Ulum Islamiyyah - The Malaysian journal of Islamic sciences
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Keperluan pengklasifikasian hadith berdasarkan fasa Makkī dan Madanī dalam pemahaman teks hadith: [The necessity of classifying hadith according to the Makkī and Madanī phases in understanding hadith texts]
Full text linkKajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keperluan pengklasifikasian hadith berdasarkan fasa Makkah dan Madinah sebagai salah satu proses memahami maksud hadith. Pembahagian kepada fasa tersebut kebiasaannya dikaitkan dengan peristiwa-peristiwa yang dilalui oleh Rasulullah SAW dan para sahabat RA seperti yang terdapat dalam sumber sirah Rasul SAW. Sebagai implikasi, timbul perbahasan mengenai surah makkīyah dan madanīyah dalam kalangan ahli tafsir dan kesannya dapat dilihat melalui pengklasifikasian surah-surah al-Quran kepada makkīyah dan madanīyah. Namun, hal yang sama tidak berlaku pada hadith Nabi SAW walaupun ia tetap sebahagian daripada wahyu yang berfungsi menjelaskan maksud al-Quran. Kajian mengenai hadith makkī dan madanī didapati terlalu sedikit dan penggunaannya sebagai terminologi khusus hampir tidak digunakan oleh sarjana terdahulu. Justeru, kajian ini berusaha menonjolkan sudut kewajaran pengelasan hadith kepada dua fasa tersebut dengan mengaplikasikan kajian kepustakaan dan pendekatan induktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa alasan yang mewajarkan pengklasifikasian hadith Nabi SAW kepada fasa Makkah dan Madinah dalam memperkasakan fiqh al-ḥadīth berasaskan konteks.
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the scholarly and practical value of classifying hadiths into the Makkan and Madinan phases. While early hadith scholars did not adopt this categorisation as a formal methodology, such a framework provides valuable tools for contextual interpretation of the Sunnah, especially in addressing contemporary issues. By analysing selected narrations, the study demonstrates how phase-based classification clarifies the relationship between abrogated and abrogating rulings (al-nāsikh wa al-mansūkh), situates narrations within their socio-historical context, and highlights the principle of gradual legislation (tashrī‘ al-tadrījī). Employing a qualitative textual analysis of classical sources, this study argues that phase-based classification enriches modern scholarship by bridging the gap between the timeless guidance of revelation and the evolving circumstances of Muslim societies. The findings affirm that such classification should be seen not as an innovation, but as a complementary hermeneutical tool grounded in the broader discipline of asbāb wurūd al-ḥadīth
Sorotan literatur pelaksanaan wakalah dalam sistem perkhidmatan Islam di Malaysia menurut perspektif hukum Islam: [Literature review on the implementation of wakalah in the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law]
Full text linkArtikel ini menganalisis sorotan kajian lepas berkaitan pelaksanaan wakalah dalam sistem perkhidmatan Islam di Malaysia dari perspektif hukum Islam. Wakalah merupakan suatu akad perwakilan yang dibenarkan oleh syarak dan telah dilaksanakan secara meluas dalam pelbagai perkhidmatan meliputi aspek kewangan, kekeluargaan, perundangan dan juga ibadah. Pelaksanaan wakalah oleh institusi-institusi Islam di Malaysia telah berkembang mengikut keperluan semasa, namun masih berhadapan dengan beberapa isu yang memerlukan perhatian seperti kekangan perundangan, perkhidmatan agama berunsurkan komersial serta penganjuran sehingga ke luar negara. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada konsep wakalah, isu pelaksanaannya dalam konteks sistem perkhidmatan Islam serta mengenal pasti jurang kajian yang memerlukan kajian lanjutan. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen digunakan untuk mengumpul maklumat daripada penulisan ilmiah, laporan, dokumentasi daripada kajian terdahulu. Hasil kajian mendapati wujudnya perbezaan pendekatan pelaporan antara agensi pelaksana, cabaran dari aspek perundangan dan tahap kefahaman masyarakat sama ada mengenai konsep wakalah mahupun perkhidmatan yang dijalankan. Artikel ini mencadangkan agar lebih banyak kajian perbandingan dan analisis hukum dijalankan untuk memperkukuh pelaksanaan wakalah agar seiring dengan prinsip syariah dan keperluan sistem perkhidmatan Islam yang lebih berkesan dan lestari.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes a literature review on the implementation of wakalah (agency contract) within the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law. Wakalah is a form of contractual delegation permitted in Islamic jurisprudence and has been widely applied in various religious services such as zakat, charity (sadaqah), endowment (waqf), pilgrimage (hajj), and animal sacrifice (qurban). The implementation of wakalah by Islamic institutions in Malaysia has evolved in response to current needs but continues to face several issues requiring attention. This study focuses on the concept of wakalah in Islam, its practical applications in Islamic services, and the contemporary legal and ethical issues arising from its execution. A qualitative methodology is adopted through document analysis, utilizing academic literature, institutional reports, and prior research documentation. The findings indicate variations in implementation approaches among different agencies, along with challenges in legal governance and public understanding. The article recommends further comparative and legal analyses to strengthen the application of wakalah in alignment with Shariah principles and to support a more effective and sustainable Islamic service system.
