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Bridging the Gap, Creating Equity through Wisdom: The Sustainable Development of Inclusive Preschool Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) significantly advances sustainable inclusive early childhood education through three interconnected pathways: (1) personalized learning enabling equitable development foundations; (2) resilient safety systems via real-time monitoring; and (3) enhanced home-school collaboration through data-driven communication. These innovations collectively optimize teacher effectiveness and foster socio-emotional skills. However, critical challenges threaten system sustainability: data privacy risks, disparities in teachers' AI competencies, and the widening "intelligence gap" exacerbating inequities. To address these barriers, human-centered strategies are imperative: establishing robust data governance frameworks, promoting lifelong teacher professional development, and bridging the intelligence divided through policy-technology synergy. Only through such integrated approaches can inclusive early education achieve its goals of quality, equity, and sustainability aligned with global commitments (SDG 4, SDG 9c.)
Integration of Pakistan’s Cultural Heritage Products into Global Value Chains: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textHandicrafts, arch textiles, artisanal goods and other cultural heritage items represent the critical link between international trade and Intangible Cultural Heritage. As cultural and economic goods these products have been essential to identity, foreign exchange and employment in many economies. A country with rich and colorful traditions as Pakistani has, including Pashtun woodcraft, Balochi embroidery, Punjabi phulkari, Sindhi ajrak, etc., with other artisanal works allow a huge space for the absorption to a global universe of markets. However, given their economic and cultural significance, these products are underrepresented in global value chains (GVCs).
In this paper, we seek to understand the position of Pakistan’s cultural heritage products in GVCs and highlight the main challenges faced by artisans in acquiring a fair share of value from participation as well as the prospects for sustainable upgrading. Data: Secondary data have been collected from works of scholarly nature on GVCs (Centre for Development Studies, 2018; European Union, 2017), reports released by the UNESCO in relation to intangible heritage and national sources including the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP,2022) and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS 2023, 2024).
Results show significant bottlenecks such as the absence of coordination in production networks, poor implementation of international standards, lack of integration to the digital-market and ineffective authentication certification. It is being suggested that efforts of institutions in the promotion of handicraft exports as well as the initiatives for building sustainable value-chain are in isolation or isolated from structural-value chain development. Its consequent is that, in practice, craftsmen got locked up into low-value segment and intermediaries and traders became to get abnormally high profits. However, world trends towards responsible consumption, ethical commerce and cultural origin present fresh opportunities to expand.
The research identifies novel solutions such as public–private partnership for compliance and quality improvement, using digital stories through e-commerce platforms, and co-operative based or geographical indication certification models. The originality of this paper is to connect the intangible cultural heritage of Pakistan with global commodity trade by employing a value-chain approach. It is argued that the protection of cultural authenticity and economic integration are complementary objectives to be pursued in a context of sustainable development and cultural survival
Digital Teaching for Sustainable Development in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of University C
No full textDriven by the global wave of digitalization, digital transformation has become one of the key pathways to achieving modernization and equity in education. Although numerous studies on digitalization have been conducted, research on digitalization in the field of preschool education remains scarce. Therefore, this study selects University C as a case to analyze the current status of digitalized preschool education operation and proposes corresponding solutions. Using interviews and questionnaires, the study focuses on teachers from the Preschool Education Department of University C to investigate the development of digitalization in preschool education at the university. The research finds a series of problems, such as teachers’ lack of ability to utilize digital teaching resources, imperfect digital supporting facilities, and monotonous teaching methods. Based on these issues, the following recommendations are proposed: first, enhance teachers’ ability to use digital teaching resources; second, increase financial investment; and third, enrich the content and methods of course design. This provides a reference for promoting the digital development of preschool education in the future
Why Peace Agreements Fail: Institutions and Power in the Bangsamoro
