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GIVING BACK, MOVING FORWARD: PERSONAL AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH VOLUNTEER TOURISM
No full textVolunteer tourism has emerged as a dynamic form of travel that offers youths opportunities for personal development and social impact. However, the developmental and transformational needs of youth involved in volunteer tourism remain underexplored, especially in rapidly developing urban contexts like Ho Chi Minh City. This study aims to investigate the personal development and transformation needs of young individuals in Ho Chi Minh City, with a particular focus on factors such as gender, occupation, and income. The research used a quantitative approach, surveying 522 youths and analyzing their motivations, developmental needs, and the influence of demographic factors on those demands. The findings reveal that young participants are strongly driven by a desire for personal growth, particularly in soft skill enhancement, self-awareness, and meaningful engagement with local communities. Importantly, the study uncovers significant variations in development needs across demographic lines, emphasizing the necessity for inclusive, tailored program designs. Beyond skill acquisition, the data suggest that volunteer tourism plays a critical role in fostering reflective global citizenship and pro-social behavior. By situating personal transformation at the heart of volunteer tourism, this research contributes to both theory and practice, offering new insights into how service-oriented travel can shape empowered, socially conscious youth in rapidly urbanizing contexts
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EVENT QUALITY, ATHLETE SATISFACTION AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION IN UNIVERSITY SPORTS EVENTS
No full textThis study investigates the influence of event quality specifically facilities and support services on athletes’ satisfaction and future participation to the event during the SUKIPT 2024 sports event hosted at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The primary objective is to evaluate how these elements of event quality affect athlete experiences and their intention for future participation to the event. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through purposive sampling via a structured questionnaire administered to 233 athletes who directly engaged with the event’s facilities and services. Statistical analyses, including regression and correlation, were conducted using SPSS Version 30. Results reveal that both facilities (β = 0.662, p < 0.001) and support services (β = 0.216, p = 0.021) significantly predict athlete satisfaction, explaining 75.4% of the variance. Moreover, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.929, p < 0.001) was found between athlete satisfaction and future participation to the event, highlighting that improved event quality can substantially enhance athletes’ loyalty and willingness to return. This study makes a meaningful contribution to sports event management by empirically validating the link between event quality dimensions and athlete outcomes in a university sports context. The findings offer actionable recommendations for event organizers to improve facilities, logistics and service delivery ultimately supporting the sustainability and success of inter-university sports events in Malaysia
SELAYANG PANDANG PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA YANG TERBILANG : (Understanding The Evolution of Building a Distinguished Malaysia)
No full textMakalah ini membincangkan mengenai evolusi pembinaan Malaysia yang terbilang. Kepelbagaian etnik menjadi kekuatan Malaysia yang telah berakar umbi sejak zaman Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Orang Melayu memiliki kekayaan melalui penglibatan mereka dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah sebelum campur tangan British. Polisi British yang bertembung dengan rukun teras Melayu sejak tahun 1874 mengubah komposisi masyarakat dari bersifat serumpun kepada masyarakat majmuk. Perang Dunia Kedua menyebabkan tentera Jepun berkuasa dan diikuti dengan kezaliman komunis. Kesedaran pendidikan membangkitkan nasionalisme dan kompromi kaum dicetuskan bagi menuju ke arah kemerdekaan negara. Perbincangan dalam artikel ini bersandarkan kepada kaedah penyelidikan kepustakaan melibatkan dokumen pejabat kolonial, fail arkib dan sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahawa kerencaman dan kepelbagaian masyarakat majmuk menjadi kekuatan dalam berkompromi serta merintis jalan ke arah kemerdekaan negara. Kepelbagaian menjadi kekuatan dan perlu dipertahan dan diperteguhkan bagi membina bangsa yang terbilang.
