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A Study on The Availability of ICT at Secondary Level in Secondary Schools of Kottayam District In Kerala, India
No full textToday is an era of educational revolution globally. In order to bring about
tremendous changes in the educational sector, technologies especially, information and
communication technologies (ICTs) play a pivotal role. The shifting paradigms in the
educational system necessitated the call for the use of ICT in schools. ICT has the potential
to address the innumerable needs of students and also teachers, as it demonstrated its power
by entering into virtual reality which is a computer-stimulated environment that can
simulate physical presences in places in the real as well as imaginary world and this is a
manifestation of knowledge revolution. The proposed study intends to look in to the
availability of ICT in schools of Kottayam district in Kerala, INDIA . The findings of the
study are of immense use to school heads, teachers, students as well as parents and thereby
to the society as a whole
Morphology and Crystallinity Study of Sago Starch-Based Degradable Plastic with Chitosan and Calcium Carbonate as Additives
No full textTo reduce the consumption of synthetic polymers, researchers have studied the
use of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and composites to generate biodegradable plastic. In
this study, degradable plastic from sago starch modified with prepolymer polyurethane
synthesized from diphenylmethylene diisocyanates and polyol with the addition of chitosan
as additive and polypropylene or polyethylene as matrix was produced. The research method
conducted were consisting of several stages, preparation of thermoplastic starch, blending
thermoplastic starch with polypropylene or polyethylene, synthesis of degradable plastic and
irradiation process. Thermoplastic starch was characterized using Scanning Electron
Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). SEM-EDX to study surface morphology, meanwhile XRD to determine the crystallinity of
thermoplastic starch. The SEM analysis of 5000x magnification showed the presence of
many material elements in the thermoplastic starch matrix that are visible on the entire
surface of the plastic. The results of EDX analysis revealed the presence of chemical
elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, calcium, titanium, palladium, gold, and
carbon dioxide. These elements came from the thermoplastic starch made from sago which
contains magnesium (iron), calcium and the main additive CaCO3. From the XRD analysis
results, it can be shown that thermoplastic starch was amorphous and crystalline. XRD
analysis of thermoplastic starch has a low crystallinity value at 26.85140
An In-Depth Analysis of Lightweight Chassis Design for Electric Scooters Using Trellis Frame Structures
No full textElectric scooters are modules of electric vehicles with two wheels. They can be
recharged from an external power source of electricity or by a rechargeable battery in the
electric scooter. A lightweight chassis, also called the frame of an electric scooter, is the
core structure that is in all this system of body electric scooters. Currently, the industry
produces different types of electric scooters, but the project only focuses on electric
scooters that are two-wheel-seated due to some of the chassis being in heavy condition. It
may cause an accident in traffic. The purpose of this project is to study and analyses the
common truss member structure of a lightweight chassis for electric scooters. The goal is
to improve rider safety and reduce the weight of the frame structure. By designing a
lightweight chassis with a trellis frame, we aim to achieve sufficient strength, rigidity, and
durability while meeting design targets. To determine the force in each truss member, the
method of jointing will be applied. This will help improve rider safety and reduce the
weight of the frame structure. Five different design sketches of lightweight chassis with
various common truss frames will be created using Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
software. These designs will then be analyzed using ANSYS simulations, and the optimal
chassis design will be determined based on the obtained findings and analysis. These
simulations will help evaluate the performance and strength of the chassis designs under
different conditions. By analyzing the results of the simulations, we can determine which
design option is the most optimal for the electric scooter in terms of strength, rigidity, and
durabilit
Exhaust Manifold Assessment for Backpressure Minimization
No full textEngine exhaust back pressure is defined as the exhaust gas pressure that is produced by the engine to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the exhaust system to discharge the gases into the atmosphere. Minimizing the level of backpressure will improve the overall performance of the engine as proven by various literature. The aim of this study was to study the effects of manipulating the exhaust manifold’s diameter of a spark ignition (SI) engines with respect to its backpressure. The exhaust manifold’s diameter tested were 46mm, 49mm and 52mm respectively. The bending radius for the manifold was fixed at 50mm. The 3D-model of the exhaust manifolds were developed via Computer Aided Design (CAD) with the use of SolidWork software. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was then conducted via ANSYS Workbench 2021 R1. The exhaust manifold was designed in reference to the KTM 690 motorcycle. The results showed that the pressure at the bent for the 46mm specification was 270.2Pa, while, the pressure before and at the outlet which was similar at 101.7Pa for both. Identical pattern of data was also obtained for the 49mm exhaust manifold’s diameter, albeit, the pressure at the bent was 194.4Pa and 34.02Pa for pressure at the bent and outlet respectively. Contradicting to these, the 52mm exhaust manifold’s diameter had shown constant pressure reading throughout the manifold at 170.4Pa. From these data, the lowest average backpressure was determined. Thus, the 49mm diameter is found to be optimal with the average backpressure of 87.48Pa throughout the exhaust manifold. This is a novel finding since the effects given by the diameter towards the average backpressure of this specific exhaust is determined. For future studies, assessment on the effects given by the bending radius with respect to the backpressure is recommended to be explored
To Compare the Effectiveness of Sustained Slow Stretch and Pressure Application in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy
No full textBackground: The most common kind of cerebral palsy, which affects between 70 - 80 % of those diagnosed, is spastic cerebral palsy. Treatment options include surgery, medicine, and physical therapy. This illness impairs the coordination and regulation of motor function. In turn, the spinal cord's and the nerve’s responses are affected, resulting in the stiffness and spasticity of the muscles. The present study aimed to find the effectiveness of sustained slow stretch and pressure application in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.
