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Impact of Rationality and Behavioural Factors on Investors Decision Making in the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Get PDFThis study has explored the impact of rationality, behavioral and demographic factors on the investors decision making at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The present study
has also investigated correlation between rationality and behavioral factors while making financial decision-making at stock exchanges. The study has used descriptive
research design based on survey method to collect data and test the hypotheses. A structured questionnaire developed through literature review and validated through pre�testing and seeking experts’ opinion, has been distributed through convenience sampling. The population framework is consisted of small individual investors making investments at the six floors of PSX. The collected data is analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v23.0 in addition to structural equation modelling (SEM) through AMOS v22.0. The findings reveal that rationality (Problem identification, searching information and evaluating alternatives) and behavioral factors (overconfidence, herd behavior and anchoring) have statistically significant positive impact on the small investors’ investment decision making. Correspondingly, the results of path analysis have confirmed a significant positive impact of the factors of
rationality including “demand identification (β= 0.31), searching information (β=0.41) and evaluating alternatives (β=0.13)” on in investors’ investment decision making at
p<0.001. Similarly, the findings of path analysis have also exhibited a significant positive impact of behavioral factors including “overconfidence (β=0.32) herd behavior
(β=0.31) and anchoring (β=0.49) on investors’ investment decision making at p<0.001. Moreover, the results have also determined a significant negative impact of gender and
a significant positive impact of education on the investors’ investment decision making at p<0.001. The present study has also determined significant positive correlation
between rationality (problem identification, searching information and evaluating iiialternatives) and behavioral factors (overconfidence, herd behavior and anchoring).
This is a baseline study in Pakistan to understand the rationality and behavioral factors involved in investment decision making of small investors at the floors of PSX. The
findings may be helpful for the individual and institutional investors to be aware of different factors involved and develop “adaptive toolboxes” for making rational and
consistent investment decisions at PSX
Factors Contributing to the Retention of Special Education Teachers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to explore the factors that will enhance the retention of Special Education teachers employed in private Special Needs centres in the Greater Kuala Lumpur region of Malaysia. This phenomenological study uses the one-to-one face-to-face semi-structured interviews in order to explore the participants lived experiences of the 10 (n=10) criterion-based participants who has a minimum of two years continuous work experience as Special Education teachers. The participants consist of three male and seven female Special Education teachers. The theoretical framework used in this study is a combination of the Transactional theory of Stress and Coping, the Self-Regulating theory, the Self-Determining theory of Motivation, and the General Adaptation Syndrome. The field work started after the research question was tested through a pilot. The research questions were designed to explore the feelings of the Special Education teachers in their classrooms, followed by an inquiry into their motivations and their coping strategies, both in and outside their challenging work condition in order to enhance their job retention. The participants reported more negative than positive feelings and were more intrinsically motivated. The participants reported that they used more emotion-focused coping strategies in their classrooms, however, they used more dysfunctional coping strategies to unwind outside work. The data was transcribed in verbatim with accompanying notes on paralinguistics and categorized in accordance to the theoretical framework of positive and negative feelings, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and emotion-focused, problem-focused, and dysfunctional coping strategies. The data is then analysed and categorized under themes and sub themes according to their different theories. It must be noted that the data collection process was limited due to the national lockdown in order to curtail the spread of Covid-19 pandemic and this in turn also limited the number of participants as well as the fact that six out the 10 interviews were carried out in a café instead of their respective Special Needs centres. This study also contained recommendations for current Special Education teachers so that the findings will help them to equip themselves with a wider repertoire of coping techniques. As for private Institutes of Higher Learning, the findings recommended that it would be for their benefit to implement psychometric tests, conduct further education, and to make the syllabus more practical with internship programs and consultation with private Special Needs centres. It is also recommended that private Special Needs centres need to strike a balance between the well-being of their staff and their bottom-line as well as to cultivate a healthy work culture in order to enhance the retention of their employees. Future research could use this study as a springboard through uncoupling the research questions to obtain more in-depth and richer data by using quantitative or mixed-method approaches. This study could also be replicated by other researchers to conduct study on Special Education teachers in government centres in order to compare their lived experiences with their private counterparts