Abstract: This article analyzes a literature review on the implementation of wakalah (agency contract) within the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law. Wakalah is a form of contractual delegation permitted in Islamic jurisprudence and has been widely applied in various religious services such as zakat, charity (sadaqah), endowment (waqf), pilgrimage (hajj), and animal sacrifice (qurban). The implementation of wakalah by Islamic institutions in Malaysia has evolved in response to current needs but continues to face several issues requiring attention. This study focuses on the concept of wakalah in Islam, its practical applications in Islamic services, and the contemporary legal and ethical issues arising from its execution. A qualitative methodology is adopted through document analysis, utilizing academic literature, institutional reports, and prior research documentation. The findings indicate variations in implementation approaches among different agencies, along with challenges in legal governance and public understanding. The article recommends further comparative and legal analyses to strengthen the application of wakalah in alignment with Shariah principles and to support a more effective and sustainable Islamic service system
Towards a Mandarin-based da’wah model : Bridging cultural identity and Islamic communication in Malaysia
Full text linkMandarin-speaking Chinese converts often face challenges in a multicultural and multilingual country in Malaysia. It is difficult for them to access Islamic teaching in their first language (Mandarin) since most Da’wah (Islamic missionary) activities are conducted in Malaysia either in Malay or Arabic. Language barriers, cultural misconceptions, and dual-identity conflicts hinder their understanding of Islamic knowledge, and actively involve them in Da’wah activities, integration into the local muslim community. This study intends to propose the Mandarin-Based Da’wah Model (MBDM) to overcome these challenges. This study adopted a qualitative research design. Data collected through interviews with Chinese Muslim converts and Da’wah practitioners in Malaysia. The four main challenges identified from the thematic analysis revealed four main challenges: (1) the shortage of localised Islamic materials in Mandarin, (2) linguistic and terminology barriers, and (3) diverse linguistic backgrounds among Malaysian Chinese. (4) The Limitations of modern Da’wah Delivery methods. The three key pillars included in the proposed MBDM are: developing localised and easy-to-access resources, training multilingual and culturally competent preachers, and promoting cultural integration with ongoing support for converts. The MBDM is tailored for the often-overlooked Malaysian Chinese Muslim community, using the language and culture they\u27re familiar with to communicate and understand their unique situation. This model aims to deepen religious understanding, strengthen Muslim identities, and enhance ethic harmony in Malaysia. In the future, the model will be tested in real scenarios among diverse bilingual scholars, practitioners, and digital content creators to assess its effectiveness
أثر توظيف منصات العلاقات العامة على إدارة السمعة المؤسساتية من خلال نظرية الاتصال الحواري- دراسة تحليل المضمون على شركتي الاتصالات الخلوية "اتصالات ودو" بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة: [The impact of employing public relations platforms on corporate reputation management through dialogic communication theory - a content analysis study on the two mobile communication companies “Etisalat and du” in the United Arab Emirates]
No full textThe study aimed to identify the impact of public relations platforms on organisational reputation management through the theory of dialogue communication - a content analysis study on the two cellular communications companies, "Etisalat and Du", in the United Arab Emirates. It used a content analysis methodology conducted on the cellular telecommunications companies "Etisalat and Du" in the United Arab Emirates. The study found several results, including that both companies, "Etisalat" and "Du", rely heavily on social media to manage their reputation. Each uses automated responses to interact with comments. Still, there is a difference between the two companies in how to deal with negative comments: "Etisalat" allocates a special application to filter negative comments, while "du" deletes them electronically. In addition, "Etisalat" focuses mainly on its publications on services, advertisements and offers. In contrast, "du" focuses more on publishing the company\u27s activities, events, and achievements, and both companies are interested in publishing religious and national events and public opinion poll publications to attract followers. Moreover, conversational communication is achieved through expressing reactions and opinions and providing valuable and attractive information to visitors. Also, it provides an easy means to access and use the site quickly and includes the ability to make the public want to return and stay on the site for long periods. Furthermore.
