SCRIPTORIUM (Université de Moncton)
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Addressing the Shortage of Health Professionals in Official Language Minority Communities to Strengthen Retention Strategies for the Benefit of New Brunswick Francophone and Acadian Communities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Design
No full textBackground: COVID-19 has highlighted already existing human resource gaps in health care systems. New Brunswick health care services are significantly weakened by a shortage of nurses and physicians, affecting regions where Official Language Minority Communities (OLMCs) reside. Since 2008, Vitalité Health Network (the “Network”), whose work language is French (with services delivered in both official languages, English and French), has provided health care to OLMCs in New Brunswick. The Network currently needs to fill hundreds of vacant physician and nurse positions. It is imperative to strengthen the network’s retention strategies to ensure its viability and maintain adequate health care services for OLMCs. The study is a collaborative effort between the Network (our partner) and the research team to identify and implement organizational and structural strategies to upscale retention. Objective: The aim of this study is to support one of New Brunswick health networks in identifying and implementing strategies to promote physician and registered nurse retention. More precisely, it wishes to make 4 important contributions to identify (and enhance our understanding of) the factors related to the retention of physicians and nurses within the Network; determine, based on the “Magnet Hospital” model and the “Making it Work” framework, on which aspects of the Network’s environment (internal or external) it should focus for its retention strategy; define clear and actionable practices to help the Network replenish its strength and vitality; and improve the quality of health care services to OLMCs. Methods: The sequential methodology combines quantitative and qualitative approaches based on a mixed methods design. For the quantitative part, data collected through the years by the Network will be used to take stock of vacant positions and examine turnover rates. These data will also help determine which areas have the most critical challenges and which ones have more successful approaches regarding retention. Recruitment will be made in those areas for the qualitative part of the study to conduct interviews and focus groups with different respondents, either currently employed or who have left it in the last 5 years. Results: This study was funded in February 2022. Active enrollment and data collection started in the spring of 2022. A total of 56 semistructured interviews were conducted with physicians and nurses. As of manuscript submission, qualitative data analysis is in progress and quantitative data collection is intended to end by February 2023. Summer and fall 2023 is the anticipated period to disseminate the results. Conclusions: Applying the “Magnet Hospital” model and the “Making it Work” framework outside urban settings will offer a novel outlook to the knowledge of professional resource shortages within OLMCs. Furthermore, this study will generate recommendations that could contribute to a more robust retention plan for physicians and registered nurses.udemauteur: Stéphanie Collin; Claire Johnson; Anik Dubé; Marie-Eve Laforest; Manon Cormie
Comparative study of the mechanical properties of woven and unidirectional fibres in discontinuous long-fibre composites
No full textDiscontinuous long-fibre (DLF) composites can be made with randomly oriented unidirectional pre-impregnated composite chips. High fibre volume fraction unidirectional fibre chips provide good mechanical properties to the DLF composite architecture, which enables this material to contribute to bridging the gap between continuous-fibre and randomly-oriented short-fibre composites. However, it is well known that unidirectional fibres have highly anisotropic in-plane behaviour, which causes weak points in the parts when chips are oriented at unfavourable angles. This can be problematic since chips are randomly oriented in DLF composites. To overcome this problem, this research utilizes woven fibre chips instead of unidirectional fibre chips to fabricate DLF composites. Woven fibres diminish the potential for weak points due to their more homogenized in-plane mechanical properties. For comparison purposes, compression moulded carbon/PEI samples were made from both unidirectional chips and 5HS woven chips. Bending and tensile tests following ASTM guidelines were performed to compare both types of fibre arrangement. The results show that woven fibre chips increase the mechanical properties of the DLF composites and reduce their variability.udemauteur: Benoit Landry; Gabriel LaPlant
Replacing executive stock options with share units: A Canadian study
No full textAre share units a better compensation tool than stock options? This paper studies the impact of a transition within the compensation structures of CEOs of companies listed on the TSX Composite Index. Specifically, we ask whether replacing options with units-based compensation reduces the volatility of these companies' stock prices while promoting better returns. Our findings show that a shift to share units reduces large-cap Canadian companies' total risk through its idiosyncratic component. This transition is also accompanied by an increase in their risk-adjusted accounting and market performance. This suggests that share units are better for compensation contracts.udemauteur: Alexandre Savoie-Comeau; Tania M. Morri
