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Greedy Heuristic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Tourist Trip Design Problem on Penang Island
No full textTourism is a vital sector in the global economy, significantly contributing to the development of many countries by creating jobs, generating income, and promoting cultural exchange. However, planning a tour itinerary presents a significant challenge due to the necessity of identifying points of interest (POI) and organizing them into a proper itinerary. This study focused on solving the multi-objective TTDP for Penang Island by developing two greedy heuristic techniques: Nearest Neighbour (NN) and Nearest Greedy Insertion (NGI). The study aimed to achieve three objectives: identifying tourists’ preferences and constraints relevant to the TTDP, proposing solutions using NN and NGI techniques, and evaluating the effectiveness of these methods. Adopted a hybrid weighted objective, both algorithms balanced maximizing the number of POIs visited and popularity index while satisfying several constraints such as time windows, popularity index, restaurant selection, POI categories, and budget limitations. The findings showed that the NN technique performed better for a one-day tour, delivering a higher popularity index (212.66) compared to NGI (171.43). However, the NGI technique outperformed in a two-day tour by balancing POI coverage and popularity index of 294.91, while NN had 268.68. For a three-day tour, NN achieved a higher popularity index (359.86) than NGI (337.03), while NGI visited more POIs. Future studies should explore metaheuristic methods, broader geographic applications, incorporate time-dependent variables, and tailored solutions for halal-conscious travellers
Pengalaman guru dalam usaha menerapkan elemen kecerdasan pelbagai dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) bahasa Melayu: (Teachers\u27 experiences in incorporating elements of multiple intelligences in the teaching and learning (T&L) of Malay language)
No full textPembelajaran berkesan merupakan kunci utama dalam menentukan keberhasilan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP), dan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberkesanannya ialah melalui gaya belajar murid. Guru yang bertindak sebagai pendorong utama berperanan penting dalam memastikan gaya belajar berkesan dengan mengaplikasikan pendekatan dan teknik yang bersesuaian dengan kecenderungan, kecerdasan dan minat murid. Walau bagaimanapun, penerapan Kecerdasan Pelbagai Howard Gardner dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dilihat masih tidak diaplikasikan oleh guru secara optimum. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti elemen kecerdasan pelbagai yang diaplikasikan oleh guru dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) Bahasa Melayu di sebuah sekolah rendah di Perlis. Subjek kajian dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan dengan memilih tiga orang guru Bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menerusi pemerhatian dan temu bual terhadap subjek kajian dan hasil data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dapatan kajian mendapati, elemen kecerdasan pelbagai dalam PdP tidak diterapkan secara optimum oleh subjek kajian. Hasil temu bual mendapati, situasi ini berlaku atas faktor atau halangan tertentu, antaranya ialah, aspek penerimaan latihan profesional, masa, perancangan bahan bantu mengajar dan aktiviti pengajaran, kemahiran guru, dan minat guru. Oleh yang demikian, dengan pelaksanaan kajian ini, diharapkan pihak berkepentingan dapat memainkan peranan yang sewajarnya dalam usaha meningkatkan kesedaran tentang keperluan untuk menerapkan kecerdasan pelbagai secara optimum di dalam bilik darjah, sekali gus menyokong perkembangan holistik murid
VALIDATION OF HYBRID MODEL FOR IMAGE-BASED VIRTUAL REALITY IN SELF-THERAPY THROUGH EXPERT REVIEW METHOD
No full textVirtual reality (VR) is a tool that can induce a sense of presence in the user. It has been proven effective in reducing psychological stress. Traditionally, one of the psychotherapy techniques for managing stress is Guided Imagery Therapy (GIT). There are situations where clients have difficulties imagining the scenarios during the GIT session. VR can be an alternative solution that presents virtual calm scenarios to relieve stress, instead of using imagination. Hence, this study aims to propose a model for Image-based VR (IBVR) that hybridises the Spatial Presence Model (SPM) and GIT for self-therapy. The proposed hybrid model was developed through a model design and validated through the expert review. The results of the expert review indicated the need for improvement in terms of detailing the elements and descriptions, as well as the representation of relationships of the components. The revised hybrid model exhibits more relevancies of the elements and components, as well as the readability and understandability of the proposed model. The hybrid model is expected to assist application designers and developers in creating an IBVR tool for self-therapy
