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THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY COVID-19 VACCINATION POLICY IN INDONESIA: LEGAL AND BIOETHICS PERSPECTIVES
No full textThe Indonesian government has made significant efforts to provide vaccines as a solution to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. However, while some individuals have received the vaccine, others have refused due to fear and doubts about its safety and halal status. The implementation of a policy mandating COVID-19 vaccination by the government has both advantages and disadvantages. According to the policy, individuals who refuse to vaccinate will face administrative and criminal sanctions. Therefore, this research aims to provide a summary of the mandatory COVID-19 immunization policy, particularly in Indonesia, from both a legal and bioethical perspective. A legal approach and normative bioethical principles were used to analyze applicable legal norms and bioethical principles, utilizing literature research. Legal materials included Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and Article 34 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Meanwhile, the source of bioethical data used was the Universal Declaration of Bioethical and Human Rights. Instead of implementing a mandatory vaccination policy containing elements of criminal sanctions, the government should actively engage with the community and analyze why there are still doubts regarding COVID-19 vaccination. This would be a more effective and humane strategy for providing health protection. A mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy should be based on a comprehensive strategy and ongoing efforts, taking into account legal and bioethical aspects
WAQF LAND DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIVATE TAHFIZ SCHOOLS IN THE STATE OF PERLIS, MALAYSIA: PROCEDURES AND ADVANTAGES
No full textWaqf is a state matter subject to state laws, given the position of the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) as the ‘sole trustee’ of waqf properties in their respective states. In legal terms, any party that intends to apply waqf and any waqf activities established in Private Tahfiz Schools (PTS) requires the permission of the SIRC. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the legal procedures for developing PTS on waqf land in Perlis, Malaysia, including the advantages of acquiring the permission of Perlis Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIPs). The qualitative research methodology was applied in this research, which featured the doctrinal approach in examining state enactments, past studies, and semi-structured interviews involving several respondents who had extensive experiences with the subject under study. Subsequently, analysis was conducted on the collected data through the content analysis technique. The implications from this research offer numerous advantages for PTS in Perlis to ensure its sustainability. This study offers a clear understanding to individuals who intend to implement waqf in their PTS in Perlis, Malaysia
ENHANCING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR INDONESIA
No full textThe concept of “sustainable public procurement” has emerged worldwide. It instructs governments to prioritize sustainability throughout the procurement process in the economic, social, and environmental aspects. Such a concept is significant as the government has an enormous purchasing power to stimulate the market. Nonetheless, past empirical research indicates that in the context of Indonesia, the country has not addressed several vital issues on sustainable public procurement despite the worsening environmental degradation. There have been no specific guidelines and capacitybuilding system established for government officers. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss this problem from the perspective of law and suggest the necessary improvements in the legal framework, utilizing normative legal research methods focusing on the applicable laws. Through a comparative approach, using statutes and conceptual frameworks, this study examines the Indonesian current legal instruments governing sustainable public procurement. Several other countries will be used as exemplars of best practices. This research finds that the legal framework of sustainable public procurement in Indonesia is relatively inadequate compared to other countries, particularly regarding guidelines for implementation and institutional cooperation. In addition to its Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021, Indonesia should strengthen the planning, monitoring, and enforcement mechanisms through strategic overarching plans and further regulations to foster the effective implementation of a system of sustainable public procurement.
PENGUATKUASAAN PEMATUHAN PERUNDANGAN BERKAITAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN DI SEKTOR PEMBINAAN (Enforcement of Occupational Safety and Health related Legal’s Compliances in Construction Sector)
No full textDalam konteks tempat kerja, sektor binaan menyumbang kepada kes kemalangan maut tertinggi di Malaysia. Pematuhan terhadap perundangan berkaitan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) adalah penting bagi memastikan pekerja di tapak binaan selamat dan sihat. Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994 (OSHA 1994) dan Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 (FMA 1967) yang dikuatkuasakan oleh Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (DOSH) memperuntukkan tanggungjawab para majikan dalam memastikan keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan para pekerja mereka, termasuk yang di tapak binaan. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengetengahkan analisis penguatkuasaan bagi pematuhan perundangan KKP oleh DOSH terhadap sektor binaan di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kajian penerokaan melalui kaedah menganalisis data sekunder berkaitan yang diperoleh daripada DOSH.Hasil analisis data-data tersebut menunjukkan DOSH memfokuskan pendekatan progresif dengan mengeluarkan notis bagi ketidakpatuhan yang ditemui. Analisis data juga mendapati DOSH menumpukan tindakan punitif berkaitan OSHA 1994 yang mempunyai skop lebih luas berbanding dengan FMA 1967 yang tertumpu pada keselamatan berkaitan jentera. Dapatan kajian menemukan tindakan punitif yang dikenakan pada majikan di sektor pembinaan atas kesalahan-kesalahan, seperti pengendalian perancah yang tidak selamat, keselamatan elektrik yang terabai dan kegagalan mematuhi prosedur bekerja di tempat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan kemalangan. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa DOSH perlu melaksanakan penguatkuasaan secara progresif dan punitif secara seimbang bagi meningkatkan kepatuhan kepada KKP di sektor binaan dan seterusnya mencegah kemalangan. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada akademia dengan menyediakan bukti emperikal tentang statistik penguatkuasaan perundangan berkaitan KKP yang sangat terhad. Selain itu, kajian ini juga boleh menjadi rujukan oleh DOSH dalam merangka strategi yang lebih berkesan demi mengurangkan kemalangan maut di sektor binaan.
