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Security and Privacy of Contact Tracing Protocols for COVID-19
No full textContact tracing is a way to track people who have been in contact with infected patients of COVID-19 and thereby effective control is achieved. Various countries have developed their own contact tracing applications which deploy the same or different protocol. It is of utmost importance to improve public awareness on the potential hidden risks of the respective protocols and applications and instill user confidence. The purpose of this research is to study the security and privacy of the existing contact tracing protocols to ensure that the security and privacy of users can be guaranteed. The protocols used by the applications include DP-3T protocol, TCN protocol, PEPP-PT protocol and BlueTrace protocol. The architecture of the protocols can be classified into centralised and decentralised architectures. In addition, the contact tracing applications in seven selected countries will be briefly analysed and compared. Some common user concerns are also outlined.
Manuscript Received: 10 January 2022, Accepted: 13 February 2022, Published: 15 March 202
A Cost Efficient Contactless IoT based Body Temperature Detection System
No full textIn the recent outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, various methods has been adopted to prevent and control the wide spread of pandemic. One of the commonly used method is by detecting the body temperature. This is to isolate those obtained higher body temperature who are possibly infected with the virus. Body temperature detection device is commonly deployed at the entrance of merchants for this purpose. However if one person is detected in one merchant with higher body temperature, this information is not bundled with his/her identity information. Therefore his/her entranced to other merchants are not linked and warned, and causing a possible spread of pandemic if other customers who appeared in the same premises are not being notified. In this work, an IoT based body temperature detection system is developed. In this system, the body temperature data is obtained and sent to the internet cloud together with the identity information of that person. This allow easy tracking of the potential virus infected person. The collected data can be further analysed using online analysis tool. Furthermore, the identity information is obtained using QR code which eliminate the ordinary procedure of writing personal data into logbook. The QR code method is contactless and able to avoid the infection of virus through the contact of pen and logbook. This system is developed with low-cost material and is affordable for small merchants.
Manuscript Received: 19 May 2022, Accepted: 24 July 2022, Published: 15 September 2022, ORCiD: 0000-0001-5226-683
Double Bona Fide: Good or Bad? The Conundrum after Kamarulzaman bin Omar v Yakub bin Husin
No full textThe concept of indefeasibility of title or interest of land is one of the core concepts in the Malaysian Torrens System, stipulated in section 340 of the National Land Code (Revised 2020). All registered title or interest over the land shall be guaranteed and remain unchallengeable against the whole world in the absence of fraud or other vitiating factors statutorily specified or judicially laid down. The debate of whether Malaysia recognised immediate indefeasibility or deferred indefeasibility has been settled by the Federal Court in the case of Tan Ying Hong v Tan Sian Sang & Ors since 2010. Nevertheless, the concept of deferred indefeasibility seems to be extended by the Federal Court in Kamarulzaman, which imposed a requirement of double bona fide. In essence, the court stated that for a purchaser to be regarded as an immediate purchaser, he must be a bona fide purchaser for value so that the purchaser following him could be a subsequent purchaser protected by the proviso of section 340(3) of the National Land Code provided he acted in bona fide with valuable consideration
Consumers' Intention to Continue Using Cryptocurrency Mobile Wallets in Malaysia: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2022.3.2.1
No full textIn Malaysia, over RM 800 million transactions were processed in one cryptocurrency platform. The central bank of Malaysia has made e-payment one of its top targets to execute a cashless payment system. However, an in-depth analysis of the literature shows a dearth of research focusing on the influencers of cryptocurrency mobile wallet acceptance, especially the intention to use them continuously. Therefore, this study uses the Post-Acceptance Model of IS Continuance to determine the elements influencing the continuance intention of cryptocurrency mobile wallets in Malaysia. This research also investigates the impact of perceived security, effort expectations, and social influence on the intention to continue the usage of cryptocurrency mobile wallets. The empirical evidence from 106 current cryptocurrency respondents shows that: (1) perceived security and satisfaction are significant factors of continuance intention, and (2) performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence are insignificant factors of continuance intention. It reveals perceived security as one of the critical elements in continuance intention in the cryptocurrency field
The peculiar case of property rights in legal clauses
No full textDespite the tremendous value in well-written legal clauses, legal clauses enjoy little property rights protection under intellectual property law such as copyright. For example, in most jurisdictions, legislation is excluded from copyright protection. And even if they are technically covered under crown copyright as in the United Kingdom, licensing requirements may be waived and there is no legal repercussion for reusing partly or wholly such legal documents. Even in drafting legal agreements, lawyers tend to reuse clauses from templates and precedents. Commonly, sharing of such legal clauses is the norm rather than the exception. This article examines the relevant copyright law in the United Kingdom, the United States and Malaysia on this subject matter. It then looks at the economic justification for the lack of property rights recognition in legal clauses, such as efficiency and public goods argument. High transaction costs may partially account for the absence of property rights, but other economic considerations such as network effect may also be at play