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر توظيف منصات العلاقات العامة على إدارة السمعة المؤسساتية من خلال نظرية الاتصال الحواري- دراسة تحليل المضمون على شركتي الاتصالات الخلوية "اتصالات ودو" بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، واستخدمت الدراسة منهج تحليل المضمون حيث أجريت على شركتي الاتصالات الخلوية "اتصالات ودو" بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها: أن كلتا شركتي "اتصالات" و"دو" تعتمدان بشكل كبير على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في إدارة سمعتهما، وتستخدم كل منهما الردود الآلية للتفاعل مع التعليقات، ولكن هناك اختلاف بين الشركتين في كيفية التعامل مع التعليقات السلبية، "فاتصالات" تخصص تطبيقًا خاصًا لفلترة التعليقات السلبية، بينما "دو" تقوم بحذفها إلكترونيًا، بالإضافة إلى أن شركة "اتصالات" تركز بشكل رئيسي في منشوراتها على الخدمات والإعلانات والعروض، بينما شركة "دو" تركز أكثر على نشر الأنشطة والأحداث والإنجازات التي تقوم بها الشركة، كما أن كلتا الشركتين تهتمان بنشر المناسبات الدينية والوطنية، وتنشر منشورات استطلاع رأي الجمهور لجذب المتابعين، علاوة على أن الاتصال الحواري يتحقق من خلال القدرة على التعبير عن ردود الفعل والآراء وتقديم معلومات قيمة وجاذبية للزوار، وتوفير وسائل سهلة للوصول إلى الموقع واستخدامه بسرعة، كما يتضمن ذلك القدرة على جعل الجمهور يرغب في العودة مرة أخرى والبقاء على الموقع لفترات طويلة.
Analisis keperluan model tadabbur Al-Quran melalui pendekatan kosa kata Arab berbantukan teknologi realiti terimbuh khusus untuk orang dewasa pekak Islam: [An analysis of the needs for the tadabbur Al-Quran model using vocabulary-based approach assisted by augmented reality technology for muslim deaf adults]
Full text linkKajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keperluan reka bentuk model baharu Tadabbur al-Quran melalui pendekatan kosa kata untuk pelajar dewasa pekak Islam dengan berbantukan Teknologi Realiti Terimbuh. Tadabbur Al-Quran melalui pendekatan kosa kata berasaskan Teknologi Realiti Terimbuh masih belum diteliti dan dibangunkan. Oleh itu, pembelajaran kosa kata bahasa Arab berteraskan al-Quran bagi pelajar pekak haruslah terancang dan bersesuaian dengan keperluan mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan model analisis keperluan Hutchinson dan Waters, 1987 yang terdiri daripada Lacks, Needs, and Wants to collect data. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kebanyakan responden tidak mengetahui kosa kata bahasa Arab dalam Juzu’ ‘Amma berkaitan ciptaan Allah termasuk manusia, haiwan, tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan lain-lain ciptaan alam dan fenomena alam. Di samping itu, majoriti daripada mereka bersetuju untuk mempelajari kosa kata Arab dalam Juzu\u27 \u27Amma yang berkaitan dengan ciptaan-ciptaan dan fenomena alam dengan bantuan teknologi Realiti Terimbuh. Penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang ini boleh merevolusikan cara keterlibatan orang dengan al-Quran dan memahami maknanya.
This study aims to analyze the need for a new model design of Tadabbur al-Quran through the approach of vocabulary for deaf Muslim adult learners assisted with the Augmented Reality Technology. Tadabbur Al-Quran through a vocabulary approach based on Augmented Reality Technology has still not been researched and developed. Therefore, learning Arabic vocabulary based on the Qur\u27an for deaf learners should be well-planned and suitable to their needs. This study uses the needs analysis model of Hutchinson and Waters, 1987 which consists of Lacks, Needs, and Wants to collect data. The study findings show that most respondents do not know the Arabic vocabulary in Juzu’ ‘Amma related to creations including human beings, animals, plants, and other natural creations and phenomena. In addition, most of them agreed to learn Arabic vocabulary in Juzu’ ‘Amma related to the creations and natural phenomena with the help of AR technology. Research and development in this area could revolutionize how people engage with and understand the meaning of the Quran.