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the evolution of building a distinguished Malaysia. Ethnic diversity has been become the core of Malaysia\u27s strength that has been rooted since the time of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca. The Malays acquired wealth through their involvement in the tin mining industry before British intervention in the Malay states. British policies that clashed with the core principles of the Malay people since 1874 changed the composition of society from a homogeneous to a plural society. World War II brought the Japanese army to power and was followed by communist tyranny thus causing society to be divided. The objective of this study is to examine the process of nation building until the formation of a distinguished Malaysia. Educational awareness raised nationalism and racial compromise was triggered to move towards national independence. The discussion in this article is based on library research methods involving colonial office documents, archive files and secondary sources. The results of the research found that the diversity and diversity of a plural society became a strength in compromising and pioneering the path towards national independence. Diversity is a strength and needs to be defended and strengthened to build a distinguished nation
HEGEMONI DAN RINTANGAN: INSTITUSIONALISASI KESATUAN SEKERJA DI MALAYSIA: (Hegemony and Resistance: The Institutionalization of Trade Unions in Malaysia)
No full text
Makalah ini bertujuan menganalisis proses institusionalisasi kesatuan sekerja di Malaysia dari perspektif sejarah dengan mengaplikasikan kerangka teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci. Kajian ini meneliti perkembangan gerakan kesatuan sekerja dari zaman kolonial British sehingga pasca-kemerdekaan, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada mekanisme kawalan hegemonik negara dan bentuk-bentuk rintangan yang digunakan oleh gerakan buruh. Melalui analisis kandungan deskriptif terhadap sumber-sumber sekunder, kajian ini mengenal pasti tiga fasa utama institusionalisasi: zaman kolonial yang meletakkan asas sistem kawalan buruh berasaskan kaum, tempoh Darurat (1948-1960) yang mengukuhkan mekanisme perundangan untuk “menjinakkan” kesatuan, dan era pasca-merdeka yang mengintegrasikan kesatuan ke dalam struktur pembangunan negara. Struktur hegemonik yang dibentuk melalui tiga mekanisme utama: perundangan yang mengehadkan, kawalan birokrasi, dan manipulasi ideologi telah berjaya mengekang potensi gerakan kesatuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini juga mendedahkan pelbagai bentuk rintangan, dari konfrontasi langsung hingga ungkapan budaya yang mengkritik eksploitasi dan menuntut pengiktirafan maruah pekerja. Warisan kolonial yang membentuk struktur perburuhan dan kesatuan sekerja di Malaysia terus mempengaruhi dinamik hubungan antara negara, modal dan buruh, dengan implikasi yang mendalam terhadap keberkesanan perwakilan pekerja dalam sistem yang sedia ada.
ABSTRACT
This paper analyses the institutionalisation process of trade unions in Malaysia from a historical perspective by applying Antonio Gramsci\u27s theoretical framework of hegemony. The study examines the development of the trade union movement from the British colonial era through to post-independence, focusing on the mechanisms of state hegemonic control and the forms of resistance employed by the labour movement. Through descriptive content analysis of secondary sources, this research identifies three main phases of institutionalisation: the colonial period, which established the foundations for a race-based labour control system; the Emergency period (1948-1960), which strengthened legal mechanisms to “domesticate” unions; and the post-independence era, which integrated unions into the national development structure. The hegemonic structure formed through three primary mechanisms: restrictive legislation, bureaucratic control, and ideological manipulation, has successfully constrained the potential of the union movement as an agent of social change. Nevertheless, this study also reveals various forms of resistance, from confrontation to cultural expressions that critique exploitation and demand recognition of workers\u27 dignity. The colonial legacy that shaped Malaysia\u27s labour and trade union structures continues to influence the dynamics between state, capital and labour, with profound implications for the effectiveness of worker representation within the existing system
KOMUNITI DAN PERUBAHAN: MENELUSURI SEJARAH PEMBANGUNAN KOMUNITI DI TANAH MELAYU : (Community and Transformation: Tracing the History of Community Development in the Malay Peninsula)
No full textPendudukan British di negara ini telah meninggalkan kesan yang mendalam terhadap keadaan sosioekonomi masyarakat Tanah Melayu khususnya semasa era pemerintahan British dan selepas kemerdekaan. Keadaan ini diumpamakan sebagai bagaimana rupa acuan begitulah apa yang berlaku selepasnya. Tidak dinafikan keadaan sosioekonomi masyarakat Melayu sebelum kemasukan penjajah Barat masih belum maju dari pelbagai aspek terutamanya ekonomi dan pendidikan. Ini disebabkan oleh sikap masyarakat Melayu yang belum mahu berubah, kekurangan ilmu dan teknologi moden. Masyarakat Melayu banyak terlibat dalam bidang-bidang bukan komersial dan tidak memerlukan kemahiran yang tinggi. Keadaan ini dilihat tidak banyak berubah semasa pendudukan British. Untuk itu, kerajaan Tanah Melayu telah berusaha untuk mengubah kehidupan masyarakat Melayu melalui program pembangunan masyarakat di bawah rancangan pembangunan luar bandar. Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap salah satu program yang diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan Tanah Melayu yang bertujuan bagi membangunkan masyarakat Tanah Melayu pada waktu itu melalui Pembangunan Komuniti atau dikenali sebagai Community Development. Pembangunan Komuniti merupakan usaha menyeluruh kerajaan bagi memastikan masyarakat luar bandar maju dari pelbagai aspek kehidupan dan mampu bersaing dengan kaum yang lain. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi sejarah yang melibatkan pelbagai tindakan seperti heuristik, kritikan, analisis, dan historiografi. Sumber dan bahan kajian ini kebanyakannya berdasarkan sumber primer seperti dokumen Kerajaan Persekutuan seperti fail-fail kerajaan Persekutuan, Minit Mesyuarat, Laporan tahunan, Surat Persendirian dan sebagainya yang sebahagiannya diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Hasil kajian ini memperlihatkan usaha awal pihak kerajaan yang signifikan bagi membangunkan masyarakat luar bandar dalam pelbagai aspek terutamanya sosioekonomi sebelum kemerdekaan dan awal kemerdekaan. Pembangunan Komuniti yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan Tanah Melayu ini telah mendapat pengiktirafan dari beberapa buah negara ASEAN yang lain sehingga Tanah Melayu menjadi contoh dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan masyarakat luar bandar dalam masa yang singkat.
