UUM e-journals System (Universiti Utara Malaysia)
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DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND CROSS-ORGANIZATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY IN ELECTRONIC-BASED GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS
No full textDigital transformation in government is reshaping the way public institutions deliver services, manage data, and interact with citizens. In Indonesia, the push toward an integrated electronic government system has been hindered by fragmented institutional behaviors and limited interoperability across ministries. This study addresses the gap by analyzing how organizational structures and interministerial dynamics affect system integration within Indonesia’s national digital governance framework. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative strategies. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis to explore institutional behaviors and coordination mechanisms. Quantitatively, interoperability maturity was measured across four dimensions: technical, semantic, organizational, and legal, using network analysis mapping to visualize interministerial relationships and data exchange structures. The study focuses on three key ministries: The Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Bureaucratic Reform, and the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology. Findings reveal asymmetries in the maturity of interoperability among ministries. While legal and organizational dimensions show moderate alignment, semantic and technical interoperability remain underdeveloped. The Ministry of Communication and Information leads in technical and semantic areas, whereas the Ministry of Home Affairs demonstrates weaker integration. These disparities reflect autopoietic tendencies where ministries operate through self-referential logic, hindering systemic coordination. Interview data support the presence of loose coupling, symbolic compliance, and institutional path dependency that obstruct integration efforts. The research integrates systems theory and institutional theory to argue that digital transformation requires structural coupling between autonomous government systems. Without shared standards, semantic alignment, and cross-sectoral governance mechanisms, integration efforts risk being superficial. The study proposes the establishment of a National Interoperability Council to facilitate coordinated digital governance, mediate inter-agency challenges, and foster accountability. These findings offer both theoretical contributions and policy recommendations for building a more responsive and integrated digital government in Indonesia
ORGANIZATIONAL INCLUSIVENESS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TRENDS AND GAPS
No full textThis research aimed to present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scholarly landscape on organizational inclusiveness across disciplines. Thematic structures, intellectual networks, and geographic trends were mapped using VOSviewer considering 1,308 open-access articles indexed in Scopus from 1988 to 2025. The results showed that there was a sharp increase in publications after 2020 driven by technological advancements, market pressures, and a growing global commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The five main thematic clusters identified were inclusive pedagogy, social justice, organizational governance, digital transformation, and mental well-being. The analysis also reported the dominance of research from Global North and the low contribution from the South. Several research focused on the corporate and education sectors, with limited attention to non-profit, community, and value-based organizations. A future analysis agenda was proposed to address conceptual fragmentation, geographic disparities, and developing issues, including intersectionality, belonging, and institutional transformation. The results contributed to building a more inclusive and contextual understanding of organizational practices
Exploring teachers’ perspectives of competency-based education: A case study of Yala 2 district, Thailand
No full textThis study investigates teachers’ perspectives on Competency-Based Education (CBE) in Yala 2 District, Thailand, focusing on their understanding, instructional practices, and the challenges they face during its implementation. Using qualitative case study design, data were collected through semistructured interviews, and document analysis. Findings revealed that while teachers recognized CBE’s potential to enhance critical thinking and real-world skills, they faced significant barriers including heavy workloads, limited resources, and unclear assessment frameworks. Even though Yala 2 teachers employed student-centred strategies such as hands-on activities and technology integration, they still require greater support through targeted training, policy clarification, and resource allocation to ensure success of CBE. The study concludes that while CBE offers transformative benefits, systemic challenges must be addressed to achieve its full potential, particularly in rural and under-resourced areas. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers to create more equitable and effective CBE implementation strategies
Assessing the Impact of Fintech on Financial Inclusion in Algeria: An Analysis of Digital Financial Transformation Indicators (2016-2022)