Methodology: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a comparative experimental study was carried on. 20 samples were divided into interventional (n=10) and conventional groups (n=10) and the samples were sampled according to convenient sampling. Interventional group received an inhibitory pressure application of about 35 to 50mmHg for 20 minutes with the help of sphygmomanometer over the hamstring muscle for 4 weeks. Conventional group received sustained slow stretch over the hamstring muscle for about 20 minutes per session for 4 weeks and the results will be interpreted.
Results: There was only minor difference between the groups when compared statistically and was clinically significant.
Conclusion: The result of this investigation allows us to draw the conclusion that both types of therapies, gradual continuous stretching and application of pressure, is effective
Effect of Core Strengthening and Posture Correction Exercises with Stretching on Sciatic Nerve Root Compression
No full textBackground: Sciatica is a common source of pain and discomfort that lasts longer and is more
severe than lower back pain. Between 13 and 40% of people are thought to be affected by this
condition at some point in their lives. It usually deteriorates because of bad posture. Sciatica
has the potential to become chronic and intractable, with serious socioeconomic consequences.
Objective: To ascertain the impact of core strengthening and posture correction exercises with
stretching on sciatic nerve root compression.
Methodology: Thirty-two sciatica patients were selected using inclusion and exclusion
criteria. They were split into two groups randomly: conventional (n = 16) and experimental (n
= 16). Core strengthening exercises along with TENS were given to the conventional group,
whereas posture correction exercises with stretching along with TENS were given to the
experimental group. All the interventions were performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks, with 2
sets of 10 reps. As an outcome measure, the Oswestry disability index was utilized to assess
each subject's level of pain and disability.
Results: The mean and SD value of core strengthening at the pre-test was 50.63 and 6.18 and
for the post-test was 34.00 and 4.32. As for posture correction exercises with stretching, the
mean and SD value of pre-test was 50.75±5.16 and the post-test was 21.88± 3.76, respectively.
Conclusions: The study concludes that the posture correction with stretching activities was
found to be more beneficial than core strengthening in reducing sciatic pain and disability
Effect of Neck and Upper Trunk Exercises in the Management of Mechanical Low Back Pain
No full textBackground: Mechanical low back pain is caused by the overuse of an anatomical or Functional structure (muscle strain), as well as pain caused by trauma or anatomic Structural deformity (herniated nucleus pulpous). Mechanical low back pain is a primary contributor to disability. Mechanical low back pain is associated with neck and trunk musculoskeletal weakness.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of lower back strengthening exercises combined with neck and upper trunk activities in alleviating low back pain.
Methodology: A total 30 subjects with mechanical low back pain were chosen using convenient sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were split into two groups (Conventional group-15, Intervention group-15). The Conventional group received Interferential therapy (IFT) and strengthening exercise for lower back. The Intervention group received Interferential therapy (IFT) and strengthening exercise for lower back along with the neck and upper trunk exercise. For a period of four weeks, three sets of 15 repetitions were completed during each of the interventions. The Oswestry disability index was used as an outcome measure to assess how much pain and disability each participant was experiencing.