Determining rural development priority using approach hybrid clustering methodologies: a case south Sulawesi-Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to develop village clustering techniques that facilitate the government's placement of experts in villages identified as development priorities. The clustering process utilizes indicators such as the community standard of living index (CSLI), head of family, and number of residents. The CSLI was constructed by involving 900 respondents from 30 villages in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The clustering technique is constructed using a hybrid approach of selforganizing map (SOM), Xie-Beni, and fuzzy c-means (FCM) methodologies. The resulting clusters are categorized into three groups: CSLI-poor, which comprises three sub-clusters of CSLI-poor, CSLI-average, and CSLI-excellent. To determine recommendations for the required field of expertise in each village, the cosine similarity algorithm is employed. Villages classified within the CSLI-poor cluster are considered development priorities. The findings revealed that 36.7% of villages were classified as CSLI-poor, 26.7% as CSLI-average, and 36.7% as CSLI-excellent. Consequently, all villages require experts in the fields of economics, social sciences, and health sciences
A Critical Examination of the Factors Leading to Organizational Silence and its Influence on Employee Job Attitudes
Get PDFTo successfully and efficiently attain the purpose, personnel are seen as sources of development, innovation, learning, and progression. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of individuals choose quiet, refraining from expressing their beneficial emotions and concerns over the troubles inside their relationships. This research aims to use existing literature to ascertain the underlying motivations for employee silence and identify the many components that contribute to silence within an organizational context. The primary factors contributing to calmness are often acknowledged as workplace culture, fear and harsh criticism from the administration, lack of trust, and insufficient assistance from management. According to existing research, silence is a behavioral phenomenon that is linked to several work attitudes, including contentment, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior. Workers are more inclined to express their concerns on corporate matters when a company fosters a climate of trust and has effective communication channels
The Effect of an Increase in the Interest Rate and Inflation on Personal Finances in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Get PDFIncreasing rate of inflation has been one of the most essential problems, especially after period of Covid-19 and Russia Ukraine War, which also tends to increase in the rate of interest rate. Therefore, researcher has particularly analysed the impact of inflation and interest rate on personal finances. Primary quantitative research method has been used using survey questionnaire, and information has been collected from 100 households using convenience sampling. For data analysis, statistical tools (. e. descriptive, reliability, and inferential statistics) were used via using SPSS software. It shows that both male and female from different age group has been participated in the current research. Hence, findings revealed that inflation rate has a negative influence on personal finance, while interest rate has a positive influence on personal finance. Findings in the current research have been primarily focused on primary quantitative research that can be used in secondary studies in future for in-depth analysis. Additionally, consideration of control variables (i.e., income, accessibility to banking institutions, and facilities provided for personal finances) can also be used to avoid biased results
The Power of Brand Image, E-Service Quality towards Purchase Decisions on e-commerce in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study is aimed to inspect a model, which has an influence on purchasing decisions taken by consumers in the province of Lampung Indonesia on an e-commerce platform. The results of this study indicate that brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions (0.327) and e-service quality takes a significant influence on purchasing decisions (0.405). Therefore, the ability to create, maintain, protect and enhance e-service quality together with brand image in expanding the scope of trade is the most important task for marketing
An Analysis of Village Owned Entreprises (Bumdes) Work Performance in Semarang District Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFBUMDes have a part in assembling possibilities that sustain the citizens' demands, open professional prospects, and improve society's interest. This study aimed to determine
how organizational culture, organizational trust, leadership, and governance can affect
BUMDes performance and how BUMDes contributes to performance optimization. A mixed method study was implemented in 194 BUMDes in Semarang Regency. A data was collected using questionnaires distributed to respondents, interview data, and the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and the previous study. All data were cleaned, coded, and analyzed with SEM PLS 3.0. Organizational Culture, Organizational trust, BUMDes governance, and BUMDes performance affecting each other which then improves BUMDes’ managers' quality and quantity in Semarang Regency. The creation of employee confidence in the firm is the primary goal of enhancing BUMDes performance through great governance, thus management in a BUMDes situation must be able to do this. The second priority is to raise employee performance. It is essential to improve organizational commitment to employees and
organizational culture. Results orientation, aggressiveness (prudence, competition, and level of reporting) are organizational culture traits that need to be improved. The third goal is to improve BUMDes' governance by putting accountability, independence, responsibility, and equality into action
An Analysis of the Relationship between Socio-Economic Status of Parental Involvement and Child Social Emotional Learning in Karachi, Pakistan
