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Predictors of Attitude towards Advertisements among Urban Consumers in Malaysia
Get PDFThe purpose of the present study is to understand how Malaysian consumers respond in terms of attitude to advertisement to advertisements using sexual content or nudity. Past studies drew mixed results in terms of favourable and unfavourable response to attitude to advertisement, gender and culture when advertisements used sexual content. Content analysis to advertisement with sexual content or nudity is important to determine to what extent this effects consumer response in terms of attitude to advertisement. If the nudity or sex appeal used evokes positive attitude to advertisement than such use should be adopted. In adopting this approach marketer increase the
opportunity in evoking positive attitude that subsequently results in more positive perception of brand and purchase intent. This study examination of factors influencing
consumer evalution in terms of attitude to advertisement using sexual content or nudity, by employing three factor theory of emotion or stimulus organism response theory,
basic human value theory, evolutionary theory and bioinformational theory. This study employed a quantitative approach to examine consumer response and data was
collected via questionnaire survey from working adults living in the Klang Valley. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and Smart PLS version 4. According to
the study's findings, attitudes towards advertisements and perceived nudity are negatively correlated. Only arousal mediated between perceived nudity and attitude to
advertisement while the association between perceived nudity and attitude towards advertisements was not mediated by pleasure. Additionally, gender moderated the paths
between perceived nudity and arousal, between perceived nudity and pleasure; between arousal and attitude; and between pleasure and attitude. From the 14 hypothesis
developed for this study, a total of 10 hypotheses were supported, resulting in a number of theoretical and practical contributions
Enhancing federal inter-governmental relations and state building in Somalia
Get PDFFederalism is regarded as the ideal strategy for Somalia in forming a power-sharing agreement among Somali clans and a workable solution to the national unity, peace and security. Despite the adoption of federalism in Somalia, the reality on the ground is different as Somalia has continued to be in a state of political quandary. Available literature says little about the Inter-Governmental Relations (IGR) and civic state building as a possible cause of political quandary. This study explores Somalia’s Federal-state Inter-Governmental Relations and civic state building. It seeks to answer the question, how and to what extent have the intergovernmental relations between the federal government and federal member states affect civic state building in Somalia? Utilizing a qualitative approach specifically, synthesis of literature, in-depth interviews and guided questionnaire, the study suggests that despite the existence of a federal structure, intergovernmental relations between the federal government and the member states have been characterized by tensions and conflicts; the federal and state apparatuses lack appropriate provisions in the constitution and that the minimal federal state IGR laws that are now in place are not honored and applied by both levels of the federal government. This study also suggests that there is no effective, agreed-upon model of IGRs and power sharing in Somalia between the federal government and member states, thus constraining any kind of progression in the federal institutions. This study also shows how dangerous it is to neglect indigenous approaches of state building that take into account Somali culture, religion, and customs. The findings of this study contributes to the scholarly discourse on civic state-building, federalism, and IGRs in post-conflict settings. This study recommends a review of the federal-state intergovernmental relations laws paying attention to cultural and religious significance, to strengthen federal-state IGRs
Linking Ethical Leadership and Organizational Social Capital Towards Enhancing Organizational Performance in the Somali Public Sector
Get PDFPublic administration scholars have continued to be interested in organizational performance and have attempted to understand its influencing factors. Public sector organizational performance is vital because it helps the sector accomplish better with limited resources. In the private sector, there is conclusive evidence of organizational performance and the factors that influence it. However, the issue is largely unknown and under-researched in the public sector, particularly in the Somali context. Thus, grounded in social capital and social learning theories, the study aims to unveil the impact of ethical leadership on public sector organizational performance in Somalia via the underlying mechanism of organizational social capital. Data were gathered from 343 public servants in two Somali regional administrations (the Banadir and Jubaland). SmartPLS 4 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the ethical leadership of public-sector organizations positively and significantly impacts both public-sector organizational performance and organizational social capital. Moreover, the findings showed that social capital partially mediates the association between ethical leadership and public-sector organizational performance. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers and public sector leaders in Somalia. The present study is the first to model the mediating effect of public-sector organizational social capital in the association between ethical leadership and public sector organizational performance in Somalia
