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Predictive Modeling of Software Team Performance based on Gender and Task Complexity using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree
No full textThis paper investigates the effect of gender and task complexity on software development performance, addressing a critical gap in empirical research and predictive modelling that warrants further investigation. Understanding how these factors interact is crucial for optimising task allocation and enhancing team efficiency in software engineering environments. To investigate this, data were collected from two universities involving 180 software development students with an equal representation of male and female participants. Participants were required to complete programming tasks at three levels of complexity—easy, medium, and hard—to assess their performance under varying cognitive loads. The results indicate a performance disparity based on task complexity, where male software developers consistently outperformed their female counterparts as the complexity of the tasks increased. Further analysis using predictive modelling techniques, which are logistic regression and decision tree models, revealed that logistic regression consistently achieved higher accuracy and F1 and AUC-ROC scores, demonstrating its superior predictive capability in modelling performance variations. Despite these findings, further research is necessary to explore additional interventions to help optimise task allocation based on individual strengths and expertise. Additionally, future studies should continue to challenge stereotypes and explore innovative strategies for promoting diversity and equality in software development
Parental Strategies for Mitigating Online Threats and Enhancing Children’s Cybersecurity Awareness
No full textThe widespread adoption of digital technology has also resulted in a concerning trend: the rise in online threats targeted at children. As online threats to children continue to increase, parents need to take proactive steps to protect their children’s safety on the Internet. This research explores how parents respond to online threats affecting their children by examining their cyber-parenting approaches and coping strategies through Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This research involved semi-structured interviews with nine parents whose children had experienced online threats. The study revealed that authoritative parenting, which balances autonomy with guidance, was the most adopted approach by parents. Conversely, parents with a high level of digital literacy tended towards an authoritarian style, characterised by rigorous monitoring of their adolescents\u27 online activities. Following online threat incidents, parents adopted both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. These responses reflected varying degrees of threat appraisal and coping appraisal, consistent with PMT constructs. By identifying prevalent parenting styles and coping strategies, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how parental behaviours influence children’s online behaviours and resilience to cyber incidents. The study also found that effective parental mediation not only reduces children’s exposure to harm but also plays a critical role in fostering their cybersecurity awareness, empowering them to recognise risks, apply protective behaviours, and navigate digital environments with greater confidence. Such insights are critical for designing effective interventions and educational initiatives aimed at fostering safer digital practices among families, particularly in raising children’s awareness
EXPLORING DOCTORAL SUPERVISION IN LAW EDUCATION: PERSPECTIVES IN TEACHING AND PEDAGOGY
No full textPurpose - This paper explores the pedagogical practices employed in supervising law PhD students within law schools. The study adopts an auto-ethnographic approach to investigate the beliefs of both supervisors and students regarding teaching, learning, research and supervision.
Methodology - An overarching auto-ethnographic method was used to examine the perspectives of students and supervisors on teaching, learning, research and supervision. Data collection spanned eight months and followed a multi-step process. The first set of data was obtained through a focus group comprising five supervisors from the Business and Law Faculty. The second set of data involved naturalistic observations of three supervisory meetings per supervisor and their respective students. The final set of data was collected through the observation of five student annual progression panel proceedings, focusing on the same five students whose supervisory sessions were previously observed.
Findings - The observations revealed five distinct pedagogical approaches to teaching within the supervisory context. Additionally, participants’ beliefs were found to be interconnected, allowing for the identification of orientations. Participants aligned with a particular orientation exhibited a unique set of beliefs. It was noted that a supervisor’s choice of orientation influences the overall pedagogical approach adopted during supervision. Each orientation incorporated an element of teaching, highlighting the integral role of teaching within supervisory practices.