Understanding contemporary miracles: A study on tauhīd and magical practices in Nigerian society
Full text linkThis study investigates the understanding of miracles in contemporary Nigerian society, particularly among Muslims, with a focus on reinforcing the concept of Tauhīd. It identifies the miracles of the Prophets and the righteous as divine occurrences, while other extraordinary occurrences, particularly those linked to unethical behavior, are interpreted as magical or deceptive, possibly influenced by occult practices. However, religion has become a basis for extraordinary claims among some Muslims and Christians alike. This research employs a mixed-methodology approach that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. A total of 12 Muslim scholars and 5 pastors were interviewed, each responding to eight structured questions. Additionally, 211 respondents completed a questionnaire disseminated via WhatsApp. The instrument consisted of 25 questions, including one open-ended item designed to elicit suggested solutions. The quantitative approach provided data for statistical analysis, while the qualitative approach enabled a thematic discussion of the issues. Strengthening theological understanding - particularly Tauhīd among Muslims - could contribute to reducing the prevalence of magical interpretations of religious experiences. While completely eliminating shirk may not be feasible, increased awareness can help mitigate its occurrence
صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في التشريعات السودانية التحديات، ومخاطر التطبيق في المصارف الإسلامية: [Islamic financing modes in Sudanese legislation, challenges, and risks of application in Islamic banks]
No full text هذا البحث الذي يتناول موضوعه صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في التشريعات السودانية وتحدياته، ومخاطر التطبيق في المصارف الإسلامية السودانية. يهدف إلى عرض القوانين واللوائح والقرارات الإدارية التي تناولت موضوعه، ثم دراسة التحديات ومخاطر تطبيقاتها في المصارف السودانية؛ وذلك للوصول إلى نتائج وتوصيات تساهم في تقييم هذه التشريعات، ثم التغلب على التحديات، والمخاطر التي تواجه التطبيق. والهدف الأكبر هو المساهمة في التوصُّل إلى تشريعات تتوافق مع مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية وأهدافها السامية، وما يتطلبه من مواكبة الحياة وتطوراتها بما ينسجم مع تطبيق تجربة صيغ التمويل الإسلامي المعاصرة في السودان. وتأتي أهمية هذا البحث باعتباره بلورة لأحد أهم المفاهيم الفقهية؛ خاصة وأنه يتناول صيغ التمويل الإسلامي وتطبيقاتها باعتبارها بديلاَ للأنظمة التقليدية الربوية. وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في الدراسة والنظر في تجربة تقنين وتطبيق صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في السودان وتحدياتها، ومخاطر تطبيقها، واعتمد البحث المنهج الاستقرائي لانبناء البحث على نصوص التشريعات من القوانين واللوائح والقرارات الإدارية التي صاغت نظم وضوابط صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في السودان، ولا غنى له عن المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لعرض التحديات ومخاطر التطبيق في المصارف الإسلامية السودانية. وتتضمن خطة هذا البحث مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة. والمبحث الأول تناول تعريف مصطلحات عنوان البحث، والمبحث الثاني تناول صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في التشريعات السودانية - النشأة والتطور، والمبحث الثالث تناول التحديات، ومخاطر تطبيق صيغ التمويل الإسلامي في المصارف السودانية، والخاتمة عرضٌ لأهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث، وتوصيات الباحث.