The Impact of Human Resources Management, Collaboration, Partnership with Empowerment Approach Mediating on Sustainability of FMSRB Program Asset Management
Get PDFThis study aims to discover the correlation and the impact of human resources management, collaboration, and partnership with the empowerment variable mediating on sustainability of Flood Management in Selected River Basins (FMSRB) program assets. The results of the reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha’s analysis) to 5 study variables are very reliable and consistent with a score approaching 1 (Human Resources Management/HRM = 0.967. Collaboration = 0.941. Partnership = 0.939. Empowerment = 0.950. Sustainability= 0.952). Furthermore, through the convergent validity calculation, a significant correlation among the variables was discovered. There is a significant direct correlation of HRM with the Empowerment approach mediation to the sustainability of program assets management (β 0.141, p-0.038), as well as the Partnership (β 0.205, p-0.012); whereas the collaboration with the empowerment approach mediating on sustainability of program assets management, the direct correlation was rejected (B 0.005, p-0.067). Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the sustainability of FMSRB program assets management will be able to take place if the entire stakeholders have commited to the implementation of human resources management, the improved quality of collaboration and quality of empowerment approach-based partnership
Nexus between Financial Leverage and Board Independence of Public-Listed Firms: Is There Any Stylised Fact
Get PDFThis paper examines the relationship between financial leverage and board independence for firms listed on the Malaysian stock exchange. This research is conducted using sample of 265 non-financial firms listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2014 to 2018. Our results show: first, board independence is essential in reducing firm leverage. However, board independence does not affect all firms equally. In particular, board independence has insignificant influences on the financial leverage of young or small firms. In contrast, the financial leverage of old or large firms is negatively associated with board independence. Second, the financial leverage of firms with low profitability is adversely affected by the presence of independent directors. However, the negative impact diminishes as the firms' profitability increases. These results indicate the importance of having independent directors for old, large, or low-profitability firms to reduce their financial leverage. These findings contribute to the stylised facts of the nexus between financial leverage and board independence
E-Procurement and Company Performance: A Quantitative Analysis of the Textile Industry of Pakistan
Get PDFThe current study investigated the impact of top management support (TMS), technological factors and information quality (IQ) on implementation of e-Procurement leading towards company performance (CP) in the textile sector of Pakistan. 202 SC professionals and executives have participated in the data collection based on nonprobability purposive sampling technique using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Moreover, PLS-SEM technique has been used for data analysis. The findings showed that the implementation of eProcurement is positively impacted by top management support, technological factors, and information quality. Additionally, it has been discovered that eProcurement implementation of eProcurement has a favorable impact on business performance. Companies should provide training for workers involved in e-Procurement in order to raise the quality of information used to evaluate and improve business performance. E-Procurement adoption can be affected by a number of factors, one of which is the skills of the staff
Heartbeat Anomaly Detection Method Based on Electrocardiogram using Improved Certainty Cognitive Map
Get PDFDiagnosing heart defects is generally done through the Certainty Factor (CF) approach and the Cognitive Map (CM) approach. The first problem is the lack of the Certainty Factor method, the CF value has not shown a semantic relationship between one evidence and another, so that it forms a complete rule and shows the degree of confidence with a clear map of evidence. The second problem lies in the weakness of CM, namely cognitive maps do not model certainty in variables but only form deductive reasoning. This research was conducted using the Certainty Cognitive Map (CCM) approach used to diagnose heart disorders based on electrocardiogram data. This research has 3 objectives To develop algorithms for detecting heart conditions as either abnormal or normal using the modified cognitive map (CM) approach, To develop detection algorithms for anomalous heart conditions based on the enhancement of Certainty Factor (CF) technique, and To evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the new proposed model specifically the Certainty Cognitive Map (CCM) for identifying heart defects. The results of this test were carried out using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) approaches. Based on the results CF Method gave a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.24 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.48. The results of testing the CM Method gave a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.80 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.89, the results of testing the MCF Method with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.79 and gave Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.89. The test results of the MCM Method gave a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.65 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.80 and the test results of the CCM Method with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.15 and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.39. So the CCM method which is a modification of CF and modification of CM provides a better level of accuracy in diagnosing heart defects as compared to the CF method and the CM method
