 0.022), but girls did not. The programme improved students’ cooking skills and food knowledge, especially among boys; however, modifications are needed to improve students’ food skills and eating behaviours.udemauteur: Stephanie Ward-Chiasson; Jérémie Dupuis; Claire Johnso
The ovine conceptus utilizes extracellular serine, glucose and fructose to generate formate via the one carbon metabolism pathway
No full textHighly proliferative cells rely on one carbon (1C) metabolism for production of formate required for synthesis of purines and thymidine for nucleic acid synthesis. This study was to determine if extracellular serine and/or glucose and fructose contribute the production of formate in ovine conceptuses. Suffolk ewes (n = 8) were synchronized to estrus, bred to fertile rams, and conceptuses were collected on Day 17 of gestation. Conceptuses were either snap frozen in liquid nitrogen (n = 3) or placed in culture in medium (n = 5) containing either: 1) 4 mM D-glucose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 2) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-glucose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 3) 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 4) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 5) 4 mM D-glucose + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; or 6) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-glucose + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine. After 2 h incubation, conceptuses in their respective culture medium were homogenized and the supernatant analyzed for 12C- and 13C-formate by gas chromatography and amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Ovine conceptuses produced both 13C- and 12C-formate, indicating that the [U-13C]serine, glucose, and fructose were utilized to generate formate, respectively. Greater amounts of 12C-formate than 13C-formate were produced, indicating that the ovine conceptus utilized more glucose and fructose than serine to produce formate. This study is the first to demonstrate that both 1C metabolism and serinogenesis are active metabolic pathways in ovine conceptuses during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, and that hexose sugars are the preferred substrate for generating formate required for nucleotide synthesis for proliferating trophectoderm cells.udemauteur: Simon Lamarr
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues as selective inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase product biosynthesis in human platelets
No full textThe inflammatory response is an essential process for the host defence against pathogens. Lipid mediators are important in coordinating the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of the inflammatory process. However, unregulated production of these mediators has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that enzymes implicated in the production of these lipid mediators have been targeted for potential therapeutic approaches. Amongst these inflammatory molecules, the 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) is abundantly produced in several diseases and is primarily biosynthesized via the platelet’s 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway. To this day, very few compounds selectively inhibit the 12-LO pathway, and most importantly, none are currently used in the clinical settings. In this study, we investigated a series of polyphenol analogues of natural polyphenols that inhibit the 12-LO pathway in human platelets without affecting other normal functions of the cell. Using an ex vivo approach, we found one compound that selectively inhibited the 12-LO pathway, with IC50 values as low as 0.11 µM, with minimal inhibition of other lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase pathways. More importantly, our data show that none of the compounds tested induced significant off-target effects on either the platelet’s activation or its viability. In the continuous search for specific and better inhibitors targeting the regulation of inflammation, we characterized two novel inhibitors of the 12-LO pathway that could be promising for subsequent in vivo studies.udemauteur: Mathieu P.A. Hébert; Luc H. Boudreau; Ayyoub Selka; Andréa A. Lebec; Jérémie A. Doiron; Audrey Isabel Chiasson; Vanessa L. Gauvin; Alexis J. Matthew; Martin J. G. Hébert; Marco S. Doucet; Mohamed Touaibia; Marc E. Surette
Effectiveness of interventions to address different types of vulnerabilities in community‐dwelling older adults: An umbrella review
No full textBackground: Frailty, social isolation, loneliness, and poverty may render older adults vulnerable to social or health stressors. It is imperative to identify effective interventions to address them especially in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To identify effective community-based interventions to address frailty, social isolation, loneliness, and poverty among community-dwelling older adults. Design: Umbrella review. Data Source: We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, EBM-Reviews, CINAHL via EBSCO, and APA PsycInfo via Ovid from January 2009 to December 2022. Eligibility Criteria: We included systematic reviews or quantitative reviews of non-pharmacologic interventions targeting community-dwelling older adults. Data Selection, Extraction, and Management: Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, performed data extraction and appraised the methodological quality of the reviews. We used a narrative synthesis approach to summarize and interpret the findings. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using AMSTAR 2.0 tool. Results: We identified 27 reviews incorporating 372 unique primary studies that met our inclusion criteria. Ten of the reviews included studies conducted in low-middle-income countries. Twelve reviews (46%, 12/26) included interventions that addressed frailty. Seventeen reviews (65%, 17/26) included interventions that addressed either social isolation or loneliness. Eighteen reviews included studies with single component interventions, while 23 reviews included studies with multi-component interventions. Interventions including protein supplementation combined with physical activity may improve outcomes including frailty status, grip strength, and body weight. Physical activity alone or in combination with diet may prevent frailty. Additionally, physical activity may improve social functioning and interventions using digital technologies may decrease social isolation and loneliness. We did not find any review of interventions addressing poverty among older adults. We also noted that few reviews addressed multiple vulnerabilities within the same study, specifically addressed vulnerability among ethnic and sexual minority groups, or examined interventions that engaged communities and adapted programs to local needs. Conclusion: Evidence from reviews support diets, physical activity, and digital technologies to improve frailty, social isolation or loneliness. However, interventions examined were primarily conducted under optimal conditions. There is a need for further interventions in community settings and conducted under real world settings in older adults living with multiple vulnerabilities.udemauteur: Jalila Jbilou; John Hirde