EXAMINING TRANSMEDIA CHARACTER ENGAGEMENT: MALAYSIAN AUDIENCES’ CONNECTIONS WITH TONY STARK, PHIL COULSON AND MATT MURDOCK IN THE MARVEL CINEMATIC UNIVERSE
No full textThis study explores character engagement among Malaysian fans of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), focusing on three central transmedia figures: Tony Stark, Phil Coulson, and Matt Murdock. Construct from theories of transmedia storytelling, parasocial interaction (PSI), and character identification, the research investigates how audiences emotionally, cognitively, and behaviorally connect with characters across platforms. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 300 respondent of MCU fans in Malaysia. Using a validated instrument measuring four dimensions of character engagement namely interest in, knowledge of, identification with, and interaction with. The findings revealed that Tony Stark character obtain the highest level of engagement (M = 4.75), followed by Phil Coulson and Matt Murdock (both M = 4.60), with all three scores falling within the “high engagement” range. The study attributes Stark’s dominance to his complex moral value, emotional depth, and consistent presence across multiple media formats, which contribute to strong parasocial relationships. Results underscore the importance of cultural context in shaping character value and also highlighting how Malaysian audiences align with characters that display both vulnerability and heroic transformation. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on transmedia fandom and character driven engagement in Southeast Asia. Future research should consider a broader range of characters, qualitative research design and cross-cultural comparisons to further explore the evolving nature of global media consumption
PARADOX OF ARABIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DARFUR, SUDAN
No full textThis paper delves into the intricate dynamics of Sudan\u27s Arabization and Islamization policies and their profound implications for the Darfur region, offering insights into the roots of Arab ethnic supremacy and its troubling manifestation in ethnic cleansing. Through the lens of social categorization theories, our objective is to unravel the complexities of post-British Sudanese identity politics and its intersection with the tragedy unfolding in Darfur. Employing a qualitative methodology, we draw upon a rich tapestry of secondary sources and qualitative data gleaned from interviews with Sudanese and Darfuri residents. Adhering to stringent ethical standards, we safeguard participant anonymity and ensure the integrity of our data. The findings reveal the poignant paradox of the \u27Black Arab who is anti-Black,\u27 shedding light on the intricate interplay of race, identity, and power dynamics within Sudan\u27s complex social fabric. The findings foster a deeper understanding of the injustices perpetuated in Darfur, advocating for reconciliation, social justice, and enduring peace in Sudan
FINTECH REGULATION AND GOVERNANCE FROM THE SINGAPORE PERSPECTIVE
No full textThrough the adoption of a balanced regulatory approach that promotes technological advancement while mitigating risks, Singapore has become a global leader in fintech innovation. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) plays a crucial role in forming the ecosystem as this paper examines Singapore\u27s fintech regulatory framework, governance mechanisms, and risk management tactics. Singapore has shown its dedication to innovation and financial stability through important initiatives like the Payment Services Act, Fintech Regulatory Sandbox, and cross-border payment links. Along with discussing new developments in green fintech and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), the paper also discusses issues like consumer protection, cybersecurity, and decentralized technologies. Singapore offers a model for promoting inclusive and sustainable growth in the fintech industry through global cooperation and flexible policymaking
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON ISLAMIC FASHION CONSUMPTION: INVESTIGATING MILLENNIALS’ PURCHASE INTENTION IN DIGITAL INFLUENCERS
No full textThis study investigates how millennials’ fashion purchase behaviors are influenced by digital influencers, focusing on key factors such as perceived credibility, expertise, congruence, attractiveness, and para-social interaction. While influencer marketing is a major component of digital marketing, there remains a lack of tailored strategies targeting millennials, the primary demographic for social media engagement. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing an online survey distributed to 307 millennial social media users to analyze the extent to which digital influencers impact their purchasing decisions. Findings reveal that perceived credibility, congruence, attractiveness, and para-social interaction significantly influence millennials’ purchase intentions, whereas perceived expertise does not exhibit a significant effect. However, the study is limited to a millennial sample, and the findings may not be generalizable to other demographic segments. Future research should explore how these influencer-related factors impact different consumer groups to develop a comprehensive understanding of digital marketing effectiveness. The study provides valuable insights for fashion brands seeking to optimize their digital engagement strategies, emphasizing the importance of credibility, authenticity, and interaction-driven influencer marketing to strengthen brand-consumer relationships. By deepening the understanding of influencer marketing strategies in the fashion industry, this research offers practical recommendations for brands aiming to enhance their influence on millennial purchasing behavior in the digital age