Applying the TPB and the UTAUT models predicting intentions to use telemedicine among Thai people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThis study applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to predict intentions to use telemedicine among Thai people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The TPB model predictors of intentions to use telemedicine included attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. The UTAUT predictors of intentions to use telemedicine included performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions. The data were gathered using convenience sampling among 213 respondents collected through self-administered online questionnaires. The conceptual framework was examined with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), adopting the ADANCO software program (version 2.3) and SPSS (version 27). The empirical findings showed the relationship between predictors and intentions to use telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic among Thai people. The results revealed that performance expectancy strongly influences attitude, followed by subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. But attitude is not a significant mediator between antecedents of effort expectancy, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intentions to use telemedicine. Moreover, performance expectancy has the most influence on intentions to use telemedicine, followed by facilitating conditions and effort expectancy. The healthcare strategic planners should pay attention to performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and effort expectancy because these factors impact intentions to use telemedicine among Thai people. The recommendation is to consider a qualitative study in further study for more insight results to explain the relationship phenomenon among UTAUT, TPB model, and intentions to use telemedicine. The implication benefits other sectors that could apply the UTAUT model to enhance the behavioural intention of customers and citizens
Protecting Digital Dignitas: Highlighting Legal Protection and Responsibility in Personal Data Security Crime in Indonesia's Online Marketplace World
Get PDFToday the development of technology is increasingly massive and gave birth to a form of intelligence called Artificial Intelligence/AI. Economic potential and threats of personal data leakage awaiting immediate investigation. The concept of digital dignity is closely related to personal data security because in the digital era, leakage of personal data can harm users and violate their privacy rights. This paper aims to provide a juridical analysis of digital identity protection by highlighting legal protection and marketplace responsibility for cases of personal data leakage in Indonesia. The type of research used is normative legal research using statutory regulations, case studies and concept approaches. This research uses secondary data as the main data and uses literature study as a material collection technique. All materials that have been collected are then inventoried, classified, and analyzed using descriptive analysis which aims to describe the problem so that innovative solutions are obtained. There are several deficiencies in the marketplace security system and regulations governing the protection of personal data. This can be handled with marketplace supervisory agencies or supervisory parties, implementing standardized security and regulations on marketplaces specifically as well as internal and external digital identity protection regarding the several parties involved in it
The Intention to Use Technology for Sustainable Performance: A Case Study of Malaysian Employers Federation
Get PDFTechnological changes have significantly become crucial for an organisation to remain relevant and competitive in the progressing world. This study investigates the relationship between Attitudes (ATT), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) on the Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and the Intention to Use Technology (IUT) within the context of the Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF). The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), two commonly used frameworks describing the factors influencing the federation's perceived ease and technology usage, were combined to analyse the data gathered. Meanwhile, the Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) was a non-profit organisation that practised harmonious Industrial Relations (IR) or Human Resources (HR) audits that represented the interests of employers in Malaysia. Despite this, MEF needed to remain relevant, visible, progressing and maintain its future existence by engaging with the digital world competitively. It was necessary for MEF to create or upgrade an effective Management Technology System (MTS) that could assist its members by timely supplying them with updated information, expertise, research, guidance, and other pertinent activities. The data was collected through quantitative research approaches with random sampling, with 384 respondents from the members of MEF as the study's sample. Statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, reliability tests, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were applied in this study. The results investigated the relationships between independent, mediating, and dependent variables using Baron and Kenny's (1986) method. In summary, all the hypotheses statistically had a positive and significant relationship between the variables. Interestingly, the analysis's findings indicated that the respondents showed positive feedback with an attitude that leads to higher intentions to utilise technology, resulting in trust with the current system