SCRIPTORIUM (Université de Moncton)
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The Birth of a Review or (How Villani Both Reinforces and Challenges Our Beliefs About Mathematics) A Review of Cédric Villani's Birth of a Theorem: A Mathematical Adventure
No full textIn the book Birth of a Theorem: A Mathematical Adventure, Cédric Villani paints a portrait of himself, from the (dare I say) obsessed mathematician who works until the wee hours of the night, to the ordinary citizen, enjoying an impressive variety of music, to the slightly odd man sporting an ornamental spider daily. From Lyon to Paris, through the despair of not being able to eat quality cheese, Villani takes us on a journey, revisiting the path that led him to win the Fields Medal. He takes us back in time and punctuates his account with anecdotes or stories of mathematicians. We recognize well-known names (Nash, Poincaré, etc.) through stories that are less well-known. He lets us in his adventure, and we jump in with both feet (e.g., see Figure 1).udemauteur: Manon LeBlan
Effets de la taille sur le comportement d'enfouissement et la maturité sexuelle de la mye commune (mya arenaria)
No full textAu Canada atlantique, la mye commune (Mya arenaria) est abondante dans les zones intertidales et subtidales peu profondes. Les habitants des régions côtières de l’est du Nouveau-Brunswick exploitent depuis longtemps les bancs de myes communes. Le Parc national du Canada Kouchibouguac est un endroit idéal pour mettre en valeur cette ressource grâce à l’étendue de ses bancs de myes. À cet effet, un régime de gestion pour la pêche myicole est en place afin d’assurer une conservation naturelle de la population, dont une taille légale de capture de 50 mm. Cependant, l’implantation d’une taille légale de capture peut potentiellement entraver la survie des myes sujettes à cette contrainte. Au cours des dernières années, des préoccupations ont émané de la communauté des pêcheurs concernant la limite de taille pour la récolte des myes, justifiant des évaluations de l’écologie de la reproduction des myes au Nouveau-Brunswick. En collaboration avec le ministère des Pêches et des Océans Canada et Parcs Canada, cette étude s’est orientée sur deux problématiques soulevées par l’industrie myicole au Nouveau-Brunswick, soit les effets de la taille sur 1) le comportement d’enfouissement des individus et 2) l’évolution de la maturité sexuelle des individus en relation avec la taille. Ces deux problématiques ont une incidence directe sur la gestion des myes. Cette étude documente le comportement d’enfouissement des myes communes (<50 mm) dans leur environnement naturel et la taille à maturité sexuelle et la période de ponte dans la population de myes communes du parc national Kouchibouguac. Cette étude, réalisée sur le terrain, a montré que la taille ne semble pas influencer la vitesse d’enfouissement chez les myes de tailles inférieures à 50 mm. Les résultats suggèrent que le comportement d’enfouissement des myes semble être induit par le mouvement de l’eau et peut être affecté par les conditions environnementales au moment de la collecte. Dans l’ensemble, les myes pêchées de taille sous-légale rejetées à la surface de sédiments submergés ont une plus grande chance de survie. Cette étude présente également une estimation de la taille à maturité sexuelle pour la population de myes communes du parc national Kouchibouguac, soit 39,7 mm et 40,7 mm pour les individus femelles et mâles respectivement, et fournit des renseignements sur l’état de la population. Cette étude soulève finalement de nouveaux éléments d’information pour répondre aux questions de l’industrie myicole et des gestionnaires de la ressource au Nouveau-Brunswick
Cognitive inhibition deficit in long COVID-19: An exploratory study
No full textBackground and objectives: An increasing number of research studies point toward the importance and prevalence of long-term neurocognitive symptoms following infection with COVID-19. Our objectives were to capture the prevalence of cognitive impairments from 1 to 16 months post-COVID-19 infection, assess the changes in neuropsychological functions over time, and identify factors that can predict long-term deficits in cognition. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted to compare four sub-samples recruited over a 16-month timeframe (1–4, 5–8, 9–12, and 13–16 months). Phone interviews were conducted at least 6 weeks after being infected by COVID-19. Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires were administered followed by standardized neurocognitive and psychological tests and health questionnaires screening cognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and autonomy. Results: Regarding general health questionnaires, 55.2% of the 134 participants had symptoms of psychiatric illness, while 21.6% of patients had moderate-to-severe anxiety or depression. Cognitive efficiency was diminished in 19.4% of our population. Executive dysfunction was screened in 56% of patients, and an impairment of cognitive flexibility and inhibition was revealed in 38.8%. Depression, hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the duration of hospital or ICU stay were associated with an inhibition deficit. The duration elapsed from the initial infection, and the neurocognitive assessment was not associated with a decrease in inhibition deficit. The prevalence of cognitive impairments, other than inhibition deficit, tended to decrease during the study period. Discussion: This study supports the extensive literature on the cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 and highlights long-lasting inhibition deficits, while other cognitive functions seemed to improve over time. The severity of infection could interact as a catalyst in the complex interplay between depression and executive functions. The absence of a relation between inhibition deficits and sociodemographic or medical factors reinforces the need for cognitive screening in all COVID-19 patients. Future research should focus on inhibition deficits longitudinally to assess the progression of this impairment.udemauteur: Jalila Jbilo