This research, whose topic deals with Islamic financing formulas in Sudanese legislation, its challenges, and the risks of application in Sudanese Islamic banks. The research aims to present the laws, regulations and administrative decisions that dealt with its subject, then study the challenges and risks of their application in Sudanese banks. This is to reach results and recommendations that contribute to the evaluation of these legislations, and then overcome the challenges and risks facing implementation. The greatest goal is to contribute to reaching legislation that is compatible with the purposes and lofty goals of Islamic Sharia, and what it requires to keep pace with life and its developments in a manner consistent with the application of the experience of contemporary Islamic financing formulas in Sudan. The importance of this research comes as it crystallizes one of the most important jurisprudential concepts. Especially since it deals with Islamic financing formulas and their applications as an alternative to traditional usurious systems. The problem of the research is to study and consider the experience of codifying and applying Islamic financing formulas in Sudan, their challenges, and the risks of their application. The research adopted the inductive approach because the research was based on the legislative texts of laws, regulations and administrative decisions that formulated the systems and controls of Islamic finance formulas in Sudan. The descriptive approach is indispensable. Analytical analysis to present the challenges and risks of application in Sudanese Islamic banks. The plan of this research includes an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The first section dealt with the definition of the terms of the research title, the second section dealt with Islamic financing formulas in Sudanese legislation - origins and development, the third section dealt with the challenges and risks of applying Islamic financing formulas in Sudanese banks, and the conclusion presented the most important findings of the research, and the researcher’s recommendations
الضوابط الشرعية والمهنية للعملات الافتراضية في ظل الرقمنة المالية: [Shariah and Professional Controls for Virtual Currencies in Light of Financial Digitalization]
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعريف بأهمية الرقمنة المالية والاستفادة من تكنولوجيا الذكاء الاصطناعي في تطوير وسائل وأساليب المعاملات المالية من خلال أنظمة النقود الرقمية والتطبيقات المالية الإلكترونية التي تتيح للمستخدمين إجراء المعاملات بسهولة ويسر باستخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية المحمولة، ومنصات التكنولوجيا الرقمية الحديثة. تكمن مشكلة الدراسة في كيفية إجراء التعاملات المالية باستخدام النقود الافتراضية بكفاءة وفعالية وأمان وفقًا لضوابط شرعية ومهنية متوافقة مع مبادئ الأخلاق الإسلامية، لما أن الأموال الافتراضية لا يتم التعامل بها حاليًا بسبب البنوك المركزية والسياسات الحكومية حول العالم، إلا أن الرغبة في التعامل بها جارية. وتحاول الدراسة الإجابة على سؤال رئيسي حول إمكانية إرساء ضوابط شرعية للتداول بالنقود الافتراضية على نطاق واسع في الأسواق المحلية والعالمية؟ وللإجابة عن هذا السؤال الرئيسي ستعتمد الدِّراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، لمناقشة آراء علماء الشريعة، واعتراضاتهم على الإشكالات التي يمكن أن تنشأ من استخدام النقود الافتراضية، هذا بالإضافة إلى الجوانب التعاقدية الناشئة من استخدام النقود الافتراضية والضوابط الشرعية اللازمة لتنظيم العلاقة التعاقدية بين الأطراف، والشروط الضرورية للحيلولة دون الوقوع في تعاملات رقمنة مالية بها مخالفات لا تقرها الشريعة الإسلامية كعمليات الاحتيال المالي والخداع والقرصنة المالية، وغسيل الأموال والغرر والربا والمقامرة. ويتوقع أن تُسهم هذه الدِّراسة في وضع توصيات عملية بشأن الضوابط الشرعية اللازمة لاستخدام النقود الافتراضية، وهو ما يساعد على إنشاء أنظمة رقمنة مالية قوية وعالية السلامة. ومن أهم النتائج المتوقعة من هذه الدراسة تأسيس منصات رقمية وتطبيقات مالية مدعومة بتكنولوجيا الذكاء الاصطناعي، ويتم ذلك باستخدام خوارزميات التعلّم الآلي في القطاع المصرفي والمالي، والتي يمكنها تنظيم وإجراء معاملات النقود الافتراضية وفقًا لمبادئ وأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية. يتضمن هيكل الدراسة قسمين، المحور الأول؛ يُعرّف بأهمية الرقمنة المالية والضوابط الشرعية اللازمة لاستخداماتها في المعاملات المالية من خلال تكنولوجيا الذكاء الاصطناعي. المحور الثاني: يناقش التكييف الشرعي والقانوني للعملات الافتراضية وجوانب استخداماتها، وحكم التعامل بها على ضوء الضوابط والمعايير الشرعية
This study examines the significance of financial digitization and the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in developing financial transaction tools through digital currency systems and electronic financial applications. These applications enable users to perform transactions easily and conveniently using portable electronic devices and modern digital technology platforms. The main issue of the study lies in how to perform financial transactions using virtual currency efficiently, effectively and safely in accordance with legal and professional controls compatible with the principles and rules of Shari\u27ah (Islamic law). This is even though virtual currency is not currently being transacted with the support of central banks or any other government authorities around the world, but they would like to transact with it. The study attempts to answer a key question about the possibility of establishing legal controls for trading in virtual currency on a large scale in local and global markets. To answer this main question, the study will rely on the descriptive analytical approach, to discuss the opinions of Shari\u27ah scholars and their objections to the problems that can arise from the use of virtual money, in addition to the contractual aspects arising from the use of virtual currency, the legal controls necessary to regulate the