ABSTRACT
The British occupation of this country left a profound impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the society in the Malay Peninsula, particularly during the British administration and after independence. This situation can be likened to the saying, “as the mold is shaped, so will be the outcome.” It is undeniable that the socioeconomic status of the Malay community before the arrival of Western colonial powers was still underdeveloped in various aspects, especially in terms of the economy and education. This was due to the Malay community’s reluctance to change, lack of knowledge, and limited access to modern technology. Most Malays were involved in non-commercial sectors that did not require high levels of skill. This situation did not see a significant change during British rule. In response, the government of the Malay Peninsula made efforts to transform the lives of the Malay community through community development programs under the rural development plans. This study focuses on one such program introduced by the government of the Malay Peninsula, which aimed to uplift the Malay society at the time through Community Development. Community Development was a comprehensive government initiative to ensure that rural communities progressed in various aspects of life and could compete with other ethnic groups. This research employs historical methodology, involving multiple approaches such as heuristics, critique, analysis, and historiography. The sources and materials used are primarily based on primary sources, including Federal Government documents such as official files, meeting minutes, annual reports, personal letters, and others, many of which were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The findings of this study highlight the early and significant efforts of the government to develop rural communities in various aspects, particularly socioeconomic, both before and in the early years following independence. The Community Development initiatives carried out by the government of the Malay Peninsula gained recognition from several other ASEAN countries, to the extent that the Malay Peninsula became a model for rural community development within a short period
USER SATISFACTION OF THE ZAKAT SYSTEM IN THE KEDAH STATE: FROM A QUALITY-IN-USE PERSPECTIVE
No full textLembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) has adopted two types of Zakat management systems: Jom Zakat and Zakat-on-Touch. The aim is to increase Zakat collection through online platforms. However, although Jom Zakat (adopted in 2018) and Zakat-on-Touch (adopted in 2019) have been in use for over five years, neither system has been evaluated from a Quality-in-Use perspective, which may impact user satisfaction. These evaluations are crucial to guarantee that the systems meet the necessary and established standards for quality in ISO/IEC 25010. Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the Zakat systems’ user satisfaction from the Quality-in-Use perspective. The study was carried out in three stages using the quantitative approaches, involving literature reviews, instrument development, and survey distribution to 53 respondents. The data was analysed using SPSS. In general, the respondents are satisfied with the Quality-in-Use of the Zakat systems. The findings indicate that the study is highly significant by illustrating the correlations between User Satisfaction with Efficiency (mean=4.2, r=0.933, p=0.001) and effectiveness (mean=4.1, r=0.902, p<0.001) of the zakat systems. The study supports LZNK decision-makers in formulating IT strategic plans, particularly on the long-term maintenance of the Zakat systems. It will also assist developers in making improvements to the systems. Most importantly, more related studies are necessary to create a comprehensive assessment model of the Zakat Systems to guarantee their sustainability
ESTABLISHING THE LINK BETWEEN LAW, CULTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PANDEMIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
No full textManaging infectious and medical waste remains a significant challenge, particularly during pandemics like COVID-19. Poor waste management has led to environmental pollution and public health risks. Numerous publications and research studies have documented an increase in the volume of infectious and medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, ineffective waste management systems in developing countries have exacerbated the issue. Existing waste management laws in many nations often fail to account for pandemic scenarios adequately. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has ended, it is crucial to acknowledge the shortcomings in infectious waste handling during this period. To prevent similar problems in the future, governments ought to be better prepared. Many countries, including Indonesia, responded promptly by drafting quasi-legislation, such as technical recommendations or government circulars, to address the challenges of managing COVID-19 waste. This article reviews the relevant laws and policies in Indonesia and other countries through a legal doctrinal study. It concludes that effective infectious waste management requires more than just legislation. Adequate waste management facilities, funding, and a supportive legal culture – characterised by consistent compliance and understanding of the law by both the government and community – are essential. When governments can provide and oversee the necessary infrastructure, resources, and workforce, achieving this objective becomes easier
NEXUS MODELING OF TRAINEES’ SATISFACTION IN A SCIENTIFIC WRITING CONTEXT: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
No full textPurpose – Scientific writing is one primary way scientists disseminate their discoveries to the broader scientific community. International journals’ extensive scope and stringent peer review procedures have earned them the gold standard for academic publications. However, writing in reputable international journals and publishing them is no easy task. This prompted various online courses to assist researchers in overcoming writing obstacles and raising the caliber of their work to the point where it is acceptable for publication in esteemed publications. The study had two goals: (i) to investigate the correlations between perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment, motivation for courses, online course design, time management, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and satisfaction with E-courses, and (ii) to examine whether the motivation for courses and perceived self-efficacy moderate time management.