Significance - The findings have significant implications for faculty professional development, particularly for staff involved in doctoral supervision. They provide insights into the dynamics of student learning during interactions between staff and students throughout the doctoral journey. These insights can inform future supervision training programmes, offering valuable guidance to novice supervisors and enhancing the overall doctoral supervision experience
EXTERNAL FINANCIAL FLOWS, FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM SOLOW GROWTH HYPOTHESIS
No full textThe attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations leaders in 2015, is anchored on three pillars: economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Economic sustainability refers to the capacity to enhance the overall income and output of all economic agents within the circular flow—both in the present and into the future. This study examines the effect of external financial flows and fiscal policy (internal flows) on economic sustainability in Nigeria, within the framework of the Solow Growth Hypothesis. The study utilises secondary data sourced from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria\u27s Statistical Bulletin, spanning the period from 1991 to 2022. External financial flows are represented by foreign direct investment, foreign aid, remittances, net exports, and external debt, while fiscal policy is captured through government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health and tax revenue. Economic sustainability is proxied by GDP per capita income. The findings reveal that foreign direct investment and remittances have a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita income, whereas net exports exhibit a negative and significant effect. With respect to fiscal policy, government expenditure on health and tax revenue are found to have a positive and significant impact on GDP per capita income. The study concludes that foreign direct investment, net export and remittances when effectively managed and strategically channeled, have the potential to enhance Nigeria’s economic sustainability. Furthermore, fiscal policy measures particularly capital expenditure in health and improved tax revenue generation can play a crucial role in sustaining long-term economic growth. It is therefore recommended that the government create a viable market and a conducive business environment to attract foreign direct investment and strengthen fiscal management frameworks
MODERATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND DIGITAL CULTURE ADOPTION
No full textThis study explores the complex interplay dynamics between leadership styles, organizational structure, and digital culture adoption within Katsina State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), with particular emphasis on how these elements influence digital transformation efforts. Data were collected from 630 employees across four randomly selected MDAs—Katsina State Library Board, State House of Assembly, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, and Katsina State Television Authority. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership style and digital culture adoption, as well as a significant but negative relationship between transactional leadership style and digital culture adoption. However, the analysis did not reveal any significant moderating effects of organizational structure on these relationships. While the study provides valuable insights, limitations such as the use of cross-sectional data and the limited generalizability of the findings should be noted. The results underscore the critical role of leadership—particularly transformational leadership—in driving digital culture adoption. Based on these findings, the study recommends that organizations invest in leadership development programs that promote transformational leadership behaviors and foster a culture of digital innovation. Additionally, future research should consider longitudinal or experimental designs, employ multi-source data collection methods, and explore other organizational contexts to enhance the robustness and applicability of the findings. Further investigations into the mechanisms and long-term impacts of leadership and structural reforms are also encouraged to provide actionable guidance for organizations navigating digital transformation in today’s evolving landscape
LEGAL ISSUES OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS IN THE COPYRIGHT DECLARATIVE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
No full textThis research aims to answer the following questions: First, what is the legal certainty of copyright protection in the field of scientific works in the declarative system in Indonesia and Malaysia? Second, how can rights holders prove if a dispute occurs due to copyright infringement in science? Based on copyright law, the basis for the emergence of rights and legal protection is not based on registration. However, it is based on the birth of copyrighted work, realised in a tangible form known as a declarative system. For example, creative works in science have been produced into books that may be read and used as reading material. In such a system, issues may arise concerning the certainty of legal protection and proof in the event of a disagreement. This research employs a normative approach, examining key legal documents such as statutes, rules and case decisions. According to the findings of the study, the declarative system can nevertheless provide clarity and legal protection to copyright proprietors or inventors. At the same time, proof can be done with testimony of witnesses or written evidence, but the proof will be more straightforward if the right to work is registered by obtaining a copyright registration certificate. A copyright registration certificate will provide more certainty of rights and legal protection, and is easy to prove
DATA PROTECTION CHALLENGES IN SMART CITIES: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MALAYSIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK
No full textSmart cities are the future of urban development as they incorporate state of the art technology to enhance the living standards of the citizens. However, these advances have real challenges in terms of data protection, more so in countries like Malaysia, where the legal aspects are still developing. This paper will critically analyze Malaysia\u27s legal framework for data protection in the context of the Malaysian Smart City Framework and its data collection and processing practices. In this paper, the three fundamental principles of data protection, namely necessity, consent and safeguards will be examined. Using a comparative law approach, this research compares Malaysian laws with international standards, in particular the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU. This comparison shows some serious gaps and hurdles in Malaysia\u27s approach, particularly with regard to protection from automated decision-making and surveillance technology. This research will also show that Malaysia must improve its legislation to ensure privacy will not be invaded when the smart city technologies are have already become so widespread. The findings advocate the need for Malaysian laws and policies to be positively realigned with technology to create a privacy-aware model and fit for purpose for the shifting requirements of smart urban arenas