No full textWhy do ostensibly comprehensive peace agreements fail to become self-enforcing? This paper explains the fragility of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) through Acemoglu’s critique of the Political Coase Theorem (PCT): in post-conflict settings, institutions remain endogenous to power and credible external enforcement is scarce. Using a structured-focused comparison and process tracing, the paper analyzes two Bangsamoro “stress tests” between 2023 and 2025 (1) institutional manipulation around leadership and election timing, and (2) credibility shocks in the normalization track—against four comparative cases (Northern Ireland, Aceh, Colombia, Sudan). Recent events include the Supreme Court of the Philippines’ 2025 ruling voiding two BARMM redistricting laws and ordering the first parliamentary election no later than 31 March 2026, and the MILF Central Committee’s suspension of Phase 4 decommissioning in July–August 2025 over delayed socio-economic delivery. Where external anchors and third-party monitoring were strong (Good Friday Agreement; Aceh’s AMM), bargains hardened into rules. Where they were weak (Colombia; Sudan), elites reshaped institutions and diluted commitments. The Bangsamoro trajectory currently resembles the latter. The paper contributes (i) a test of Acemoglu’s critique in Southeast Asia; (ii) an operational approach to measuring “institutional insulation” and “commitment credibility”; and (iii) concrete policy mechanisms that link aid and recognition to verifiable milestones in elections and normalization. Without insulation and external enforcement, CAB remains a fragile equilibrium rather than a self-sustaining peac
Bridging the Gender Gap: Rethinking Equity, Safety, and Leadership in Garment Manufacturing Industries
No full textWomen workers face persistent gender disparities in wages, limited career advancement, unsafe working conditions, and inadequate work-life balance support in garment manufacturing factories in Tiruppur. The garment manufacturing industry achieves $40 billion in exports, and the benefits for the local, state, and national economies are transformative. Currently, Tiruppur employs approximately 600,000 workers; the export scale generates between 800,000 and 1 million jobs, both direct and indirect. The women workforce of 60- 65% is involved in stitching, checking, and packing. The study evaluates the demographic profile of the women and analyses the gender differences in pay, benefits, and maternity care among female textile workers employed in the Tiruppur garment manufacturing sector. In order to offer evidence-based suggestions for enhancing gender equity, safety, and inclusion in the garment manufacturing industries, research examines working circumstances, such as workplace safety, harassment prevention strategies, and workplace decision-making. 216 stitching women workers from 36 factories, comprising both local and interstate migrant populations, participated in structured questionnaires and interviews as part of this mixed-methods study to investigate these issue
The Escalation of Systemic Risk: How Unrealistic KPIs and Organizational Misreporting Drive Moral Disengagement & Breeds Tolerance for Fraud
No full textThis conceptual paper proposes a model in which aggressive Key Performance Indicators (“KPI”) and engaging in Low-Stakes Organizational Misreporting (“L-SOM”) results in Moral Disengagement (“MD”), which in turn leads to Tolerance for Fraud (“TF”) via. Aggressive KPIs promote short-term goal achievement at the expense of compliance with ethical standards (Thomas & Uminsky, 2022). Simultaneously, when employees partake in L-SOM, they activate the self-serving cognitive mechanisms of MD which contribute to the 'slippery slope' of corruption and the perpetuation of a systemic culture tolerant of fraud. (Moore, 2008). This paper draws on the Fraud Triangle and Social Cognitive Theory (Petitta et al., 2021) as underpinning theories. The model hypothesizes that KPI Pressure Intensity (“IV 1”) and Engagement in L-SOM (“IV 2”) contributes towards MD (“MV”), which ultimately impacts TF (“DV”). Data will be collected via surveys from employees, measuring their perception towards the various variable using a Likert scale. This study is innovative since it focuses on a situational, managerially produced environment rather than human deviance as the main cause of fraud vulnerability. Specifically, it establishes that IV 1 and IV 2 are two distinct and necessary inputs that jointly contribute to the decay of ethical thresholds through MD. It hypothesizes that: 1) KPI Pressure will positively predict MD; 2) Engagement in L-SOM will positively predict MD; and 3) MD will mediate the effect of both IVs on TF. This paper contributes to the study of organizational behavioural and fraud prevention by theorizing that unsustainable goals and the need to project unrealistic positive results result in an increased systemic risk of organizational fraud. It argues that the true risk of a flawed performance management system is not the initial compliance breach, but its role in training employees to rationalize wrongdoing. This framework serves as a vital foundation for future empirical research aimed at developing interventions to halt the moral disengagement process, thereby reducing systemic risk across industrie
Empowering Lifelong Learning through Higher Education in China: Innovations and Challenges