Get PDFParental involvement and a child’s social-emotional learning (SEL) are vital factors in a child's holistic development. This study emphasizes the essential role of parental involvement in children's SEL development in Pakistan, highlighting the need for context-sensitive approaches. It explores the critical, yet under-explored, link between Pakistani parental involvement and the social and emotional development of children aged 5-10 years. It also examines how disparities in socioeconomic backgrounds affect parents' priorities for their children's SEL. There is a significant gap in understanding how Pakistani parents contribute to their children's SEL growth. Hence the objectives of this study are to provide a comprehensive overview of how Pakistani parental involvement affects their children's SEL, and how socioeconomic background influences the priorities Pakistani parents assign to different aspects of children's SEL. A mixed-method research design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive view of how parental involvement affects SEL outcomes. Key findings reveal significant socioeconomic disparities between the Orangi and Southern districts of Karachi, influencing parental involvement. Hypothesis testing yielded the results that Pakistani parents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds have a broader understanding of SEL, encompassing a wider range of skills such as emotional regulation, empathy, and self-advocacy compared to parents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Regarding the influence of SES and culture, limited access to resources and chronic stress associated with low SES might hinder Pakistani parents' ability to provide consistent and responsive support for their children's social-emotional needs. However, in Karachi the Orangi district parents were found to be responsive and involved despite their lower SES. Lastly, Pakistani parents often prioritize social skills like cooperation and respect for authority, reflecting the collectivist nature of Pakistani culture, especially in lower SES areas. These findings emphasize the need for context-sensitive approaches to provide effective support
The Mediating and Moderating Effect on the Relationship between Performance Appraisal, Leader-Member Exchange and Job Performance in Public Higher Educational Institutions in Pakistan
Get PDFThe current study was aimed to investigate the impact of performance appraisal on job performance of employees working in public sector educational institutions of Pakistan with a mediation moderation mechanism. The previous literature highlighted the gaps relevant to performance appraisal and its impact on job performance of employees in different sectors. The current study incorporated organizational commitment as a moderator and LMX as a mediator to further strengthen the positive relationship between these two variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation was applied with a sample of 332 employees working in 12 public sector higher educational institutions located in Islamabad, Pakistan. The results further explored the role of performance appraisal and its direct and positive impact on job performance of employees. In addition, LMX have a direct and positive impact on job performance, while it also mediates the positive relationship of performance appraisal and job performance of employees in these selected public sector educational organizations. The study concludes that, in light of the preceding analysis and discussion regarding the influence of performance appraisals on employee job performance in educational institutions in Pakistan, organizations must pay adequate attention to their human resources in order to improve organizational performance. The research emphasizes the importance of recognition and feedback in an employee's performance and how they impact employee job performance in a public sector university. Surprisingly, however, training, development, and promotion had little influence on staff productivity and performance. It is therefore critical that staff performance may be increased by timely feedback and appreciation via tangible benefits. Based on the foregoing results, it is suggested that, in order to boost employee performance, training and promotion should focus on strengthening employees' commitment and be performance-based. Performance appraisal has a significant and an important role in improving employee performance within an educational organization. As a result, university administration should develop and implement the finest performance assessment techniques to increase employee competency while also meeting organizational goals. Furthermore, university administration should ensure that job descriptions for each staff member are clear, specific, and well defined in order to prevent employee confusion and dissatisfaction in cases where they do not know what is required of them, which may result in failure to meet their set targets. Future research should look into the performance appraisal system and its secondary outcomes, such as corporate innovation, financial performance, quality performance, and so on, while taking the mediation role of internal communication, employee motivation, and employee training and development into account
A Case Study of Principal-Agent Empowerment Relationship and Organizational Performance in the Oman Shipping Industry
Get PDFThe shipping industry in the global context is growing. This fact is further solidified via the exponential growth in the shipping industry in the Gulf region. However, based on a commonly used management tool, the BCG matrix, it has been identified that Gulf Agency Company (GAC) Oman’s organizational performance has declined, especially in the area of market share and profitability. Based on the above premise, this study proposal investigates the causal influence of agent empowerment on organizational performance to estimate the degree of the mediation of agent empowerment. Using a deductive research approach with a quantitative quasi-experimental design, this study aims to administer a survey with a sample of 98 respondents selected based on a random sampling method. The population represents senior managers, functional managers, and supervisors randomly chosen from four thousand GAC International Holdings employees. Data will be collected using a structured questionnaire with scales (1-5) to measure each item. Data will be recorded on Microsoft Excel 2019 and eventually uploaded to R-Studio (3.6.2 version) to analyze data to compute correlation, and hierarchical regression. Secondary data will be collected from organizational and industry-related sources about the last two years' annual sales turnover and market shares. The study findings suggest that the current relationship between the agent-principal is positively associated with organizational performance. However, the above relationship does not influence agent empowerment to contribute productively and meaningfully, and finally, agent empowerment does not have a causal effect on organizational performance. A few limitations associated with the study have been preidentified: the number of variables included for the investigation, sample size, and the time availability, as discussed in the antecedent sections