Vasanta a/l Amarasekera v PP: Extending the Debate on Whether Statements Made by Witnesses to Police are Considered Absolutely Privileged
No full textThe High Court in Vasanta a/l Amarasekera v PP has decided that an accused person can be supplied with statements made by witnesses to the police during the investigation process, who are not called by the prosecution and subsequently offered to the defence. The importance of this case is that the High Court has the benefit of analysing two recent conflicting decisions of the Court of Appeal on this issue. First, the Court of Appeal’s decision in Siti Aisyah v PP in 2019 which ruled that the statements are not absolutely privileged. In so doing, the Court did not follow the earlier decision of the Federal Court in Husdi v PP in 1980, which declared the statements as absolutely privileged. The second is the Court of Appeal’s decision in 2022 in the case of Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Hj Abd Razak v PP where it stated that it is bound by the decision of the Federal Court in Husdi’s case. This case commentary critically analyses the rationale behind the High Court’s decision in following Siti Aisyah’s case, thus, making it as a new addition to the list of recent Malaysian courts which have decided that such statements are not absolutely privileged
Influence of Cultural Dimensions on Intercultural Communication Styles: Ethnicity in a Moderating Role
No full textIn a culturally varied context where managing and coordinating communication with people from various backgrounds is the greatest challenge, effective intercultural communication is even more important. It is critical for professionals and practitioners to comprehend the nuances and complexity of communication and develop competencies in this area. As a result, the importance of intercultural communication styles cannot be more emphasised, as it is a critical component of the current global and dynamic phenomenon in Malaysian workplaces. However, studies in this field are scarce, particularly in a multicultural country like Malaysia. The interaction between the determinants of cultural dimensions on intercultural communication styles variables among employees in Malaysian workplaces from various cultures and social demography is investigated in this study. The data analysis will be undertaken using SMART-PLS for generating the structural equation modelling employing data obtained from 400 practitioners via a self-administered survey questionnaire. The probability sampling technique of simple random sampling will be used for data analysis. The findings will provide insight into industry expectations and the professional skills needed to equip them for careers in typical culturally diverse situations. The findings will reveal if cultural dimension factors have a direct and statistically significant impact on intercultural communication styles. Theoretical and practical significance on the stakeholders is discussed
Backup Automation Using Power Automate for Malaysian Vaccination Centres
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic has tested the world, especially the vaccine centres when it comes to logistics, maintenance of records, and issuing of vaccination certifications. The Malaysian vaccination centres (PPVs) known as Pusat Pemberian Vaksin in Malaysia have a secure, and reliable system to maintain records of who has been vaccinated and when. No system is fully secure and reliable, thus there needs to be a backup if anything happens to the records like data loss or tampering of records. Although the information flow is simplified using the MySejahtera app and scanning of QR codes, there is no contingency prepared should the system go offline at PPVs. Therefore, this PPV Backup Automation solution was commissioned to transfer local records using spreadsheet programs from PPVs that recorded patient data manually and to feed them directly into the Malaysian Vaccination Administration Services (MyVAS) servers once they come online in batch processing mode. Microsoft’s Power Automate Desktop software was used to automate this process, saving manpower time of entering information from the spreadsheet to the webform one by one. We highlight some alternative technologies for automation, discuss some challenges encountered and future work to improve the system as well
Harmonious Construction or Judicial Disobedience of Stare Decisis? Suraini Kempe & Ors v Kerajaan Malaysia & Ors
No full textIn Suraini Kempe & Ors v Kerajaan Malaysia & Ors, the High Court ruled, on a harmonious construction of the relevant constitutional provisions on citizenship and equality before the law, the word ‘father’ in Article 14(1)(b), read together with section 1(c) of Part II of the Second Schedule of the Federal Constitution includes the mother of the children born out of Malaysia, and therefore declared, among others, that children born out of Malaysia, to mothers who are Malaysian citizens, are entitled to citizenship by operation of law if all the procedures to those followed by the father are adhered to. A harmonious construction is one where two provisions of the Constitution bearing upon the same subject are read together and so interpreted as to give meaning and effect to, and not render, the provision of the Constitution as otiose or nugatory. Curiously, the learned judge avoided referring to a recent Federal Court decision which ruled there was no necessity to adopt any other requirement to construe the constitutional provisions. The decision, albeit by a majority, is binding on the learned judge. This case comment argues that the learned judge disregarded and disobeyed the well-entrenched doctrine of stare decisis