No full textThis research examines the correlation between financial inclusion and financial technology (fintech), particularly emphasizing how fintech can expedite the digital financial transformation in Algeria. This research examines how individuals and institutions are able to access financial products and services, contributing to broader economic development. The study covers the period from 2016 to 2022, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and incorporating the deductive method for analyzing economic data derived from official statistics and World Bank reports. According to the World Bank data, the adoption of fintech is slowing down due to the deficiency in financial knowledge of the Algerian banking system. According to World Bank data, the results indicate that Algeria is making slow progress in implementing fintech solutions to enhance financial inclusion. This stagnation is attributed to low financial literacy levels and the underdeveloped banking system. The originality of this paper lies in its focus on the intersection between fintech adoption and financial inclusion in the Algerian context, a relatively underexplored area. The study affirms the need to accelerate the digitization of financial and banking services in Algeria by promoting fintech products, improving software infrastructure, and enhancing network readiness indicators. The research concludes with recommendations for policymakers to improve digital financial literacy and foster innovation in banking technologies to achieve broader financial inclusion
A Robust Cumulative Sum for Monitoring High-Risk Stock in Malaysia
No full textThis study analyzes stock price fluctuations and develops a robust monitoring approach for high-risk stocks. It identifies key factors influencing stock price volatility, constructs a median CUSUM control chart as an alternative to the mean CUSUM chart, which requires a normality assumption unsuitable for stock price data, and compares the median CUSUM chart’s performance during and after COVID-19. A Fishbone diagram is used to determine factors contributing to stock price fluctuations, while a risk matrix helps identify high-risk stocks. The median CUSUM control chart is then applied to monitor stock performance, focusing on FINTEC Global Berhad. Findings indicate that during and after COVID-19, FINTEC’s stock performance declined due to financial management challenges that affected investor sentiment. The study highlights the effectiveness of the median CUSUM chart in detecting small shifts in stock fluctuations compared to the mean CUSUM chart. This approach provides a more reliable framework for monitoring stock risk and volatility. By integrating quality tools such as the Fishbone diagram and risk matrix, this study enhances risk assessment strategies in financial market analysis, offering valuable insights for investors and analysts navigating uncertain market conditions
Transitivity analysis of processes on batik junior high-school student’s narrative texts: Systemic functional linguistics approach: (Proses transitiviti dalam teks naratif oleh pelajar Sekolah Menengah Atas Batik: Satu analisis linguistik fungsian sistemik)
No full textThis research focuses on the transitivity analysis of Batik JHS student’s narrative texts. Additionally, this research attempts to analyze whether the students follow the rules for constructing a narrative text. Apart from that, this research also involves an analysis of staging on the student’s narrative texts. The narrative texts used in this research are only those that have orientation, complication, evaluation, and resolution stages, so there are 10 texts in total with 142 data of transitivity. Thus, this research can see the order of the texts and the processes used for connecting one existence to another. This research is descriptive-qualitative research with systemic functional linguistics approach. The data come from the student’s narrative texts while the data themselves are the clauses from each stage of the text. This research uses domain, taxonomic, componential, and cultural theme analysis as what Spradley suggests. The findings show that the process which has the most processes is the complication stage. Also, the process that is exploited by Batik JHS students is a material process. Lastly, this research concludes that students use material processes to connect an existence to another existence in simple clauses. Finally, this research contributes to linguistics research that analyze the outcome of English language teaching in a junior high school
EVALUATING PERCEIVED IMMERSIVENESS IN A SELF-COMPETITION VR CYCLING EXERGAME POST-PROTOTYPING ENHANCEMENTS
No full textVirtual Reality (VR) cycling exergames have gained attention for promoting physical activity through immersive environments. However, the sense of player immersiveness, defined as how engaged and present users feel, remains underexplored, particularly following iterative prototype refinements. This study evaluates perceived immersiveness in a self-competition VR cycling exergame enhanced based on prior pilot feedback. A total of 51 healthy participants, aged 21 to 39, experienced a standardized gameplay session using the improved prototype. Immediately after, they rated their immersion using a 10-point Likert type scale and responded to open-ended questions regarding their experience. Results revealed a high average immersion score (mean = 8.37), with most responses clustered at 8 and 9. Qualitative feedback highlighted visual fidelity, system responsiveness, and adaptive feedback as key factors enhancing immersion. Participants also expressed enjoyment and motivation influenced by the self-competition feature. Unlike prior studies that primarily assessed motivation or usability, this work provides one of the first quantitative measures of perceived immersion following system refinement. The findings offer practical implications for VR fitness developers, particularly in designing self-competition mechanics and responsive feedback systems to sustain user motivation and engagement. These findings indicate that personalized feedback and competitive mechanics can significantly enhance user immersion in VR exergames. This study contributes new evidence to the literature and provides actionable insights for future applications of VR exergames in health, fitness, and rehabilitation contexts