Abstract
In the context of the workplace, the construction sector contributes to the highest fatality rates in Malaysia. Compliance with occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation is crucial to ensure the safety and health of workers on construction sites. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) and the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967), enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), stipulate the responsibilities of employers in ensuring the safety, health, and welfare of their workers, including those in the construction industry. The objective of this study is to analyze the enforcement of OSH compliance by DOSH in the construction sector in Malaysia. This study is an exploratory research that involves the analysis of relevant secondary data obtained from DOSH. Furthermore, interviews with senior DOSH officials related to this matter were conducted to obtain detailed explanations about the legislative actions taken. The analysis of the data indicates that DOSH adopts a progressive approach by issuing notices for non- compliance. The data analysis also reveals that DOSH focuses on punitive actions related to OSHA 1994, which has a broader scope compared to FMA 1967, which focuses on machinery-related safety. The study findings identify punitive actions taken against construction sector employers for offenses such as unsafe scaffolding, neglected electrical safety, and failure to adhere to work procedures at heights, resulting in accidents. This study suggests that DOSH should implement a balanced, progressive, and punitive enforcement approach to enhance compliance with OSH in the construction sector and ultimately prevent accidents. The study has implications for academia by providing empirical evidence of the limited statistics on OSH enforcement. Additionally, this study can serve as a reference for DOSH in formulating more effective strategies to reduce fatal accidents in the construction sector.
Keywords: Occupational safety and health (OSH), compliance, enforcement, construction
BUILDING A FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTION EDUCATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textThis paper presents a framework for educating university students on political issues during elections, with a specific focus on the impact of the Undi18 campaign. This campaign enables 18-year-olds to vote or contest in elections and has had a significant effect on the democratic landscape in Malaysia, as evidenced by its implementation during the PRU-15 election. The framework comprises two critical components: (1) evaluating university students’ perspectives on elections in Malaysia, and (2) measuring the extent of university students’ knowledge about political issues during elections. The framework has been developed by reviewing the current literature on election education and is intended to be adaptable for use in various educational contexts and by instructors from different fields. The aim is to enhance the level of political awareness and engagement among university students and to promote the strengthening of democratic processes
REVISITING WEAK-FORM EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR SECTORS OF MALAYSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PERIOD
No full textThere are plenty of literature on the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) especially for a stock market, but relatively fewer studies for across sectors. We look into the weak-form informational efficiency for twelve sectors in the Malaysia’s stock exchange, i.e. Consumer Products & Services (KLCSU), Construction (KLCON), Energy (KLENG), Financial Services (KLFIN), Health Care (KLHEAL), Industrial Products & Services (KLPRO), Property (KLPRP), Plantation (KLPLN), Transportation & Logistics (KLTRAN), Telecommunications & Media (KLTEL), Utilities (KLUTL), and Technology (KLTEC) during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. We use QTEST (without trend) and TQTEST (with trend) which incorporate two structural breaks to carry out the analysis. Data are collected from 1/1/2020 through 31/3/2022. These indices show non-linearity and structural breaks in data. The findings of our study suggest mixed results in regard to informational efficiency when breaks are taken. Four indices, i.e. KLCON, KLFIN, KLPRP, and KLUTL are found to be inefficient while the remaining eight sectors are found to be efficient. Investors can predict the movements of stocks in the inefficient indices and are able to gain abnormal returns from these stocks. Policymakers may encourage investors to have more trades; so that to make the market more efficient by gradually eliminating the opportunities on earning abnormal returns