Replacing executive stock options with share units: A Canadian study
No full textLes unités d'actions sont-elles un meilleur outil de rémunération que les options d'achat d'actions? Le présent article étudie l'impact d'une transition au sein des structures de rémunération des DG de sociétés inscrites à l'indice composé TSX. Plus précisément, nous nous demandons si le remplacement des options par une rémunération à base d'unités d'actions réduit la volatilité des cours boursiers de ces sociétés tout en favorisant de meilleurs rendements. Nos résultats montrent qu'un passage aux unités d'actions réduit le risque total des sociétés canadiennes à grande capitalisation par une réduction de leur risque idiosyncrasique. Cette transition s’'accompagne également d'une augmentation de leur performance comptable et boursière ajustée en fonction du risque. Cela suggère que les unités d'actions sont meilleures pour les contrats de rémunération.udemauteur: Alexandre Savoie-Comeau; Tania M. Morri
Impact de l'environnement de travail sur le bien-être de l'infirmière: une analyse de médiation
Get PDFEn tenant compte de la pénurie de personnel infirmier mondiale, ainsi que l’impact d’une pandémie, il est important d’examiner les facteurs qui influencent le bien-être des infirmières dans leur milieu de travail. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner l’effet médiateur de deux processus, soit les soins manqués et le champ d’exercice de l’infirmière, entre l’environnement de travail, la pandémie et les résultats escomptés auprès des infirmières, notamment l’épuisement professionnel et l’intention de quitter. Cette étude corrélationnelle prédictive a été réalisée à l’aide d’un questionnaire en ligne, qui a été complétée auprès des infirmières travaillant dans le milieu hospitalier au Nouveau-Brunswick (n=419). Des analyses de médiations ont été utilisées. Les résultats ont démontré que l’environnement de travail en milieu hospitalier était malsain et que les infirmières présentaient des taux élevés d’épuisement professionnel et d’intention de l’environnement de travail et l’intention de quitter. La fatigue émotionnelle a partiellement médié la relation entre l’environnement de travail et l’intention de quitter. Cependant, les soins infirmiers manqués n’ont pas eu d’effet de médiation dans le cadre de cette étude. En conclusion, il est primordial d’améliorer l’environnement de travail des infirmières en milieu hospitalier. Des interventions doivent être mises en place pour diminuer l’épuisement professionnel ainsi qu’assurer la rétention des infirmières dans leur environnement de travail.thesis: M. Sc. Infirmière, Université de Moncton 202
Association between physical activity education and prescription during prenatal care and maternal and fetal health outcomes: A quasi-experimental study
No full textBackground: Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy is associated with healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) and a reduced risk of developing gestational diabetes (GD), gestational hypertension (GHT) and fetal macrosomia. However, in Canada, less than 20% of pregnant women meet PA recommendations. This study assessed associations between an intervention including PA education by prenatal nurses and a PA prescription delivered by physicians and fetal and maternal outcomes. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. Two groups of women who received their prenatal care at the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital were created. In the first group, 394 pregnant women followed at the clinic received standard care. In the second group, 422 women followed at the clinic received standard care supplemented with education on the relevance of PA during pregnancy and a prescription for PA. Data for both study groups were obtained from the medical records of the mothers and their newborns. Logistic regressions were used to compare the odds of developing excessive GWG, GD, GHT, and fetal macrosomia between the two study groups. Results: The addition of PA education and PA prescription to prenatal care was associated with 29% lower odds of developing excessive GWG (adjusted odds ratios (OR) 0.71, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.51–0.99), 73% lower odds of developing GHT (0.27, 0.14–0.53), 44% lower odds of fetal macrosomia (> 4 kg) (0.56, 0.34–0.93), and 40% lower odds of being large for gestational age (0.60, 0.36–0.99). The intervention was not associated with a difference in odds of developing GD (0.48, 0.12–1.94). Conclusions: The inclusion of education and prescription of PA as part of routine prenatal care was associated with improvements in maternal and fetal health outcomes, including significantly lower odds of GWG, GHT and macrosomia.udemauteur: Pierre Godbou
Iminophosphine platinum(II) complexes containing long chain aniline derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer properties
No full textA series of iminophosphine ligands (1a-g) have been prepared from the condensation reaction of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde with aniline and aniline derivatives containing linear hydrocarbon chains of varying lengths in the para position. The corresponding platinum(II) complexes (2a-g) were synthesized by reaction of [PtCl2(η2-coe)]2 (coe = cis-cyclooctene) and two equivalents of 1a-g. Full characterization of all new ligands and platinum complexes was performed including multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as an X-ray diffraction study for compound 2d (derived from 4-hexylaniline). The cytotoxic properties of the platinum complexes against two glioma cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method were examined.udemauteur: Luc Boudreau; Pier Jr. Mori