A multi-vendor multi-buyer integrated production-inventory model with greenhouse gas emissions
No full textThis paper presents an integrated production-inventory model for a two-level supply chain involving multiple vendors and buyers. The objective is to achieve a green and sustainable supply chain by considering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from production and transportation, along with a penalty scheme. The objective is to minimize the joint total cost of the supply chain and the GHG emissions by determining optimal delivery schedules and production lot sizes. To address this problem, the paper formulates it as an integer nonlinear programming model. Two metaheuristics, namely, the non-linear threshold algorithm and the simulated annealing method, are proposed to find pre-optimal solutions. Experimental comparisons are conducted with a non-commercial solver used for mixed integer nonlinear programming. The results demonstrate that the non-linear threshold algorithm outperforms simulated annealing significantly. Moreover, the findings highlight the significance of considering the cost of GHG emissions when optimizing the total cost in a scenario involving multiple vendors and buyers. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of integrating environmental considerations into supply chain optimization and provides insights into the performance of different algorithms for addressing such challenging problems.udemauteur: Nabil Naha
Space-time reflection symmetry in the Jones formalism in optics
No full textWe provide a description of the space-time reflection operator (PT) acting on the two-dimensional polarization space of light represented by the linear algebra of Jones vectors and matrices. We establish the form of a PT-symmetric Jones matrix. We present two examples of laser resonators whose polarization eigenstates are described by PT-symmetric Jones matrices: one is based on the Faraday effect and a dichroic attenuation, while the other is made of twisted anisotropic mirrors. Both possess a control parameter that experimentally covers the exact and the broken PT-symmetry regions and their boundary, called an exceptional point, where the eigenstates of the resonator coalesce into a single state. The exact PT-symmetric region produces laser polarization modes emitting at the same frequency with different intracavity losses, while the broken PT-symmetric region features polarization modes emitting at distinct frequencies with the same intracavity losses. By applying unitary transformations, the concept of a PT-symmetric Jones matrix is extended to matrices that commute with any antiunitary operator, thereby opening the prospect of a larger family of resonator geometries that also feature real or complex-conjugate spectra.udemauteur: Jean-François Bisso
Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Dependent Datasets
No full textIntensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves of precipitation are a reference decision support tool used in hydrology. They allow the estimation of extreme precipitation and its return periods. Typically, IDF curves are estimated using univariate frequency analysis of the maximum annual intensities of precipitation for different durations. It is then assumed that the annual maxima of different durations are independent to simplify the parameter estimation. This strong hypothesis is not always verified for every climatic region. This study examines the effects of the independence hypothesis by proposing a multivariate model that considers the dependencies between precipitation intensities of different durations. The multivariate model uses D-vine copulas to explore the intraduration dependencies. The generalized extreme values distribution (GEV) is considered a marginal model that fits a wide range of tail behaviors. An illustration of the proposed approach is made for historical data from Moncton, in the province of New Brunswick (Eastern Canada), with climatic projections made through three scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP).udemauteur: Salah-Eddine El Adloun
Functional and Bioactive Properties of Wheat Protein Fractions: Impact of Digestive Enzymes on Antioxidant, α-Amylase, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Potential