contractual relationship between the two parties, and the necessary prohibited conditions. In financial digitization, transactions that involve violations not permitted by Islamic law, such as financial fraud, deception, financial piracy, money laundering, usury, and gambling. It is expected that this study will contribute to developing practical recommendations regarding the legal controls necessary for the use of virtual currency, which will help create strong and highly secure digital financial systems. One of the most important results expected from this study is the creation of digital platforms and financial applications supported by artificial intelligence technology, and this is done using machine learning algorithms in the banking and financial sector, which can organize and perform virtual financial transactions in accordance with the principles and provisions of Shari\u27ah. The structure of the study includes two sections. The first section addresses the importance of financial digitization and the legal controls necessary for its use in financial transactions through artificial intelligence technology. The second section discusses the legal and legal adaptation of virtual currencies, aspects of their uses, and the ruling on dealing with them, considering Shari\u27ah controls and standards
Istilah syāz dalam penggunaan hadith dan fiqh: Analisis sejarah dan perbandingan antara disiplin: [The concept of shādh in hadith and fiqh: A historical and comparative study across disciplines]
Full text linkIstilah syāz merupakan antara konsep penting dalam ilmu hadith dan fiqh, namun penggunaannya berbeza mengikut disiplin. Kajian ini menelusuri perkembangan sejarah istilah syāz serta membandingkan penerapannya di sisi muhaddithīn dan fuqahā’. Menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan karya klasik dan kontemporari, kajian mendapati bahawa muhaddithīn menekankan aspek teknikal sanad dan matan; sesuatu hadith dianggap syāz apabila berlaku percanggahan periwayatan dengan jalur yang lebih kukuh atau wujud tafarrud tanpa sokongan yang sahih. Sebaliknya, fuqahā’ menggunakan istilah ini dalam kerangka hukum; hadith dinilai syāz apabila kandungannya bercanggah dengan al-Quran, hadith mutawātir, ijmak atau realiti amalan umum, sekali gus menolak kebolehgunaannya dalam istinbat hukum walaupun tidak semestinya dianggap dhaif. Perbezaan ini menunjukkan bahawa syāz bukan hanya label teknikal, tetapi mencerminkan logik epistemologi kedua-dua disiplin: muhaddithīn menapis dari sudut ketepatan riwayat, manakala fuqahā’ dari sudut keserasian hukum. Justeru, pemahaman lintas-disiplin diperlukan agar polemik istilah ini dapat dirungkai secara harmonis dan diaplikasikan dengan lebih tepat dalam wacana keilmuan Islam kontemporari.
The term shādh is a significant concept in both hadith and fiqh, though its usage differs across disciplines. This study traces the historical development of the term and compares its application among the muhaddithīn and the fuqahā’. Employing a qualitative approach through content analysis of classical and contemporary works, the study finds that the muhaddithīn emphasize technical aspects of isnād and matn; a narration is deemed shādh when it contradicts more reliable transmissions or appears as an isolated report without authentic corroboration. In contrast, the fuqahā’ apply the term within a legal framework; a narration is considered shādh when its content conflicts with the Qur’an, mutawātir hadith, consensus, or established communal practice, thereby rejecting its usability in legal derivation, even if it is not necessarily classified as weak. These findings indicate that shādh is not merely a technical label but reflects the distinct epistemological logic of each discipline: the muhaddithīn focus on textual accuracy, while the fuqahā’ prioritize legal applicability. Thus, a cross-disciplinary understanding is essential to harmonize the polemics of this term and to ensure its more precise application in contemporary Islamic scholarship
Antibacterial effects of kaempferol-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNP-K) against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli: Insights from Naqli and Aqli knowledge
Full text linkSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention as therapeutic agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. From the Aqli perspective, they can be synthesized through green methods utilizing plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as kaempferol. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, possesses well-documented antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. From the Naqli perspective, the exploration of natural products for healing purposes resonates with Quranic guidance that emphasizes the benefits of plants and the wisdom within creation as sources of cure. This study integrates both perspectives by evaluating the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles incorporated with kaempferol (AgNP-K) against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Escherichia coli (EC). Antibacterial efficacy was determined through disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. The largest inhibition zones were observed at 1.25 mg/mL for SM (9.00 ± 0.06 mm) and 10 mg/mL for EC (7.17 ± 0.06 mm). The MIC and MBC values for both bacteria were 0.3125 mg/mL. AgNP-K exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity compared to AgNPs alone, suggesting a synergistic effect between silver and kaempferol. These findings demonstrate the potential of AgNP-K as an effective antimicrobial agent in combating biofilm-associated infections, while reflecting the harmony of Naqli and Aqli knowledge in advancing scientific discovery