No full textIn response to the forces of globalization, the knowledge-based economy, and the rapid development of information technology, UNESCO has issued a series of documents on the role of education in social development and put forward the concepts of lifelong education and lifelong learning. The processes of globalization and digitization have resulted in the formation of unprecedentedly close ties between individuals across the globe. However, these developments have also contributed to an increase in turbulence, complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity within the global environment. In this context, education, especially higher education, should consider how to facilitate how to enhance learners' lifelong learning abilities to adapt to rapid changes. This paper presents an analysis of the theoretical literature and empirical studies on China’s higher education empowering lifelong learning in CNKI (the biggest database in China). It also examines the challenges China faces in empowering lifelong learning through higher education and explores effective ways for higher education to empower lifelong learning. This study finds that higher education plays a pivotal role in facilitating lifelong learning. However, it is not yet a comprehensive "education for all" for all those who could benefit from lifelong education. The attention to minority or underrepresented groups is constraine
Integrating Explainable AI, Ensemble Technique and Sentiment Analysis for Stock Market Forecasting
No full textFinancial forecasting that is both accurate and comprehensible, is crucial for stock market risk management. Many of the innovative approaches that have surfaced in recent years make use of deep learning, ensemble methods, and ensemble techniques that combine many approaches on financial data. Although these techniques frequently produce impressive results, they frequently function as "black boxes," making it challenging for people to examine how predictions are made because of a lack of transparency that breeds mistrust. This review examines studies that combine a variety of models. It makes things more readable and trustworthy by utilizing XAI, deep learning, and machine learning. LSTM, BiLSTM, CNN, XGBoost, ARIMA, and Prophet are a few of these. These are used to identify important trends in financial data and to monitor patterns over time. In addition to SHAP, LIME, and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation, there are more XAI technologies that can be useful. It displays the factors that assist models in making predictions. These justifications encourage more individuals to have faith in the outcome. The review discusses major issues, such as making models easy to comprehend, how well these models hold up in new marketplaces, and leveraging people's emotions when forecasting
The Effectiveness of Median Nerve Mobilization in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review
No full textAs cervical radiculopathy incidence is on the increase, largely due to aging populations and lifestyle-related issues, its conservative management relies heavily on physiotherapy. Median nerve mobilization has emerged as a potential modality for pain reduction, improved functional outcomes, and enhancement of nerve mobility in patients with CR. The systematic review considered the literature published between 2014 and 2025, including 10 high-quality studies, which comprised randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and one case report, that evaluated MNM alone or in combination with either conventional physiotherapy or cervical traction. Commonly, findings revealed that MNM provided a valuable addition to the standard modalities of treatment, providing significant improvements in pain reduction, cervical range of motion, muscle endurance, disability scores, and overall functional outcome, while demonstrating better tolerance and fewer side effects than pharmacological intervention. In general, MNM appears to be safe, non-invasive, and effective in the conservative management of cervical radiculopathy, adding to functional independence and quality of life, although large-scale, well-standardized trials are needed to determine long-term effectiveness and the optimization of treatment packages
Linking Green Product, Process, and Finance Innovations to Firm Competitive Performance: Insights from Namanve Industrial Cluster, Uganda
No full textThis study examined how green product, process, and finance innovations influence the competitive performance of manufacturing firms in Uganda’s Namanve Industrial Cluster. Guided by Porter’s Green Innovation Theory and Financial Innovation Theory, it argues that environmentally driven innovations enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness when supported by effective financial mechanisms. Using a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative approach, data were collected from 51 of 54 targeted firms (response rate = 94.4%). Correlation results showed significant positive associations between green product (r = .465**, p < .01), process (r = .546**, p < .01), and finance innovations (r = .749**, p < .01) with competitive performance. Hierarchical regression indicated that these variables jointly explained 67% of the performance variance, with green finance exerting the strongest predictive effect (β = .521, p < .01). The study concludes that green finance amplifies the performance impact of product and process innovations and recommends integrating circular economy practices and financial incentives to enhance sustainable competitivenes