Mathematical Modeling of Viscous Incompressible Fluid Flow in Tubular Networks: Analysis of Laminar and Turbulent Regimes
No full textThe article delves into the mathematical modeling of the flow of viscous, incompressible fluids through a network of tubes enclosed within an outer pipe. It comprehensively examines both laminar and turbulent flow regimes, providing a thorough analysis of the underlying physical phenomena. Specifically, it investigates the fluid dynamics through a configuration consisting of n tubes, each with a length L and radius r situated within the outer tube. The article derives formulae for calculating key parameters such as the maximum velocity of fluid flow, the volumetric flow rate through the tube\u27s cross-section, the coefficient of frictional resistance along the tube\u27s length, and the maximum value of tangential stress
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MOBILE-ASSISTED VOCABULARY LEARNING AND TEACHING IN ESL/EFL CONTEXT
No full textPurpose - The integration of mobile technology in ESL/EFL contexts has garnered significant attention from contemporary researchers, teachers, and learners due to the advancements in technology, dynamic features, and multimodal applications. With this growing interest, there is a need to synthesize the existing literature and identify current trends in the field.
Methodology - This study reviewed research on mobile-assisted second language (L2) vocabulary learning and teaching through two approaches. First, a bibliometric analysis was employed to provide a comprehensive overview of the field, encompassing 774 publications retrieved from the Scopus database. Second, 20 empirical articles were analyzed to determine technological and pedagogical trends in MAVL studies.
Findings - The analysis identified the most frequently used keywords, influential authors, and the most productive countries in MAVL research. Key areas of focus in L2 vocabulary learning and teaching included learners’ performance and perceptions, with gamification emerging as a predominant technological feature in recent empirical studies.
Significance - Although the findings are preliminary, they offer valuable insights for conducting futureresearch, emphasizing emerging trends and unexplored areas within MAVL
APPROACHES TO TEACHING ESL ACADEMIC WRITING: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
No full textPurpose - Academic writing skills are fundamental for students at tertiary level. Possessing these skills can aid students in their studies as they are mostly assessed based on their proficiency in writing skills. Due to this, the teaching of English academic writing has become pivotal for English as a second language (ESL) lecturers in ensuring students’ abilities to write academically, while at the same time achieving the course learning outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to explore the teaching approaches employed by ESL lecturers in teaching English academic writing at Malaysian universities.
Methodology - Grounded in a multiple case study, four ESL lecturers from four different universities (i.e., two public and two private universities) were purposively selected as the research participants. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, lesson observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed thematically using thematic analysis and cross-case analyses which compare differences and similarities across cases.
Findings - Findings indicate that Malaysian ESL lecturers at public and private universities employed various teaching approaches, such as teacher-centered traditional approach, process-genre approach, humanistic approach, and collaborative writing approach in teaching English academic writing. These teaching approaches were employed by the ESL lecturers based on their knowledge of pedagogy, teaching experience and exposure to English academic writing, while at the same time adhering to the syllabus of their universities when catering to various students’ writing proficiency.
Significance – This study provides insightful guidance to ESL/EFL lecturers teaching English academic writing. The findings will help them to select suitable teaching approaches to meet their students’ needs, proficiency levels and to achieve learning objectives. ESL lecturers are also urged to enhance their content, pedagogical, and technological pedagogical content knowledge in meeting the needs of 21st century students