No full textThis research aimed to determine the biofunctional properties of wheat flour (WF) protein fractions and modifications to the antioxidant, anti-α-amylase and anti-angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activities induced by the action of digestive endopeptidases in vitro. A molecular characterization of the most abundant protein fractions, i.e., albumins, glutelins-1, glutelins-2 and prolamins, showed that low- and high-MW polypeptides rich in cysteine, glutamic acid and leucine were present in albumins and glutelins, whereas low-MW subunits with a high proportion of polar amino acids prevailed in prolamins. Prolamins exhibited the second-highest water holding capacity (54%) after WF (84%), while albumins provided superior foam stability (76%). Prolamins, glutenins-1 and globulins demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (up to 95%, 68% and 59%, respectively) both before and after hydrolysis with pepsin (P-H) or trypsin–chymotrypsin (TC-H). Prolamins, globulins and WF strongly inhibited α-amylase (>90%) before and after TC-H, and before P-H (55–71%). Moreover, P-H significantly increased α-amylase inhibition by albumins from 53 to 74%. The fractions with strong ACE inhibitory activity (70–89%) included prolamins and globulins after TC-H or P-H, as well as globulins before TC-H and WF before P-H. This novel evidence indicates that WF protein fractions and their peptide-enriched P and TC hydrolysates are excellent sources of multifunctional bioactives with antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive potential.udemauteur: Carole Tranchan
Regulation of Cdh2 by the AP-1 family transcription factor Junb in TM4 Sertoli cells
No full textCadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and various cellular processes. In Sertoli cells of the testis, Cdh2 contributes to the development of the testis and the formation of the blood-testis barrier, being essential for germ cells' protection. Analyses of chromatin accessibility and epigenetic marks in adult mouse testis have shown that the region from −800 to +900 bp respective to Cdh2 transcription start site (TSS) is likely the active regulatory region of this gene. In addition, the JASPAR 2022 matrix has predicted an AP-1 binding element at about −600 bp. Transcription factors of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family have been implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes encoding cell-to-cell interaction proteins such as Gja1, Nectin2 and Cdh3. To test the potential regulation of Cdh2 by members of the AP-1 family, siRNAs were transfected into TM4 Sertoli cells. The knockdown of Junb led to a decrease in Cdh2 expression. ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays with site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the recruitment of Junb to several AP-1 regulatory elements in the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter in TM4 cells. Further investigation with luciferase reporter assays showed that other AP-1 members can also activate the Cdh2 promoter albeit to a lesser extent than Junb. Taken together, these data suggest that in TM4 Sertoli cells, Junb is responsible for the regulation of Cdh2 expression which requires its recruitment to the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter.udemauteur: Ha Tuyen Nguyen; Luc Marti
Low Power Blockchain in Industry 4.0 Case Study: Water Management in Tunisia
No full textIndustry has undergone, during this decade, significant technological changes and improvements. The industrial sector is further moving towards IIoT (Industrial IoT) and Industry 4.0. Security and data reliability are IoT limitations that can be overcome using the Blockchain technology. In this work, the integration of blockchain in Industry 4.0 is presented. We develop a new platform based on artificial intelligence and smart contracts to monitor and track water consumption in Tunisia. A secure multiservice solution for water management is proposed. Water service providers and customers will be able to benefit from such services as consumption monitoring, traceability, security, water leak detection, visualization of water consumption and drinking water coverage. This approach allows reinforcing the trust and security among the different stakeholders.udemauteur: Habib Hama
Cohousing communities and social determinants of health in later life: A scoping review protocol
No full textObjective: The objective of this scoping review is to chart the extent and type of literature available worldwide on cohousing communities and older adults' social determinants of health, to identify and categorize key evidence on this topic, and to highlight gaps to guide further research. Introduction: The rapidly aging population in many industrialized countries has precipitated the development of housing alternatives, such as cohousing communities, to better address older adults' housing and social needs. There is mounting evidence that living in a cohousing community has many positive outcomes for this population; however, the scope and size of this body of research are unknown. Inclusion criteria: This review will assess studies conducted in all countries and territories focusing on people aged 60 and older living in cohousing communities. It will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies published from 1960 to 2022. Methods: The databases to be searched are APA PsycArticles (EBSCO), Cairn.info, Campbell Collaboration, CINAHL (EBSCO), Érudit, Google Scholar, JBI, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, Scopus, Science Direct (Elsevier), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (ProQuest). Two independent reviewers will review the titles and abstracts of potential studies against the inclusion criteria for the review followed by an assessment of the full text of selected citations. Data will then be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. The findings will be presented graphically and include tables with a narrative summary organized by relevant geographic areas.udemauteur: Mario Paris; Suzanne Dupuis-Blanchar