USER ACCEPTANCE OF MATH PEAK: A GAME-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING TOOL FOR YEAR 2 CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
No full textThis study investigates the user acceptance of MATH PEAK, a game-based mathematics learning application designed for Year 2 children with special educational needs. MATH PEAK integrates computational thinking principles and inclusive design to support mathematics learning for diverse learners. The application features accessible interfaces, role-playing game elements, adaptive difficulty, and curriculum-aligned content mapped to the Malaysian Special Education syllabus. A quantitative research design was employed with a purposive sample of 20 Year 2 special education students from a government primary school. The adapted Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use (USE) Questionnaire was reconstructed for young learners using a smiley-based Likert scale (happy = 3, neutral = 2, sad = 1) to assess four constructs: perceived usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. Data collection included a two-week classroom integration phase, with teachers facilitating hands-on exploration of the app before survey administration. Findings revealed consistently high mean scores across constructs: usefulness (2.92), ease of use (2.90), ease of learning (2.94), and satisfaction (2.90). Students reported that MATH PEAK improved mathematics comprehension, enhanced numerical skills, and was enjoyable to use. The application’s simplicity, personalized learning pace, and engaging game-based activities contributed to positive user experiences. The study’s results highlight MATH PEAK’s potential as an inclusive educational technology tool that promotes engagement, autonomy, and skill development for special educational needs learners. While the small sample size limits generalizability, the findings provide evidence to guide further development and wider implementation. Recommendations include extending MATH PEAK’s use to home learning environments, enhancing adaptive features for varied learner profiles, and integrating broader accessibility options. This research underscores the value of user-centred, game-based applications in improving educational equity for early special education
VISUAL FRAMING IN HOSPITALITY MARKETING: THE ROLE OF CAMERA ANGLE AND HUMAN PRESENCE IN SHAPING TRAVELERS’ EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
No full textVisual imagery plays a central role in influencing travel decisions, with hotel-room photographs often forming a traveller’s first impression of a property. Previous research suggests that specific compositional elements can shape viewers’ emotional responses to images. However, the extent to which these cues affect real-world audiences remains unclear, particularly in hospitality settings where multiple factors influence perception. This study tests whether two common photographic cues, i.e, camera angle and inclusion of human elements, shape travellers’ emotional evaluations of hotel-room images. In a departure-hall field survey at Langkawi International Airport (N = 455), travellers viewed six photos produced by crossing human element (i.e., present vs. absent) with camera angle (i.e., high, eye-level, low) and rated them on their emotional impacts (i.e., relaxation, comfort, security, and welcome). Mann–Whitney tests showed no significant human-element effect (p > .22). Kruskal–Wallis tests showed no significant camera-angle effect (p > .26) and no six-group differences (p > .08). The findings suggest that, once overall photographic quality is strong, these compositional cues alone have limited impact on immediate emotional appeal. Accordingly, hospitality marketers should prioritise enhancing overall image quality and ensuring message congruence, rather than relying on prescriptive compositional rules such as including people or specific perspectives
EVALUATING URBAN GREENSPACE SATISFACTION AND BMI OUTCOMES IN DHAKA\u27S DHANMONDI LAKE PARK: A STEP TOWARD ACHIEVING SDG 11.7
No full textGreenspaces within the built environment are paramount for people’s health and a decent experience in city environments. This research assesses visitor satisfaction and health status in Dhanmondi Lake Park, Dhaka, Bangladesh, following the visionary goal of SDG 11.7 on safe, accessible, and inclusive public spaces. The study hypothesizes a link between frequent park visits and a healthier Body Mass Index (BMI). A mixed-methods approach included a survey of 400 park visitors to assess their satisfaction across seven key dimensions: location, accessibility, environment, facilities, recreation, safety, and maintenance, comprising 29 sub-variables. Participants’ height and weight data were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the potential relationship between visit frequency and BMI. Additionally, five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and two Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with the park management, followed by a SWOT analysis to evaluate the park’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This research established high levels of satisfaction with recreation (4.3), showing that the park meets recreational and aesthetic needs. Participants pointed to maintenance (3.78) and safety (3.9) as areas of concern. Frequent visits showed a strong positive relationship with healthy BMI (r = 0.934, p = 0.006), suggesting the health benefits of regular engagement. Dhanmondi Lake Park provides the community with an opportunity to engage in physical, recreational, and social activities, contributing to the achievement of SDG 11.7. Findings indicate that well-maintained urban greenspaces not only enhance visitor satisfaction but also contribute to healthier BMI, offering effective measures for urban planners and policymakers to promote public health and achieve SDG 11.7 in rapidly growing cities