EXPLORING MISCLASSIFICATION STATUS OF PLATFORM WORKERS IN MALAYSIA FOR ENHANCED EMPLOYMENT PROTECTIONS
No full textThe misclassification of platform workers as independent contractors has sparked extensive debates globally, with notable implications for employment protections. In Malaysia, the classification of platform workers, as exemplified in Loh Guet Ching v Menteri Sumber Manusia & Anor case, remains a contentious issue. Despite the Court of Appeal\u27s ruling, Section 101C of the Employment Act 1955, in force since 1st January 2023, introduces a mechanism to ascertain employment status. This provision, untested as of yet, presents a potential resolution for misclassification disputes involving platform workers. This article delves into the current employment legal landscape in Malaysia, exploring recent developments and potential solutions for resolving the misclassification dilemma. Utilising a doctrinal approach, the study analyses both legal and non-legal sources, revealing that selected jurisdictions have adeptly addressed misclassification challenges. Common law tests, which are prevalent in judicial proceedings, and the purposive approach offer avenues for resolution, while statutory tests, though providing clarity, require careful application due to potential adverse consequences
HAK WARIS PEMBELI ATAS TANAH LOT LIDI: ANALISIS DARIPADA PERUNDANGAN ISLAM (Inheritance Rights of Purchasers over Lot Lidi Land: An Analysis from the Perspective of Islamic Law)
No full textPemilikan Tanah Lot Lidi berlaku pada hari ini akibat daripada desakan dan keperluan untuk memiliki hartanah sendiri khususnya bagi mendirikan rumah. Manipulasi hartanah semasa untuk tujuan perumahan menyebabkan harga hartanah dan rumah melambung tinggi. Justeru, dengan harga tanah yang lebih murah, lokasi yang berdekatan dengan sanak saudara dan pemilik asal merupakan seorang yang dikenali, kecenderungan seseorang untuk memiliki Tanah Lot Lidi tidak dapat dielak lagi. Bentuk pemilikan ini bercanggah dengan Kanun Tanah Negara Akta 828, yang melaksanakan Sistem Torrens, di mana pendaftaran adalah segala-galanya. Kesannya, ia bercanggah dengan amalan Lot Lidi melalui Surat Ikatan Amanah, dan menghalang pengeluaran dokumen hak milik. Akibatnya, ia tidak mempunyai pengiktirafan undang-undang dan terdedah kepada penipuan. Kajian ini menyelidik status undang-undang bagi urusniaga tanah Lot Lidi daripada perspektif KTN Akta 828 dan undang-undang Islam. Ia juga meneroka hak dan remedi yang tersedia untuk waris pembeli tanah Lot Lidi di bawah kedua-dua rangka kerja undang-undang kontemporari dan pandangan Islam. Metodologi kajian adalah secara kualitatif dengan data-data dikumpulkan secara deskriptif melalui kajian kepustakaan dan berdasarkan kes-kes perundangan. Analisis pula dilakukan secara analisis kandungan dengan berdasarkan analisis induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Kajian mendapati Tanah Lot Lidi adalah merupakan kesan daripada kekangan perundangan semasa dan keperluan sosial untuk memiliki hartanah sendiri dengan harga yang jauh lebih murah. Undang-undang dengan jelas tidak memperakukannya kerana ia bercanggah dengan peruntukan KTN Akta 828. Bagaimanapun dalam undang-undang Islam, pembelian tersebut memberikan hak yang jelas melalui Surat Ikatan Amanah yang memenuhi kehendak sesebuah akad jual beli. Walaupun pembeli tidak diberikan dokumen hak milik, warisnya berhak untuk mewarisi hartanah tersebut selepas kematiannya berdasarkan akad yang sah.
ABSTRACT
Ownership of the “Tanah Lot Lidi” occurs today as a result of the insistence and need to own real estate, especially to build a family house. The current manipulation of real estate for housing purposes causes real estate and house prices to skyrocket. Therefore, with a cheaper land price, a location close to relatives and the original owner being a well-known person, the tendency of a person to own “Tanah Lot Lidi” cannot be avoided anymore. This form of ownership conflicts with the National Land Code Act 828, which implements the Torrens System, where registration is paramount. As a result, it contradicts the practice of Lot Lidi under a Trust Deed, preventing the issuance of a title document. Consequently, it lacks legal recognition and is susceptible to fraud. This study investigates the legal status of Lot Lidi land transactions from the perspectives of the National Land Code Act 828 and Islamic law. It also explores the rights and remedies available to the heirs of Lot Lidi land purchasers under both contemporary legal frameworks and Islamic viewpoints. The research methodology is qualitative, with data collected descriptively through a literature review and based on legal cases. The analysis is done in a content analysis based on inductive, deductive, and comparative analysis. The study found that “Tanah Lot Lidi” is a result of the current legal constraints and the social need to own real estate at a much cheaper price. The law does not recognize it because it conflicts with the requirements of the National Land Code Act 828. However, in Islamic law, the purchase gives clear rights through a trust deed that meets the requirements of a sales contract. Even if the buyer is not given title documents, his heirs are entitled to inherit the property after his death based on the valid contract.
Keywords: National Land Code, lot lidi, land, Islamic law, Torrens system, registration, indefeasibility of title
REVAMPING THE CONDITIONS OF AWAITING TRIAL INMATES IN NIGERIA: EXPERIENCE FROM KWARA STATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
No full textThe paper aims to gauge the perceptions of awaiting trial inmates across correctional facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria. This research also intends to uncover the state or conditions of inmates awaiting trial in relation to the statutory functions of correctional services as stipulated in the Nigerian 1979, 1989, and 1999 constitutions as amended, as well as other reforms on the criminal justice act. The methodology adopted for this research purpose was the descriptive survey design method. Data collection procedures consisted of both primary and secondary materials sources. Principal information was collected by administering questionnaire forms to inmates awaiting trial, while the secondary data consisted of the internet, websites, journals published theses, etc. The study revealed that corruption, favoritism, poor hygiene, hard labor, and health issues have major challenges across correctional facilities. It was also discovered that there are no clear-cut differences in the treatment and handling of convicted criminals from inmates awaiting trial in correctional facilities. The study recommended improvement in conditions of service for correctional officers. It also advocates for the adoption of information and communications technology (ICT) within correctional facilities, and there should be segregation of convicted criminals from awaiting trial inmates, among other recommendations. This study will no doubt contribute to existing knowledge in criminal justice systems and will help countries know the antecedent effect of increased awaiting trial on correctional facilities, their staff, state security, and government expenditure and, finally, how it could be addressed