Methodology – This study employed a quantitative approach and randomly selected 184 trainees from Indonesia who took online courses for scientific writing. The questionnaire to gather the quantitative data used a five-point Likert scale format. Descriptive statistics were obtained using IBM’s SPSS 25 statistical software. The statistical program Smart-PLS 3.0 was used to handle the data analysis, and it used structural equation modeling to assess the measurement model and test the hypotheses.
Findings – The measuring methodology supported the study constructs\u27 convergent and discriminant validity. Three factors directly impacted Indonesian trainees\u27 perceptions of the ease of use of e-courses: perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment, and online course design. Furthermore, there was a negative and significant moderating effect on motivation and the relationship between time management and perceived enjoyment. However, the relationship between online course design and time management was positively moderated by perceived self-efficacy. It was found that 69.9% of the variance in online course satisfaction could be explained by exogenous factors, such as perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment, and online course design, influencing perceived ease of use.
Significance – E-courses in scientific writing assist in improving writing and getting published in reputable journals. Apart from enhancing the academic quality of one’s writing, they helped in networking and gaining a reputation abroad. Besides, it encourages Indonesian researchers and the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology to develop a more evidence-based national development framework that serves as a basis for more effective policy development and decision-making. The impact of perceived self-efficacy on perceived usefulness was found to be negligible. On the other hand, perceived usefulness and simplicity were positively and directly impacted by both perceived enjoyment and online course design. The TAM was not significantly affected by course motivation, although time management was. The satisfaction of trainees was also positively and indirectly impacted by the following four external factors: perceived self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment, course motivation, and online course design
EXPLORING SCIENCE TEACHERS’ TRANSLATION OF NATURE OF SCIENCE (NOS) KNOWLEDGE TO PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (NOS PCK)
No full textPurpose - This study is part of a comprehensive investigation conducted in Malaysia, examining science teachers\u27 understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) and their ability to translate this knowledge into Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) for NOS. This paper specifically examines how teachers apply their NOS knowledge to develop NOS PCK in classroom settings.
Methodology - A qualitative approach was employed, involving observations of both practical and non-practical lessons, as well as semi-structured interviews with five in-service science teachers from a school in Petaling Perdana, Selangor. The teachers were chosen based on their experience in teaching science and their understanding of NOS. Lesson observations were guided by a structured checklist, while thematic analysis was used to interpret interview data, providing insights into the rationale behind their teaching methods related to NOS PCK.
Findings - The study found that Malaysian in-service science teachers face significant challenges in translating their understanding of NOS into effective teaching practices. There is a noticeable gap between teachers\u27 conceptual knowledge of NOS and their PCK implementation. Teachers frequently missed opportunities to integrate key NOS concepts into their lessons and often portrayed scientific methods as fixed procedures while presenting science as static knowledge. These practices reflect a limited understanding of NOS principles.
Significance - The findings underscore the urgent need for ongoing professional development to improve teachers\u27 NOS knowledge and their ability to integrate it into their teaching. The science curriculum should include clear guidelines to support the incorporation of NOS concepts, ultimately fostering improved scientific literacy among students
A CURRENT REVIEW ON OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN MANAGING MAJOR OIL SPILLS FROM SHIPS (TANKERS) IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA, MALAYSIA
No full textTheoretically, operations management (OM) is concerned with the designing and controlling processes or redesigning business operations for production of goods and services. More so in managing oil spills from tankers in the Straits of Malacca (SOM). Mistakes in decision making couple with outdated practices exposed marine living and non-living resources to damages as a result of the shipping casualties. In any major global oil pollution from tankers or sometimes addresses as oil pollution disaster has hardly achieved a fully oils recovery due to several factors; natural or physical or both. In the case, the previous study found that this phenomenon happened anywhere in the world including in the SOM. Operations management of this specialised mechanism requires specialists from various expertise such as engineering, chemical, biological, nautical, environmental economics, legal persons and social scientists. The whole spectrum of expertise determined the structure of frameworks such as legislation, institutional and operational that assimilated into national oil spill contingency plan (NOSCP). The plan documentation dictated the requirement of oil spills preparedness and response, distribution of oil spill response equipment (OSRE) stockpile strategically, and the way how its operations be managed and maintained to undertake any eventuality of future oil spills disaster in the SOM