The ROLE OF eWOM, FACILITIES, AND EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING TOWARDS REVISIT INTENTION THROUGH TOURISM SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN LEDOK SAMBI, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of eWOM, facilities, and experiential marketing on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample used was tourists who visited Ledok Sambi in Sleman, Yogyakarta with a total sample of 100 respondents. The data collection method uses questionnaires with accidental sampling techniques, while data analysis techniques use inferential analysis consisting of indicator tests, fit model tests, hypothesis tests, and path analysis with the help of smart pls 3.2.9 analysis tools. The results of the study showed that eWOM does not affect tourist satisfaction, facilities have a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, experiential marketing has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, eWOM has no effect on revisit intention, facilities do not affect revisit intention, experiential marketing does not affect revisit intention, tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between eWOM and revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between facilities and revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between experiential marketing and revisit intention. The results of this study are expected to be a reference and input for managers to improve what factors can increase satisfaction and revisit intention for tourists and can be used as a reference for further research
FORECASTING RAINFALL VOLUME IN SELANGOR WITH A COMBINED ARIMA MODEL
No full textFlash flood is the most hazardous type of flooding, mainly caused by extensive rainfall. It also can cause significant harm to a community’s economy, ecology, and society without warning at an irrational pace. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the time series element within the rainfall data, select the optimal model, and make predictions about the volume of rainfall in Selangor. A variety of univariate time series models were utilized, including the naïve model, decomposition model, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, exponential models, and combined models. Historical monthly rainfall data collected from Petaling station and Subang station from 2018 to 2022 were used to estimate the parameters of the models, and the model was evaluated for the smallest error of measurements. Previous research mostly focused on complex methodologies for forecasting rainfall. However, this research aimed to identify a simple tool for fast prediction of rainfall. The results showed that the combination of the ARIMA (2,0,3) model from Petaling Station and the ARIMA (4,0,4) model from Subang station were able to capture the trends and seasons in the time series with the lowest error of measurement on short-term predictions of rainfall volume. Furthermore, the study delves into the concept of combined time series models, which are blended using weighted performance measures to enhance prediction accuracy further. The research acknowledges certain limitations of univariate time series models, notably their inability to account for intricate interactions among environmental variables and potential long-term trends, such as those stemming from climate change. Overall, the study explores the potential of combining models to refine predictions for forecasting rainfall volume in Klang Valley
EXPLORING THE EFFICACY OF DIGITAL MEME MARKETING CAMPAIGNS IN GENERATING LEADS WITHIN THE GENERATION Z DEMOGRAPHIC
No full textQuite recently, marketers have used memes because they entice customers’ attention. It serves as a means to have a dialogue between customers and companies. Some companies would even hire people to browse the internet for relevant memes. The emergence of Generation Z, who are digital natives, has brought significant changes to how businesses interact with their target audience. One potential strategy is to use digital memes as a marketing tool to engage them. The study, using 271 respondents, investigates the use of the aforementioned tool to determine its appropriateness in lead generation based on the Attention, Interest, Desire, Action (AIDA) model. Using the software Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS), a descriptive exploratory design using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the relationship between the different variables in the study. The findings show that attention impacts interest, interest influences desire, and desire significantly affects action at a significance level of p < 0.01. The study revealed that Digital memes are an effective tool that can be utilized to generate leads. Businesses can use digital memes to engage with the Generation Z segment. However, prudence in creating memes must align the message with corporate values and be relevant to the target audience
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW PATIENT APPOINTMENT SCHEDULING SYSTEM AT ADUSTECH WUDIL: AN EVALUATION OF USER SATISFACTION AND SYSTEM IMPACT
No full textGlobally, the healthcare sector is the pivot and integral part of human lives. Any error committed in the clinic services might lead to defects or the termination of life. In the rapidly evolving field of healthcare, efficient and accessible appointment scheduling plays a crucial role in ensuring timely and quality care for patients. This article is centered around creating a Patient Appointment Scheduling System, with a focus on handling registration and management, as well as managing bookings or making appointments and scheduling sessions at Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil (ADUSTECH Wudil). Identification of the drawbacks of the existing traditional system leads to the design of a computerized system, which is more user-friendly and GUI-oriented. HTML, PHP, CSS, JavaScript, and MySQL were used for the development. Note that performance was improved to 92% from using the traditional system. Similarly, the productivity of participants increased to 90%. Furthermore, the waiting time for patients to be attended was enhanced to 90% in the proposed system