A self-adjusting multi-objective control approach for quadrotors
No full textThe quadrotor represents a class of highly nonlinear dynamic systems and its controllability features are challenging. Hence, it serves as an ideal unmanned aerial vehicle platform to validate many artificial intelligence-based research investigations. Nonetheless, most of the offline tuning approaches devote efforts to find near optimal control gains to regulate individually the decoupled motion directions. This work adopts a multi-objective self-adjusting search mechanism to actuate the motions of a quadrotor via deciding the control gains of the interacting loops simultaneously. This algorithm employs a first order low pass filter transfer function as an accepting approach for the tunning mechanism. The proposed approach is compared with a Genetic Algorithm and another nonlinear Proportional-Integral-Derivative approach to highlight the usefulness of the proposed mechanism. It was founded that quadrotor follows the desired trajectory with a small tracking error of less than 2% in the X-Y plane and less than 1 % error tracking error in the altitude Z. Also, it is recorded that MONLTA can overcome the simulated wind disturbances of 0.1 N.m as a disturbance torque.udemauteur: Nabil Naha
Deep Learning and Support Vector Machine Algorithms Applied for Fault Detection in Electrical Power Transmission Network
No full textIn this paper, an interesting application of machine learning algorithms is presented. The main idea consists of applying both deep-learning and support vector machine supervised machine learning approaches to improve the quality and to guarantee the stability and the reliability of an electric power transmission system. These techniques are used mainly to detect, classify, and consequently locate faults in the electric power transmission network. To test the performance of the proposed techniques, the standard IEEE 14-bus power system is used. The fault free, the one fault and the multiple fault cases are investigated. Faults are applied to the IEEE 14-bus system and simulated using SimPowerSystems toolbox of Matlab. The accuracy score is used to compare the proposed techniques performances. Different results proved that studied machine learning methods made correct predictions. Nevertheless, the deep learning algorithm performances are proved while classifying all types of faults. Simulation results demonstrate that the deep learning technique can achieve an accuracy of 100% compared to the support vector machine which had an accuracy of 87%. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.udemauteur: Azeddine Kaddour
Implication des mitochondries plaquettaires dans la modulation du phénotype inflammatoire des neutrophiles humains
Get PDFLa polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PAR) est une maladie auto-immunitaire affectant principalement les articulations impliquant l’inflammation stérile. L’étiologie de la PAR est encore incertaine à ce jour, mais on sait que plusieurs types de cellules, dont les plaquettes et les neutrophiles (PMN), sont impliqués. Les PMN sont les leucolytes le plus communs en circulation, comptant 60% des leucocytes. Ils vont participer à la réaction immunitaire en reconnaissant des pathogènes ou des motifs moléculaires de dommages (DAMPs) avec leurs récepteurs de surface. Les plaquettes, typiquement connues pour leur rôle dans l’homéostasie et la coagulation, possèdent également un rôle dans la réponse immunitaire. Plus spécifiquement, lors de l’activation plaquettaire, il y a un relâchement des microvésicules plaquettaires (PMVs) dans le milieu extracellulaire. Les PMV’s possèdent trois sous-populations : les microvésicules sans mitochondries (MPs), les microvésicules contenant des mitochondries (mitoMPs) et les mitochondries fonctionnelles extracellulaires (freeMitos). Ces vésicules contiennent le cargo bioactif des plaquettes et participent à la communication intercellulaire. Un mécanisme utilisé par les PMVs est le transfert horizontal de mitochondries. Il est également connu que les PMVs vont promouvoir leur propre internalisation par les PMN avec la production de l’acide 12-hydroxyeicosatétraénoïque. Dans cette étude, les conséquences phénotypiques de l’interaction entre les PMVs et les PMN ainsi que l’interaction de la sous-population des freeMitos avec les PMN ont été étudiées. Il a été démontré que les freeMitos sont internalisés par les PMN et causent le relâchement de microvésicules de PMN avec un mécanisme calcium-dépendant impliquant la voie des calpaïnes. Une augmentation de l’expression de plusieurs gènes, notamment des gènes mitochondriaux, a été détectée. Cependant, les freeMitos n’ont pas affecté la respiration mitochondriale des PMN. Dans la deuxième partie de l’étude, les PMVs ont transféré des mitochondries, ainsi que des enzymes actifs inflammatoires aux PLB-985, une lignée cellulaire ayant un phénotype similaire aux PMN, ainsi qu’aux PMN. Le phénotype bioénergétique des PMN a été modulé par le transfert de mitochondrie, notamment au niveau d’une viabilité augmentée. De plus, une activité mitochondriale augmentée au niveau de la capacité respiratoire ainsi qu’au niveau des oxydoréductases fut détectée. Cette étude démontre que les PMVs, ainsi que la sous-population isolée de freeMitos affectent le phénotype des PMN.thesis: M. Sc. (biochimie) Université de Moncton 202