Results: The mean value of pre-test was 44.87 and the post-test was 38.60 for conventional group and the mean value of pretest was 45.60 and the post test was 26.07 for intervention group.
Conclusion: From the study it has been concluded that neck and upper trunk Exercises combined with conventional protocol were shown to be more successful than Conventional protocol alone in the recovery of patients with mechanical low back pain
The Effect of Prolonged Sitting on Thoracic Spine Mobility among College Students
No full textBackground and aims: Sitting over a prolonged period not only creates physiological health problem and cardiovascular diseases, but also increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The goal of this study is to determine whether there is a link between thoracic spine mobility and prolonged sitting, and the objectives are, to assess whether there is a connection between the length of time spent sitting and the mobility of the thoracic spine and examine the effect of extended sitting on the mobility of the thoracic spine.
Methodology: The inclusion and exclusion criteria were checked on patients who were willing to participate in the study, they will provide an overview of the study before measuring thoracic mobility using methods such as the sitting rotation test (bar in front), in order to limit movement in participants lower extremities during thoracic rotation, a small ball was placed between their knees and a PVC bar with a tape marker at the halfway also used, which helps to fix the upper extremity. Using revised Oswestry to measure thoracic disability levels, the values were evaluated.
Results: The statistical analysis showed that those who spend more time in sitting had limited thoracic rotation range of motion. Also, the questionnaire of thoracic pain showed pain and high disability index who spend more time in sitting and travelling.
Conclusion: In people who spend more than 7 to 8 hours sitting, the study’s findings showed that their thoracic spine mobility was decreased. According to the questionnaire, people who spend a lot of time sitting and travelling during the course of a day as well as those who experience discomfort or restriction when performing ADLs had a high disability index for thoracic spine pain
Inter Tester Reliability of Fitmust Hand Held Dynamometer among Healthy Participants
No full textBackground: Strength testing is one of the primary assessment tools for physical strength examination, and an increase in strength is the aim of many rehabilitation programs. Manual muscle testing (MMT) is the most commonly used strength testing method in clinical settings. It is a subjective measurement technique whereby the tester applies resistance to a maximum voluntary muscle contraction. The reliability of the Fitmust hand-held dynamometer is not previously reported in the literature.
Aims and Objectives: The study aims to test the reliability of the Fitmust hand-held dynamometer for lower limb muscles in comparison with the Jamar Hand Held dynamometer.
Methods: Maximum voluntary isometric contraction of hip extension, knee extension, and plantar flexion is measured by two different therapists on different days using fit must hand-held dynamometer for 40 healthy participants of age category 18- 30 years.
Result: Reliability was evaluated by computing Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC), which analyse the consistency between two or more quantitative measures, and Cronbach's Alpha which measured agreement.
Conclusion: Inter-tester reliability data obtained for Assessor 1 and 2 were consistent for knee measurements. However, data for the hip and ankle varied considerably. Assessors 1 and 2 demonstrated a 'moderate to excellent' association for knee Measurements
Implementation of FHIR SATUSEHAT API in Hospital Information System Applications
No full textHealthcare facilities (fasyankes) provide various healthcare services to the public, such as inpatient
care, outpatient care, emergency care, and others, which are largely dominated by hospitals.
Healthcare activities are closely associated with patient data, which serves as a reference for patient
treatment. In fasyankes term, this is commonly known as medical records; however, according to
Indonesian Ministry regulations, appropriate recording is done in the form of electronic medical
records. Therefore, a system is needed to handle this recording, and one of these systems is the
Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS). In recording electronic medical records,
various fasyankes across Indonesia differ in how they record and store these records. As a result,
the Ministry of Health introduced the SATUSEHAT platform as a standard for medical record
keeping. The core idea behind the SATUSEHAT platform is that healthcare facilities are primarily
obligated to record medical records within the SATUSEHAT health system platform launched by
the Indonesian Ministry of Health. However, a question arises: “Can this SATUSEHAT platform
be implemented in hospital applications across Indonesia?” To address this question, the author
makes use of the Agile Scrum method to attempt the integration of fasyankes' medical records,
mainly those of hospitals, with the SATUSEHAT platform. Furthermore, the use of the
SATUSEHAT platform in this research is within its development stage, subject to constant
changes, making the Agile Scrum method a suitable approach. The conclusion drawn by the author
from this study is that the implementation of the SATUSEHAT platform is possible, even though
some features may not be fully usable